Abstract This paper examines how General Augusto Pinochet has been found guilty of the torture, disappearance, and murder of thousands of Chileans, including international citizens, but has not yet been brought to justice. It discusses how, while in England, Pinochet was arrested on a warrant from Spain for murder during his dictatorship and how, due to his age and alleged mental incapacity, was released again in March 2000. Today, he remains in his mansion and is receiving treatment for insanity. It provides an examination of how and when General Augusto Pinochet is alleged to have engaged in criminal activities and what has been done to try to bring him to justice. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper "By July 2000, Pinochet's parliamentary immunity had been taken away by Chile's Supreme Court, and nearly 200 lawsuits were filed against him. Some of the charges have been limited and appeals are underway, but the general has been ruled fit to stand trial. He was placed under house arrest in January of 2001 (Waltz, 2001). His lawyers continued to press for his release on the grounds of his ill health (Spanakos, 2001). In July 2002, Chile's Supreme Court ruled Pinochet mentally incompetent to stand trial. The decision ended efforts to prosecute him for human rights violations. Days later, for health concerns, Pinochet resigned from his lifetime Senate seat."
Abstract This paper explores the usefulness of drama techniques developed by Augusto Boal in "Theater of the Oppressed" and applies them towards training programs in the business environment. This is done by means of a brief consideration of selected techniques, followed by their application to education and business. The paper also refers to other drama techniques and literature to support the theory.
From the Paper "Cooperation is of prime importance in the business environment. In Goffman's work, this concept is explored through group dynamics, and the relationship between performance and audience (Goffman, 1959:22). A group in the performance attempts to work towards a single predetermined goal. Co-operation may then occur in one of two ways: the group is either unanimous in its achievements of the goal, or each individual assumes a differing role, each of which then results in the achievement of the above-mentioned goal."
Abstract Patricia Verdugo's "Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death" is a complex and chilling portrait of the time of a brutal dictator. Her book is an effective account of the Caravan of Death, a euphemism for the mass execution of 75 political prisoners that marked the beginning of General Augusto Pinochet's brutal regime in Chile. This review provides a detailed analysis of Verdugo's book. The impact of the book's title and chapter headings are investigated, and the writing style is critiqued. Further, Verdugo's reasons for writing the book and any potential conflicts of interest are investigated. Finally, the scholarship, credibility, and the ultimate success or failure of the book are analyzed.
From the Paper "Verdugo's book was published while Pinochet was in power, a personally dangerous move for Verdugo, which she refers to as a "matter of honour" (Jamasmie). Clearly, to oppose Pinochet, a man who Verdugo paints as an insecure, cold and calculating killer, was personally dangerous for Verdugo. Given the personal danger inherent and writing Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death, Verdugo's decision to publish the book at all was courageous. In an interview with Cecilia Jamasmie, Verdugo notes that "the truth needed to be told somehow" (Jamasmie). Her father's disappearance played an important role in her decision to reveal many of the secrets of Pinochet's crimes (Jamasmie)."
This paper examines the "The Chilean Miracle," which is basically Chile's ability to escape the hyperinflation and stagnation suffered by many of its Latin American neighbors.
Abstract This paper details the neo-liberal economic reforms that took root in Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, which continue to this day. Chile's experimentation with neo-liberal ideas started in the 1960s when a group of Chileans, who had studied economics in Chicago, who returned to implement what they learned. The writer of this paper details the five cardinal points of neoliberal economics which Pinochet was determined to embrace. The market was to rule supreme, unrestrained by the intervention of government or labor unions. To reduce government interference in the market and reduce government debt, the government withdrew itself from many social welfare programs. This paper analyzes Pinochet as a leader who was able to manipulate institutional changes in his favor, while simultaneously convincing the public that he was acting on their behalf. The writer contends that although democratic principles continue to lag in Chile today, the nation's economic system continues to thrive under a neoliberal, capitalist regime.
From the Paper "One might state that need not condone the horrors of the Pinochet regime, to grant that some economic successes did result from his policy, and that the reforms may have been necessary. In concrete policy terms, this change enabled an opening of Chile's economies to the world through free trade. Tariffs were reduced and there was an elimination of state-sponsored subsidies of inefficient businesses, combined with an opening of capital markets, relaxation of restrictive labor laws, a reduction in public employees, privatization of state-owned enterprises and changes in formerly inflexible currency regimes and foreign exchange policies. It is unlikely that such sweeping and foreign domestic reforms could have been accomplished so quickly, and been sustained in the 1990's in the absence of a military regime."
Abstract The death and violent overthrow of Chilean President Dr. Salvador Allende, on September 11, 1973, represents the result of a three-year long testing whether political institutions can survive sharp transformation in their policies. The capitalist class, with help from exterior powers, replaced Allende's democratically elected government with a military regime that ruled for 17 years. The crucial figure in this military coup was Allende's successor Augusto Pinochet. This paper examines the events that led to the overthrow of Dr. Allende's government, as well as the significance of the overthrow. The opinions from scholars Peter A. Goldberg, author of the journal "The Politics of the Allende Overthrow in Chile" as well as Gil Merom, author of the journal "Democracy, Dependency, and Destabilization: The Shaking of Allende's Regime" are used as reference.
From the Paper "Forty years prior to Allende's rise to power, the Chilean political elite was dependent on bargaining and compromises between government and opposition parties. However, during his regime, Allende made an agreement between his Unidad Popular (UP) the coalition of parties of the left, and Christian Democratic Party (PDC). The agreement provided new constitutional backing for the pluralism of Chile's institutional system, in return for which the PDC agreed to vote for Allende. The agreement guaranteed the existence of the opposition political parties, while the President is in control of armed forces. Social groups like labor unions and institutions like the universities, the private schools and the communication media were guaranteed their autonomy and multiparty character. This marriage between UP and PDC worked almost perfectly during the first year of Allende's regime."
Abstract Still present in modern day, discontent amongst lower class Chileans has been existent since the Spanish Conquest and the first imbalances of power. It has grown, evolved and has seemed to become the catalyst of change in Chilean society and politics. The paper shows that Chile's history of politics has not been a clear one; bouncing around from left to right, from one form of political dictatorship to another, it has overcome countless incapable leaders and corrupt governments but has also suffered innumerable losses. The paper shows that the military coup that toppled the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973 and initiated a regime of terror under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet was the result of numerous economic and political factors that united to cause the bloodiest day in Chile's modern history.
From the Paper "As Allende was working for the people and against capitalism, the States was working against him. As the Cold War progressed throughout the world, the United States was on an anti-communist mission to prevent any social movement that would cause disruption in their capitalistic plans and feared any country that had a large number of these supporters. As a result of the increase in real income for the mass of Chilean workers, monetary expansion stimulated a stagnant economy, which caused higher inflation . When copper prices began to fall, the United States made the move to kick Allende when he was down."
Abstract The paper questions how, under the rule of Pinochet, Chile, with a long, well-respected history of democratic rule, could abandon the civic values it once regarded so highly and turn on it's people. The paper discusses how Pinochet created a fractured state by running the state of peace as if it were really a state at war, by propagandizing the evils of communism and the need of the nation to refrain from democracy until it was eradicated, and by creating a military like system for everything, fostering secrecy and the status quo and forcing fierce capitalism.
Outline:
Introduction
Propaganda
Compartmentalization
Secrecy & Fear
Conclusion
From the Paper "The mental preparedness for war creates within the military a sense that the enemy could be around any and every corner. This mentality as well as the secrecy and compartmentalization that it creates developed a fragmented Chile, where the whole of the population from exiled former diplomat to the lowliest peasant had to choose based on his or her buy in and what he or she had witnessed during and following the bloody coup of 1973. Pinochet fed the culture of secrecy by committing acts that demanded such secrecy and by engaging the country through mandates and orders, decrees and systems unlike any that had occurred prior as well as flooding her with anti-revolutionary propaganda. "Official propaganda stressed the violence and chaos of the Allende [socialist] years and depicted the coup as a glorious act of liberation."
