Abstract
The paper examines the drama "Six Character in Search of an Author," written by Luigi Pirandello, which is play within a play. The paper shows Pirandello's theme throughout the play that life is a script with people fixed to patterns that are evident in everyday workings of life and through the history of previous lives.

From the Paper
"The drama Six Characters in Search of an Author, written by Luigi Pirandello, is a play within a play, full of reality philosophizing, which shows how people are real in the same way that characters are. These two themes are highly reflective on what it means to be a play, by comparing it to life, and what it means to be a person, by comparing what it means to be a character. The drama is an assemblage of a play, put together on the spot, when six characters enter another play's rehearsal in search of an author who will manifest their roles by writing a script to their drama. This is their one bent purpose in life, to live on the stage, in their world in which they are real. Though they seem alive, as they are in their search, they are not fulfilling the purpose of filling their roles. They need to tell their stories, they desire reaffirmation of existence and for this they need their fixed reality, the stage. Their script is this means of existence and acting the script out is a means of living or being real. People in the same way are doomed to be scripted; identical to characters, they live only within their fixed play, that which acts itself out from birth to death."

Tags:author, characters, italian, reality, search, theater

Abstract
This paper examines the work of epistemic philosophers P. K. Moser and A. vander Nat, which discusses various types of knowledge, and Edmund L. Gettier's proposition. Next, the author relates his opinion that the works of most epistemic philosophers can be applied to every area of learning, including the physical sciences. The paper underscores the use of epistemology to the author's interest in the study of the stereotypes of many different ethnic groups, especially of African-Americans.

From the Paper
"Second, the epistemological concern of truth allows philosophers and others to study what actually constitutes truth. When one discusses stereotypes, many people have different truths. Some argue that the stereotypes are the truth while others say that equality is the truth. In learning to understand of what truth consists, my study will be greatly benefited. I may be able to understand better why some people called the stereotypes truth and knowledge and others did not. In addition to both these components, the justifiable component will synthesize the previous two components."

Tags:stereotypes, propositional, cognition, explorations, definition

Abstract
This paper explains that the works of Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who received a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982, demonstrate a unique combination of fantasy and reality. His beloved Columbia is mentioned in almost all his works. The author relates that his book, "One Hundred Years of Solitude," which is about the ghost and spirits that used to haunt his grandmother, is based on the author's own childhood experiences in his home with his grandparents in Aracataca. The paper relates that, in "News of a Kidnapping," Marquez describes the ordeal of the kidnappings and the captivity of ten individuals, including the trauma suffered by the parents and the caretakers of these people and the efforts undertaken by them to free their children from the captors.

From the Paper
"Maruja Pachon de Villamizar was a friend of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. She had been kidnapped from her home in Columbia by a group of terrorists and extremists. When Maruja and Alberto Villamizar approached the author in the year 1993 to request him to write a book on the ordeal that had been undergone by Maruja during the abduction, Gabriel Marquez decided to take up the challenge. When he started his research, however, he discovered that there had been nine other abductions of the same kind at the same time, in Columbia. This was when he decided that this particular kidnapping could not be treated as one single episode and separated from the others. Therefore, he decided, he would research all the ten abductions that had taken place, and then write his story. This is the background of the book 'News of a Kidnapping'."

Tags:nobel, reality, fantsy, ghost, kidnapping

Abstract
In 2006, Time Magazine finally caught up to Roland Barthes by declaring "You" to be the person of the year. In 1968, Roland Barthes wrote his seminal essay, "The Death of the Author," arguing that the audience-in bringing context, meaning, and experience to the text-was engaged in just as creative an enterprise as the author. The audience member had been liberated from the ghetto of appreciation and elevated into the circle of creative activity. On the Barthesian view, this transformation occurs because there is no such thing as an author's privileged voice; there is only language itself. To use and encounter language are equally creative acts; merely to read is to exercise a kind of creativity, as we enter into an interpretative relationship with language that is no different in quality from that of the author's activity. TIME's point is more facile, namely that more people are being empowered to become content authors. This essay will bring a Barthesian sensibility to TIME's point about digital media, particularly non-linear media artifacts. The hypothesis is that cognitively decoding, customizing, and hacking non-linear digital media are all part of a spectrum of authorial acts. Whether as mere viewers, or as active hackers, non-linear digital media audiences are now authors, even if they don't realize it.

From the Paper
Non-Linearity in Digital Media: The Audience Member as Author Introduction In 2006, TIME Magazine finally caught up to Roland Barthes by declaring "You" to be the person of the year. In 1968, Roland Barthes wrote his seminal essay, "The Death of the Author," arguing that the audience--in bringing context, meaning, and experience to the text--was engaged in just as creative an enterprise as the author. The audience member had been liberated from the ghetto of appreciation and elevated into the circle of creative activity. On the Barthesian view, this transformation occurs because there is no such thing as an author's privileged voice; there is

Tags:non, linear, digital, media

Abstract
This paper examines how Luigi Pirandello's play, "Six Characters in Search of an Author", is a representation of reality as opposed to the presentation of reality via drama. It looks at how it can also be interpreted as a division of the conscious mind from reality, or what Freud called "doubling", since the characters in the play are separated into actors and the characters they are to play. In particular, it attempts to show how the relationship between the author's characters and the actors who attempt to play the characters can be understood in terms of Freud's theory of the uncanny.

From the Paper
"In the play, six characters appear at a rehearsal and are looking for a way to have their story told. Their goal is to have actors play the parts they represent in the story as yet completed. It is a paradoxical situation in which the actors are imitating the characters as they "perform" the circumstances of their lives. The conflict is made manifest in the discussions between the father and the producer as to what constitutes reality. The actors are "real" because they are living humans. The characters are "fictitious forms" of consciousness. From the perspective of the characters, the actors are comical in their attempts to recreate what the character has created. The actor is both "real" and an imitation while the characters are a representation presented to the world as "real" because of the reality of their stories."

Tags:reality, uncanny, actors

Abstract
This paper discusses the famous French philosopher and writer, Michel Foucault and his understanding of authorship, according to one of his most well known and controversial essays, "What is an Author?". It discusses his argument that our current social understanding of authorship is fundamentally flawed. The paper then looks at the validity of his statements and suggests that his argument remains largely compelling.

From the Paper
"Altogether, Foucault determines that authorship has only manifested itself in artistic and intellectual expressions which possess the potential to threaten the basic power structures of our society. This is why it does not affect all forms of expression in the same manner or to the same degree. Since he has argued that it is essentially a worthless way to attempt to genuinely understand a piece of literature and even the individual human being who is responsible for producing it, he is left with the conclusion that it must be useful for limiting the spread of information and keeping power mechanisms within society properly functioning: "How can one reduce the great peril, the great danger with which fiction threatens our world? The answer is: one can reduce it with the author. The author allows a limitation of the cancerous and dangerous proliferation of significations within a world where one is thrifty not only with one's resources and riches, but also with one's discourses and their significations," (Foucault)."

Tags:intellectual, poststructuralist, knowledge

Abstract
The paper highlights the dysfunctional and incomplete nature of the characters and their difficult relationships in Luigi Pirandello's "Six Characters in Search of an Author". The paper shows how these elements parody the experience of writing drama as well as deconstruct family relationships that have appeared in Western drama since the ancient Greeks and Shakespeare. The paper concludes that the deconstruction of belief in the family and the theater challenges the viewer's own beliefs about fiction and about how a 'happy' family is created and recreated.

From the Paper
"At the beginning of the absurdist play "Six Characters in Search of an Author" by the 20th century Italian playwright Luigi Pirandello, the characters of the drama complain to a manager rehearsing another play with 'real' actors that they are incomplete and that the author must finish them before the actors can finish rehearsing the play for performance. These intruders are not actors, they are 'characters' in search of an author, a plot--or at least the right to air what has happened to their family, which is terrible and shameful, they admit. The dysfunctional and incomplete nature of the characters, and their difficult relationships could be said to both parody the experience of writing drama as well as deconstruct family relationships that have appeared in Western drama since the ancient Greeks and Shakespeare."

Tags:family, relationships, dynamics, theater, immorality

Abstract
This paper discusses how, contrary to most film remakes, Stacy Keach does an excellent job of turning "Six Characters in Search of an Author " into a film version that preserves Pirandello's original storyline without any compromise. The paper explains that Keach's transformation of the play does not compromise the underlining plot because most of the changes involve only visual aspects. The paper also examines how, through his changes in the setting of the theatre, casting of the characters, and interpretation of Pirandello's stage directions, Keach is able to successfully transform the play into a well thought out film that preserves the plot while directing it toward a new television audience.

From the Paper
"When Pirandello wrote the play, he was writing it toward an audience in a theatre audience. Since he was writing a play within a play, it seems logical that he would choose the setting to be in a theatre. When Keach was creating a film version of the play, he was creating this for a television audience. Because he was trying to relate to a television audience and not a theatre audience, like Pirandello, Keach chose the setting to be a television studio. Each and every aspect of these stage directions are easily compatible for making a film, which made it very simple for the director to transform the play. "

Tags:studio, manager

Abstract
This essay examines modern author Toni Morrison?s life and uses examples from the story to discuss the 20th century Afircan-American experience. The paper also discusses the universal literary themes found in Morrison's work, "Sula", as well as the strong examples of irony and symbolism found in the tale. The author analyzes "Sula" on many different levels, viewing the book from multiple perspectives, especially as mirror of Morrison's experiences, and through various literary reviews.

From the Paper
"The novel Sula, by Toni Morrison, is an expression of the author's experiences with and attitudes toward African-American life. The strong focus on black community, female relationships, and the search for identity and values in the midst of racism and poverty characterize the novel.. Literary devices such as irony, humor, and symbolism guide the reader through the rich but spare language of a story the reader "sees" rather than is told. As Sara Blackburn wrote in her review of Sula after the book's release in 1973, "Toni Morrison is someone who really knows how to clank a sentence?".and her dialogue is so compressed and life-like it sizzles.? It is a rare writer who can be successful trying to entertain, educate, and expand upon some of life's deeper mysteries, but Morrison does all these."

Tags:african, american, literature, race, symbolism, eva, pearce

From the Paper
"Hemingway can be classified as a modernist in fiction. Modernism is a term applied retroactively to certain literary and artistic trends at the beginning of the twentieth century. Modernism rejected traditions that existed in the nineteenth century and sought to stretch the boundaries, striking out in new directions and with new techniques. More was demanded of the reader of literature or the viewer of art. Answers were not presented directly to issues raised, but instead the artist demanded the participation of the audience more directly in elucidating meaning and in seeing the relationship between technique and meaning. In literature, writers developed new structures as a way of casting a new light on such accepted elements as character, setting, and plot. Much of modernist fiction shows this increased demand on the reader."

Tags:HEMINGWAY