Abstract
This report attempts provides insight into Dana Corporation?s capital structure. The paper focuses on identifying the company's book value, market value, and the levered value. The report then demonstrates, through a quantitative analysis, what a twenty percent increase in assets will do for Dana Corporation, and assumptions are made to recommend an optimal capital structure mix. The analysis incorporates an estimation of Dana Corp's cost of capital, price per share, and the overall market value of the firm.

From the Paper
"The relationship of the stockholder's equity to total liabilities has been shown to be the most significant indicator of a company's solvency because it provides the ratio of capital provided by the stockholders as compared to capital provided through creditors. The information obtained through the analysis in this report provides answers to the ever important question of whether or not a company should issue stock or carry debt. Unsophisticated investors often wonder why a company would purposely carry debt and one excellent motivation derived from the Modigliani-Miller (M&M) model demonstrates that debt can and often is used as a shield against taxes. If a company like Dana decides, therefore, to carry debt, the tax shield would be used to lower overall costs. The next idea then is for a company like Dana to obtain an ideal or optimal mix between debt and equity."

Tags:leverage, higher, return, investment, interest, payments, financing, fundings, debt

Abstract
yThis paper discusses indepth the state of the economy in context of the rise and then consistent drop in interest rates over the last 5 years. It discusses what the impact is such rate cuts is on all aspects of the economy and also highlights the various kinds of interest rates.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Interest Rates and their Significance as a Macroeconomic Tool
Types of Interest Rates
Impact of Change in Interest Rates on the Current Economy
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"The Federal Reserve like other Central Banks seeks to maintain a financial environment within which competitive markets support the efficient use of productive resources. The overarching principle is that central bank should provide the necessary monetary and fiscal stability in a way that leaves the maximum freedom of action to private markets. In keeping with this principle, monetary policy is implemented by indirect means, with an interest rate policy instrument than with direct credit controls. Thus interest rates are part of the Federal Reserve's key macroeconomic tools that it has at its disposal to control the markets and inadvertently the entire economies money supply. The quantity of money within an economy can determine various exogenous and endogenous factors that can keep the markets and the economy in close range of the equilibrium position. This is important in-order to prevent the extensive number of boom and bust cycles the American economy has faced in the early part of the last century."

Tags:economy, federal, interest, present, rates, reserve, situation

Abstract
The paper relates that it is often said by disgruntled Canadians that "special interests" control the political agenda of the land. The paper discusses how be it feminist organizations, corporate entities, teachers' unions (or unions more generally), environmental groups or some other lobby, there is almost always the assumption that these players are shaping and re-shaping the national political agenda in ways that disadvantage the millions of Canadians who are not card-carrying, placard-waving members of the aforementioned groups. The research question at the heart of this paper is a simple one: do interest groups, overall, really help Canada and Canadians? After reviewing the research, this writer is convinced that they do, indeed, assist the country and its citizens. Therefore, the thesis to be argued is that, as long as they are carefully monitored, interest groups can educate, involve, and galvanize the public at the same time as they educate, motivate, and assist the government - and make it easier for public policy to be administered. The paper looks at the background of Canadian interest groups, explore how they articulate public concerns, cite the functions they serve and outline the mutually beneficial relationship between government/political actors and special interest organizations. The paper shows how these organizations can do a great deal of good because of their expertise and professional commitment to the task at hand.

From the Paper
"It is often said by disgruntled Canadians that "special interests" control the political agenda of the land. Be it feminist organizations, corporate entities, teachers' unions (or unions more generally), environmental groups or some other lobby, there is almost always the assumption that these players are shaping and re-shaping the national political agenda in ways that disadvantage the millions of Canadians who are not card-carrying, placard-waving members of the aforementioned groups. Naturally, there is some truth to all this, but most Canadians fail to..."

Tags:interest, groups, canada

Abstract
This paper explains the factors that determine the relative strength of interest groups. It contends that analyzing what they do requires examining the modern American political system, for it has degenerated into government by special interest groups. It explains that for decades, interest groups have sought to influence government policies by advocating legislation favorable to them, but these efforts, the author claims, have escalated to such an extent that interest groups now control the government.

From the Paper
"Explaining the factors that determine the relative strength of interest groups and analyzing what they do requires examining the modern American political system, for it has degenerated into government by special interest groups. For decades, interest groups have sought to influence government policies by advocating legislation favorable to them, but these efforts have escalated to such an extent that interest groups now control the government. Unfortunately, despite the fact that the Founding Fathers established a Constitutional system of government based upon popular sovereignty and the rule of law, the emergence and development of powerful interest groups in the late twentieth century has undermined American democracy. Because of the power and influence of special interests such ..."

Tags:interest, group, issues

Abstract
This paper examines how the question of whether interest groups contribute to or detract from local democracy may appear puzzling at first given the widespread acknowledgment of the prominent role such groups have long held in our society. It looks at how the underlying implication of this question is that some interest groups by effectively representing their members interests in local political forums may in the process actually be undermining local democracy. The paper argue with reference to a variety of sources that in general interest groups contribute to local democracy.

Tags:groups, interest, democracy

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between the U.S. venture capitol arriving in Canada every year as a way to prove that the rising Canadian interest rates lured American investors in lending to Canada. The paper discusses how although the United States and Canada have always shared a close economic relationship, integration into the U.S. economy through higher U.S. investments in the Canadian market mark a rise in prime interest rates as determine by the Bank of Canada. The paper explains that what results is further proof that rising interest rates signal a surplus of foreign investment. the paper relates that with this knowledge, the Bank of Canada lowered prime rates in its attempt to curb the inflation that naturally comes with such a surplus of foreign capitol. The paper notes that remaining questions linger about future investments after the 2008 rate decrease.

Tags:economics, canada, interest rates

Abstract
This paper discusses the recent economic reports and events with respect to interest rates and interest rate movements. The current state of the economy is examined as well as the Federal Reserve handling of monetary and fiscal policy relative to the economy. Of particular importance is the Federal Reserve's strategic shift in policy from accommodative to appropriate.

From the Paper
"This paper discusses the recent economic reports and events with respect to interest rates and interest rate movements. The current state of the economy is examined as well as the Federal Reserve handling of monetary and fiscal policy relative to the economy. Of particular importance is the Federal Reserve's strategic shift in policy from accommodative to appropriate.
"Introduction & Thesis: Interest rates are part of the Federal Reserve's key macroeconomic tools..."

Tags:macroeconomics, interest, rates

Abstract
This paper discusses the role of special interest groups regarding the Iraq war. The paper makes comparisons between organized interest groups, PACs, candidates and political parties. The paper asserts that antiwar interest groups are especially prevalent, in contrast to absence of public mobilization by pro-war groups. The paper also considers whether there is a possibility of covert pro-war political activity.

Tags:special, interest, groups, PACs, iraq, war, MoveOn, Project, for, the, New, American, Century, (PNAC)

Abstract
This paper discusses the various roles played by interest groups in influencing government decision making. It further describes the methods and techniques of interest groups. The types of interest groups and political action committees (PAC's) are also detailed.

From the Paper
"This report examined various theories of interest groups, presents a conceptualization of such groups, describes their methods and techniques for garnering support and explicates their functions vis a vis the planning cycle for policy making. Drawing on the literature, the report identifies financial contributions as a key influence strategy used by both insider and outsider or direct and indirect interest groups. The report details the ways in which various types of such groups mobilize resources and attract support for their cause. "

Tags:interest groups, policymaking, best practices, government, lobby, PAC, NRA

Abstract
This paper explains that, while the major battles of the Napoleonic Wars occurred between the years 1803 and 1815, 18th century long-range factors, such as increased manpower and agricultural, financial and industrial resources, contributed to this prolonged and intense conflict. The author points out that the increase of available resources called for revised methods for command and control over armies. The paper describes, in detail, the relationship of countries, the wars and Napoleon's rise to power. The author states that the downfall of Napoleon can be said to rationalize the liberal paradigm, which proposes that interdependence based on internationally shared interests can mitigate international conflict; however, not all components of the liberal paradigm apply to the Napoleonic Wars. The paper states that the realist paradigm, which argues that the actual international structure may be conducive to warfare, offers a more complete analysis of the the Napoleonic war era.

From the Paper
"Nearing the turn of the century, the French Revolution started to collide with greater European interests, posing a potential threat to international stability and order. To avoid being overthrown, the French king made an unsuccessful attempt to escape. When he was returned to Paris, he was suspended of all power and virtually placed under arrest. Leopold the II of Austria petitioned the royal families of Europe to help restore the French royal family, stating in the Declaration of Pillnitz that reinstating France's monarchy was in Europe's common interest and ultimately necessary to maintain international stability.

Tags:enlistment, mass production, austro-prussian interest structure