Abstract
This paper explains that reforms carried out in Iran and Turkey by Reza Shah Pahlavi and Kemal Ataturk correspondingly, during the early half of the twentieth century, are two classical political science cases of authoritarian modernization. Next, the author details the lives of these two leaders, their influences and what they achieved. The paper concludes that both self-made men were great military soldiers and dedicated nation builders who used an iron hand. Their mistakes easily can be overlooked, the author asserts, because of their county's tremendous social, cultural, political and educational progress and the emancipation of women during their regimes. This paper includes footnotes.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Historical Background
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Kemal Ataturk
Comparing the Two Leaders, Their Influence and What They Achieved
How These Two Personalities Affected Today's World
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In fact, Reza Shah was perceived by many as "a not so successful follower of Ataturk". It is also felt that the secular reforms of Ataturk were far more sweeping than that of Reza Shah. Ataturk was able to abolish the caliphate altogether and establish a republic. Reza Shah's attempt to do a parallel in Iran however, met with varying degrees of success and he could never eliminate the influence of the clerics in the political life of the Iranians. The movement launched by Reza Shah could not create as radical an upheaval in Iran as the modernization movement initiated by Ataturk did in Turkey."

Tags:catalysts, etatism, popularity, westernization, founder

Abstract
Discusses the Spanish conquistores. Political leaders of the 19th Century in Argentina, Peru and Venezuala. Liberator Simon Bolivar and his rule. Role of the military and national police forces. Twentieth Century revolutions. Suppressions of revolutions. Reformist efforts. Forces is on authoritarian strains in Venezuelan political culture.

From the Paper
"An examination of the authoritarian strain in Latin American political culture might begin with a brief look at the Spanish conquistadors who carved out the great Spanish Empire in the Americas. Cortes, Pizarro, Balboa, and Coronado, although independent and autonomous entrepreneurs financed by themselves and by individual investors, were soldiers first. Their mentality and temperament may have somehow planted the seeds, figuratively or literally, for what was yet to come in the New World.

What came were the political leaders of the 19th century: Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, and Francisco de Miranda ?
all soldiers first and "liberators" of their countries later.
Argentina-born San Martin served with Spanish armies in both Europe and Africa, returned to join the Argentine independence..."

Tags:Conquistores

Abstract
This paper presents an in depth look at the authoritarian personality types and its defining characteristics. The author examines characteristics such as persuasion, the use of threat, cynicism and obsession with power. Includes details about genetics and environmental influences.

From the Paper
"The contempt-respect dichotomy that is the essence of authoritarianism is difficult to observe "it is not often that one sees submissiveness to authority followed immediately by aggressiveness to a subordinate" so the purpose of the current research is to find other ways of identifying individuals with this trait. Among its defining characteristics are submission, aggression, close-mindedness, superstition and stereotype, fascination with power and authority, cynicism and destructiveness, sexual repression, belief in a dangerous world, and preference for convention. Authoritarians have extremely conservative views, are often racist, respond more strongly to threats than to rewards, and reject those outside of their narrow definition of "acceptable." These findings can positively influence the accuracy of an observer's judgments in everyday life, and, in doing so, can facilitate dealing with others."

Tags:authoritarian, personality, psychology, type, aggression, violence, power, persuasion, leader

Abstract
This paper examines authoritarian and totalitarian both today and historically showing how thesepolitical regimes have resulted in the brutal oppression of its citizens. Despite their similarities, these political systems differ in many significant ways. The paper further elaborates on the different ways their power is used and the characteristics of the party's leaders. In addition, only the totalitarian system follows an ideology.

From the Paper
Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism as Political Systems of Social Control Students Name Teachers Name Name of the Course June 2, 2008 Totalitarianian and authoritarian rule are undemocratic political systems that use similar political tactics to rule their states. Both of these political systems have had large and devastating historical impact on its citizens. Totalitarian regimes such as Hitler's Nazi Germany and fascist

Tags:dictators, power, social control

Abstract
This paper provides an historical review of political leaders in Latin America and examines how many of them were leaders of the authoritarian school. It begins with a brief look at the Spanish conquistadores who carved out the great Spanish Empire in the Americas. It then discusses the political leaders of the 19th century: Sim?n Bol?var, Jos? de San Mart?n, and Francisco de Miranda ?
all soldiers first and ?liberators? of their countries later. The paper then focuses on the 20th century the leaders of the this period.

From the Paper
"Argentina-born San Marten served with Spanish armies in both Europe and Africa, returned to join the Argentine independence movement of 1812. Later, with General Bernardo O'Higgins, he ended Spanish rule in Chile. O'Higgins became "Liberator" of Chile, San Marten soon became "Protector" of Peru. The Venezuelan-born Miranda, who served the French in the American Revolution and later commanded French Revolutionary armies in the Netherlands, was briefly dictator of Venezuela."

Tags:spanish, conquistadores, boliver, miranda, martin

Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the ideas underlying liberal and authoritarian views of public speaking as considered in light of the September 2007 visit to the United Nations of Iran's President Ahmadinejad. The paper explains that this Iranian leader is notorious for his view that the Holocaust did not occur. The paper then shows how when the Iranian leader spoke at Columbia University, the school president muddied the issue by introducing him with remarks that were themselves a source of great controversy.

From the Paper
"In September 2007, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was to address the United Nations General Assembly. As part of his visit to New York City, he asked permission to lay a wreath at the site of the World Trade Center Towers, where some 3,000 Americans had died in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. He also accepted an invitation to speak at New York City's Columbia University. This controversial visit illustrated a conflict between authoritarian and liberal views regarding speech in America. Many Americans find Mr. Ahmadinejad offensive. He insists that Iran has a right to develop nuclear..."

Tags:ahnadinejab, free speech, liberalism

Abstract
The writer of this paper explores the political and military accomplishments of Soviet Union leader Josef Stalin. This paper describes Stalin as an object of admiration, yet also as an oppressor who ruled with an iron fist, utterly successful in spreading and infusing his ideology. Stalin infiltrated every level of a society that could do nothing to protest, nothing to free itself from the tightening, unyielding control that was present in every aspect of Soviet life. This paper delves into the implementation of Stalin's five-year plan for economic development in which the Russian leader adopted the policy views of his former ousted rival Trotsky. His rewriting of historical events marked Stalin as the faithful disciple of Lenin, bringing the ideals of socialism into being with the success of the October Revolution. The writer ponders Stalin's astute political career while describing the leader's ability to inflict torture on his enemies while at the same time filling the minds and hearts of the Soviet people resulting in his inevitable rise to power.

From the Paper
"Soviet citizens had various reasons to buy into Stalin's ideology and support his rise to power. One reason was self-interest, as those who opposed him, along with their friends and associates, were likely to be awakened in the dead of night by a knock on the door, which meant arrest, imprisonment, and many times, execution. From the time of the murder of Sergei Kirov, first secretary of the party in Leningrad, in 1934, to the culmination of the Great Purges, with the show trial of the late 1930's in Moscow, Stalin promoted an attitude of vigilance and suspicion of one's own neighbors. This led to the denunciation of thousands of citizens, many of whom were loyal supporters of Stalin and the party. It was the unleashing of this paranoia, spreading uncontrollably throughout Soviet society, which fed the purges - the cold fear felt by the citizens who turned in their friends and family, and by NKVD officials, who would act on any and every accusation to avoid being accused of lack of vigilance themselves."

Tags:russia, trotsky, lenin, socialism, communism, history, economic, industrialization, revolution, soviet, union

Abstract
This paper uses the Army platoon, as exemplified in the novel, "The Things They Carried", to examine the interactions, roles, conflicts, and the leadership among that characters that make the group a success. The author points out that the most widely accepted theory of group leadership is the Transformational Leadership Theory, which states that people can choose to become leaders and can learn leadership skills; in the book, Jimmy Cross is the "implied leader". The paper relates that Army officers use the autocratic leadership style because of the high-stress, crisis nature of the military, where decisions must be made quickly; but, in the case of characters, Sanders and Cross, group members may resent an authoritarian leader and refuse to abide by his word.

From the Paper
"Narrator, Tim, tells stories to bring the dead back to life. With a story, a man can feel like his dead friend is with him or like he had not just killed a real person. The stories change - names, dates, and even events transform - but the memories are kept alive by the storyteller. The stories in this book tell of Tim's young and unprepared platoon, which is run by a very unskilled First Lieutenant, Jimmy Cross, who only desires to be back at home in New Jersey, without all the responsibilities of war. The men of this platoon change drastically, due to the unrelenting stresses placed upon them by the realities of war. There are terrible memories that they have experienced that will haunt the men for the full duration of their lives. War is ugly. War is cruel."

Tags:platoon, characters, tranformational, leadership, autocratic

Abstract
The paper examines the 1983 film, "Grenada P.M. Maurice Bishop, Speaker at Hunter College" and outline this viewer's reaction to the film, how the main character - in this instance, Maurice Bishop - gets his or her point across, what this writer took away from the film, and what impact the film had upon this particular reviewer. The paper asserts that while there is the suggestion in some circles that Mr. Bishop did a great deal of good while in power, a quick examination of films such as the aforementioned one also indicates that it is never a good idea to take what any authoritarian leader says at "face value" - even if his comments about the errors of U.S. foreign policy remain trenchant and "spot-on".

From the Paper
'The following paper will briefly explore the 1983 film, "Grenada P.M. Maurice Bishop, Speaker at Hunter College". The paper will outline this viewer's reaction to the film, how the main character - in this instance, Maurice Bishop - gets his or her point across, what this writer took away from the film, and what impact the film had upon this particular reviewer. In the final analysis, while there is the suggestion in some circles that Mr. Bishop did a great deal of good while in power, a quick examination of films such as the aforementioned one also indicates that it is never a..."

Tags:maurice, bishop, grenada

Abstract
This paper applies six leadership theories to an analysis of the character of Charles Foster Kane in Orson Welles' film, "Citizen Kane." It concludes that Kane is typical of authoritarian leadership style.

Tags:leadership, Citizen Kane, charismatic, authoritarian leaders