Abstract
The paper begins by posing questions such as whether there is an environmental factor that is making otherwise normal people engage in deviancy and whether our definitions of "normal" are changing and that these behaviors have always been a part of our culture, but were considered taboo. It then goes on to give a thorough definition of paraphilia. Next the paper explores the influence of culture of sexual practices. It does this within a historical context. The paper then raises common issues experienced by sufferers of paraphilia, deals with treatment of this condition and discusses the specific deviation of sexual sadism. The paper concludes with a synopsis of the issues it contains.

From the Paper
"A New York Times article recently reported that clinical psychologists are seeing an increasing number of patients reporting that they engage in abnormal sexual behavior (Goleman, 1991). Kinsey noted that in the years 1948 and 1953 as many as half of the Americans surveyed participated in sexual activities that could be considered masochistic or sadistic (such as biting or spanking) (Kinsey, et. al, 1948: Kinsey, et. Al., 1953). This trend seems to have slightly increased in prevalence, however, still remains close to the 61% mark (Donelly and Straus, 1994)."

Tags:environmental, factor, deviancy, taboo, definition, practices, historical, treatment, sadism, masochism

Abstract
This paper explains that the perceived differences and similarities among human beings are linked to their social setting. The author points out that human beings over the course of their lives become accustomed to the company, appearance and behavior of those people around them; therefore, when people encounter atypical individuals or groups, they immediately identify these differences and react to them. The paper suggests that, within the U.S. society of increasing cultural diversity as well as human biodiversity, accepting and appreciating differences may well be more beneficial to the whole than seeking widespread conformity.

From the Paper
"Thus, conceiving of man as "everyman" would be to categorically ignore what binds him to other human beings--his culture. In anthropology, there is no single term to blanket all of humanity under a single cultural norm, moral maxim, or physical characteristic. Differences in human beings may be nearly continuous--forming a spectrum of what it is to be human--so biological or purely mental divisions between people along the lines of race, or animals along the lines of species, must be arbitrary."

Tags:atypical capitalism everyman spectrum, cultural heritage

Abstract
This paper describes the pharmaceuticals developed to treat severe depression. The focus of the paper is on drugs used to treat people with atypical mental illnesses and, in particular, atypical forms of depression. Topics such as how these drugs work, their side effects, and the importance of educating the patient about the drugs are all covered by the paper.

From the Paper
"Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors or MAOs were the first pharmaceuticals developed. Although they have more side effects than the tricyclic and latest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), they are found to be very helpful particularly in "atypical" and treatment-resistant situations. They can "produce dramatic improvements in some forms of depression" (Gorman, 1990, p. 83). The generic and brand names of the three marketed in the United States are bedisocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine sulfate (Nardil) and tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate)."

Tags:function, depressive, moods, sensitive, rejected, fatigue, lethargy, illness, overeating, depressed

Abstract
This paper studies the tragic character of Macbeth in Shakespeare's play "Macbeth". The paper discusses how, true to Shakespearean tragedy, the character's downfall stems from his own actions. The paper examines Macbeth's murder of King Duncan and his role in instigating the demise of both Banquo and Fleance, as well as eventually engineering the deaths of Lady Macduff and her son. The paper also discusses the play's atypical elements in Shakespeare's tragedy formula -- such as the fact that Macbeth is more villain than hero in comparison to other well-known tragic characters. However, the paper concludes that since there is resolution for the survivors after Macbeth's death, the reader is truly able to see him as a tragic character.

From the Paper
"The reader detects a sense of urgency as the murders evolve - another characteristic of the tragic play. Macbeth is desperate to realize his ambition of becoming and remaining king. But his obsession drives him even further as he attempts to exterminate all those who might challenge or succeed him. Even as he proceeds down this ever-darkening course, Macbeth is aware that his flaw may prove fatal."

Tags:duncan, banquo, fleance, macduff, lady, tragedy, king

Abstract
The essay compares the poetic and narrative devices used by the authors to create a typical or atypical piece of the great canon of First World War literature. The pieces are discussed in terms of thematic and poetic contents and their relation to other pieces written about or during WWI.

From the Paper
"Extract A is a poem by Charlotte Mew; 'The Cenotaph' was written in 1919, a year after the war and explores a female perspective on both public and private mourning. In the extract, she describes the monument, the cenotaph, which was built as a lasting reminder of the Great War, some see it as a glorification, perhaps Mew's perspective and others as a reminder of the human cost of war. The chosen form of the poem marks this poem as a more typical piece of war literature in its style as the poem is the style most often associated with War literature perhaps due to the well known poems by Sassoon and Owen (e.g. 'Dulce et decorum est' Owen). "

Tags:soldier, death

Abstract
This well-researched paper defines the collaborative teaching method as an approach which is geared towards all students at various levels and abilities with the main goal being the optimum maintenance of a heterogeneous classroom. This paper details the background to this particular teaching concept which is an all inclusive methodology and philosophy intended to provide a consistent education potential for all students. This paper discusses the appeal of collaborative teaching while also detailing the common characteristics of this particular method including the atypical relationship that is formed between the teacher and the student. The writer contends and explains that one of the main advantages to this particular teaching style is the flexibility and openness that this method offers. This paper also examines the published reports which claims that not enough research has been done on the issue of inclusive and collaborative learning to definitively determine its effectiveness.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: Universal Design
Definition: Inclusive Classrooms and Teaching
Collaborative Teaching Definition
Legal Aspects
Collaborative and Inclusive Aspects of a Universal Design Environment
Conclusion: Advantages and Disadvantages
Bibliography

From the Paper
"An important aspect of the collaborative classroom is the sharing of authority - which is an aspect which also has raised concern among many educators. The theory is that, while previously the teacher would set all tasks and work assignments, in a collaborative or inclusive teaching environment the students are invited to participate. They can for example, "... set specific goals within the framework of what is being taught, provide options for activities and assignments that capture different student interests and goals, and encourage students to assess what they learn." The teacher would then guide the student, and suggest areas for further research and learning. The teacher is therefore seen more in the role of mediator and facilitator than a traditional authoritarian figure. This approach has a number of decided educational advantages. For example, mediation from teachers in this environment assists the strident to connect to the new information provided through his or her personal experiences - making the learning process more relevant."

Tags:teaching, curriculum, student, teacher, research

Abstract
This paper discusses that what is new about the social consciousness movement is who is doing it and the methodology. The paper explains that the most atypical, controversial and seemingly anti social performers, Eminem, Christina Aguilera and Pink, are reaching out to the young people and bringing a positive messages about real life, real feelings, and real hope. The paper discusses the music of these performers and their evolution to social conscious music.

From the Paper
"There may be no more controversial performer in popular music today than Marshall Mathers, AKA Eminem. Eminem has been portrayed as a misogynist, homophobic, foul-mouthed punk, but surprisingly he is at the forefront of the new music movement. This change is not going unnoticed. "Eminem's recent trend is to put out tracks with more of a meaning." In accordance with the new, more constructive musical philosophy, the song "Lose Yourself", from the 8 Mile soundtrack, is a brilliant anthem to believing in yourself."

Tags:methodology, controversial, performers, young, positive, messages, real, life, feelings, hope

Abstract
The author of this paper compares the characters of Tuffy and Spencer and the reasons behind their atypical life choices that differ in vocation and reputation. Rabbi has an inclination towards getting better and helping people turn better. Similarly Tuffy joins a self-improvement plan and runs for office to help people turn better.

From the Paper
"The main character of this book is a 19-year-old African American. His name is Winston Foshay but his obesity and the reputation that he has built around his 320-pound fat has earned him the title of Tuffy . Another parallel character in this book is that of Spencer Throckmorton whose vocation is in direct contrast with Tuffy s."

Tags:novel, character, compare, literature, african, american, jewish

Abstract
This is a short essay on the short story by John Cheever, "The Swimmer." It gives 3 specific reasons why Neddy Merrill, the main character, is an atypical Grail Hero (according to an essay on the story by Blythe and Sweet): the circular nature of Neddy's quest - to return home after swimming through all the waters of his county, the presence of the modern, disposable, meaningless world throughout the story, and the isolation that Neddy himself feels in this existentialist retelling of the Grail myth.

Tags:fisher, king

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Minutemen of the American Revolution. The writer seeks to understand their cultural significance in this period. By evaluating their lives, one can see how they were atypical of their times.