From the Paper
"The Audubon Society was founded in 1886 to prevent the extinction of birds (Backman 98-100). The catalyst for founder George Bird Grinnell was the senseless slaughter of birds associated with the plume trade. The new society was named after John James Audubon who was Grinnell's boyhood idol.

Mission, Goals, and Philosophy
Rooted in more than a century of activism on behalf of birds, the National Audubon Society maintains the traditions of its founders (Flicker 6). Just as threats to birds have evolved, so have the methods applied by the National Audubon Society to effecting change on their behalf. No longer is the organization fighting the hunters of commerce. Today, threats to birds are less ..."

Abstract
There are many environmental groups which have a tremendous effect on the policy of the United States with regards to the environment. This paper explores how three of these groups, the Sierra Club, Environmental Defense, and the National Audubon Society have exerted their power to effect federal governmental policy. The paper gives the background and mission of these organizations as well as some notable accomplishments and further goes on to explore their sources of power in exerting their influence as well as the claims that they have too much undue influence over federal government policy.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Sierra Club
Environmental Defense
National Audubon Society
Influence of Environmental Groups
Conclusion

From the Paper
"These are some heavy charges to be levied against the environmental groups and those who the Center for the Defense of Free enterprise feels are in concert with it. One of the reasons this group might feel this way is because groups such as the Sierra Club, Environmental defense, and the national Audubon Society have pushed for years to keep the rainforests from being cut down which hurts the interest of lumber group. They have also pushed for tougher standards for car emissions hurting the interests of car makers, and they have pushed for standards on how companies can dispose of their waste products which often costs companies millions to comply."

Tags:Sierra, Environmental, Defense, National, Audubon, Society

Abstract
Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, was only forty years old when he was assassinated at Harlem's Audubon Ballroom on February 21, 1965. This paper examines who was Malcolm X was and what took him from the ghetto mentality of Harlem to become a small time crook, to prison and then to rehabilitation and the voice of defiance against the white man's injustice.

From the Paper
"Malcolm's beginning years planted the seed of what he would become, and the rage he felt. "One of Malcolm's earliest memories was of fire and destruction. He would always remember 'being snatched awake one night with a lot of screaming going on because our house was on fire.' The fire was said to have been started by white supremacists in Omaha." (Diamond, p. 11) Malcolm's father, Earl Little, was a Baptist preacher with radical ideas, who followed the teachings of Marcus Garvey, a famed black nationalist. Whether the neighbors, who neither liked the Little family nor the father's beliefs, were involved in the arson fire is not known, but they were not sorry to see the family move. In fact, the Littles (Earl and Louise) had to move a number of times during Malcolm's early years."

Tags:harlem, blacks, negroes