Abstract
This paper discusses the Pax Romana that began under the rule of Emperor Augustus, and demonstrates that this era of relative peace and prosperity was ushered in due to Augustus' wise political maneuverings and his unwavering faith in the high value of morality in Roman life. Augustus firmly believed that the wicked and evil people of the world had undeniably corrupted Roman society and culture, which led to the civil wars that plagued the Romans during the waning years of the Republic. Under the imperial rule of Augustus, he desired to restore morality to the people and thereby ensure a lasting peace. A brief history of Augustus is given at the beginning of the paper, telling of his early life and adoption by Julius Caesar as his appropriate heir. Ancient sources are heavily quoted in order to give an extensive background into Augustus' character and the emphasis he put on honor and ethical living. As Emperor, Augustus' foreign and domestic policies are examined in order to demonstrate how his actions would set the foundation for years of peace throughout the civilized world. His peaceful dealings with the "barbarians" in the Middle East and his desire to firmly establish a Northern border in Central Europe would help outline the Roman Empire for all people and establish a strict yet orderly system of enforcing the borders and keeping the citizens safe. The paper ends with an examination in how Augustus' personal beliefs were reflected in the policies that he created as Emperor. The main point of this section summarizes that due in large part to Augustus viewing himself as the moral savior or Rome, he desired that his legacy be as a unifier, not a conqueror, so many of his policies were created as a way to keep Rome secure and stable long after Augustus' own death.

From the Paper
"When Octavian became the emperor Augustus, he brought about drastic changes to Rome's political and social environments. Augustus' foreign and domestic policies during his reign created safety and security for the Roman people that were unparalleled at the time of their initiations. As Augustus began to consolidate his power in Rome as emperor, the city and its territories entered into an unprecedented era of peace and prosperity that would be dubbed the Pax Romana, literally translated as the Roman Peace. This concept was directly linked to Augustus' handling of foreign nations and domestic affairs, transforming potential problems into subdued and passive situations that would hold for nearly 200 years after Augustus' death. The Pax Romana was a period of time that was directly inspired by Augustus' own personal beliefs and early experiences; Augustus realized that without order and control over Rome and her territories, the civil wars, violence and political unrest would control Rome, just as it did when he was growing up into adulthood."

Tags:affairs, ancient, augustus, caesar, emperor, foreign, julius, military, octavian, politics, roman, rome

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the transformation of Octavian to his deified identity of Augustus was done so as a result of Julius Caesar's death and the Senate's decision to grant him proconsular power. The writer maintains that it was with this duty and privilege that Augustus was able to develop Rome into an expansive empire of wealth, power and culture - a feat that he did not let the Roman people soon forget. The writer points out that while the vitality of the empire was a concern for Augustus, he also found value in preserving his image as emperor and as his personal self, Augustus. The writer discusses that in order to leave an infamous legacy that illustrated an intense devotion to Rome, charisma toward his people and the feats that he accomplished for the benefit of the empire, Augustus utilized rhetoric by way of art, literature and political prowess.

From the Paper
"In addition to Augustus' own endeavors at his self-promotion, he relied on the third-party assistance from others to gain reputable standing. While he claimed to encompass many virtues, the freedom of expression in literature was not necessarily imperative to the emperor. Possibly in an attempt to save face with his public, Augustus exiled famous author Ovid from Rome after the publication of one of Ovid's poems. Though the exact motivations behind why Augustus felt threatened by Ovid are unclear, it has been hypothesized that the poet withheld valuable information from the emperor about a political upheaval against him. This can be drawn from Ovid's statement ..."

Tags:Augustus, culture, expression, emperor, gods

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts Augustus' writings about himself in the "Res Gestae" with those of Tacitus and Dio Cassius.

From the Paper
"Augustus's writing about himself in the "Res Gestae" can be compared with the writing of two other ancients, Tacitus and Dio Cassius. While Augustus's writing was essentially an epitaph that he wrote for himself in advance of his death, Tacitus and Dio Cassius were historical writers who provided alternate views on the historical time in which they lived and on Augustus himself. In the "Res Gestae", Augustus does not allow modesty to prevent him from presenting his deeds in their best light as..."

Tags:Augustus, Roman Empire, Res Gestae, Tacitus, Dio Cassius

Abstract
The paper discusses how the two statues Apollo of Veii and Portrait of Augustus as Priest invoke very similar, yet differing understandings of the four hundred years of Roman government that divides them historically. The paper describes how the shape, materials, and forms of these statues depict very similar godly representations of mythical and historical leadership.

Tags:apollo, augustus, rome

Abstract
This paper considers the various ways Augustus used religion and religious beliefs to strengthen the position of his regime during the period 43 BCE - 14 CE. Focus is placed on the role of religion as an agent of social inclusion, especially for the disenfranchised social groups produced by the Augustan social and Moral Legislation. The Emperor's position and the centre of state religion and how this was achieved is also assessed, as is the impact of a number of these religious changes, notably the significance of the changing role of priesthoods.

From the Paper
"Religion, religious belief and religious imagery are all core components of the Augustan regime's rise to power and exploiting such beliefs enhanced Augustus' position considerably. As with almost every aspect of the Augustan settlement with the state it is effectively a piecemeal activity and thus it is difficult for one to discuss the religious policy of Augustus, however, consideration can be given to a number of events and decisions which show the various ways Augustus used religion and religious ideas to enhance his position."

Tags:augustales, augustus, cult, empire, imperial, priesthoods, principate, religion, roman, rome

Abstract
This paper examines the ways in which Augustus Caesar reformed the political system of Rome and how he helped construct a completely new system. First, the paper discusses how Augustus consolidated his power following the death of Julius Caesar and the failure of Antony. Then, the paper shows how he was able to gain such power and also maintain the support of the populace. The paper describes in detail the projects Augustus undertook to better the lives of common Roman citizens which garnered their loyalty. Some of the resistance that Augustus experienced is also considered. The paper concludes by looking at the long-term impact of Augustus' power, which later emperors who were less skilled abused.

From the Paper
"Augustus thus kept the trappings of republican rule in the form of the continued existence of the Senate, but as leader he had powers that would last him his entire life like a king, and he exercised domination over the powers of the legislature and could act without their approval. Augustus was careful to appear to not wish to have absolute power, even while according to the institutional powers he possessed he could do what he wanted. The popularity he had amongst the people allowed him to engage in skillful public relations ploys, unintentionally aided in one instance, by a famine that struck Rome."

Tags:Roman emperors, Octavius, Roman senate

Abstract
In this article, the writer first points out that in order to answer the question of why Augustus was able to found an enduring and stable monarchy while Julius Caesar failed one must appreciate, from the outset, how Augustus learned from his adoptive father's mistakes. The writer discusses that Augustus' achievement was based upon his realization that the support of the Senate and the Roman upper classes was critical to his governance of the Roman world. The writer maintains that Augustus' insight that the senatorial class would accept the reduction of their own power and his assumption of absolute power was the basis of his successful assumption and maintenance of power.

From the Paper
"It will be argued that Augustus' insight that the senatorial class would accept the reduction of their own power and his assumption of absolute power in fact, so long as the forms of republican authority and senatorial power were respected in name, was the basis of his successful assumption and maintenance of power. This was in striking contrast to the actions of Julius Caesar whose assumption of absolute power both in name and in fact led to his assassination at the hands of senatorial opponents."

Tags:empire

Abstract
This paper discusses how, although both Julius Caesar and Augustus improvised political strategies to support their respective dominance of the Roman world, Augustus was successful while Julius Caesar was not due to the respect that Augustus paid to the formalities and conventions of Roman political life. The paper looks at how Julius Caesar relied on the overt exercise of power and relegated the senate to a marginal position in the state and how, in comparison, Augustus employed power in covert ways and understood that he could retain absolute power as long as he paid "lip service" to republican values.

From the Paper
"The office of "dictator" in the Roman Republic was a position that granted its holder extraordinary powers. It was thus rarely granted by the state, and usually in times of emergency when a unified command was critical to the survival of Rome. However, given the echoes of absolute royal power in this office, Romans carefully limited the powers of the office to six months or the duration of the emergency; whichever was shorter (BGT 26-27). Julius Caesar, in his calculated political improvisation in a time of Civil War, relied heavily upon repeated grants of the dictatorship to give a veneer of legitimacy and legal authority to his supreme military and political power. In February 44, Caesar finally decided to assume the dictatorship for life as a matter of convenience (BGT 160)."

Tags:rome, senate, republican, dictatorship

Abstract
The paper describes the funeral and the Mausoleum of Augustus that is Emperor Augustus' final resting place. The paper shows how the iconology surrounding his grave is full of images of his success, his relationship to Rome, his strength, his role as a leader of Rome's army and his ascension to the heavens.

Outline:
The Funeral
The Final Resting Place - the Mausoleum

From the Paper
"Augustus (63 BC- AD 14) was one of the most beloved and successful emperors of the ancient Roman Empire. A visit to Rome will find numerous statues of the Emperor Augustus, all of which depict him as a young, handsome, virile Roman soldier and statesman. Even though Augustus lived to be quite old, he is, for the most part, in the imagery that survived him, young in appearance. The message conveyed was one of a youthful leader, a strong leader, who possessed all the attributes associated with that most precious and desired time in the life of a person; their youth."

Tags:Rome, strength, success, funeral

Abstract
This paper focuses on the nature of the constitutional changes under Augustus and the response of various aspects of society. It attempts to determine why Augustus continued to alter his powers and roles within the state until 19BC, and what, if any, underlying purpose or intention can be observed.

From the Paper
"It is also significant and worth noting the way in which the settlements served to link Augustus to the idea of the Republic. The Res Gestae ends with the grant of the title Patrem Patriae, illustrating the significance Augustus placed on this title, which is a perfect example of 'his greatest political achievement having promoted the development of a patriotism that combined the legacy of the Republic and his own accomplishments in preserving that legacy' thus linking the two intrinsically in the political culture. However, the settlements are more than simple assertions of his links to and reverence for ancestral customs. Through the settlements and accompanying propaganda there is a deliberate attempt to establish Augustus as the savior of the state. This important image of Augustus is highlighted by many events and sources."

Tags:27bc, 28bc, constitution, politics, proconsul, senate