Abstract This argues that physical attractiveness, which has been a hotly debated topic for decades, is dependent on social factors. The author points out that these factors are socially dependent and not biologically dependent. The paper relates that the whole argument surround physical attractiveness centers on averageness.
From the Paper "The nature of physical attractiveness has been a hotly debated topic for decades. The basic argument focuses on whether physical attractiveness is more biologically or socially determined. This essay will argue that physical attractiveness is ultimately determined by social factors. Biological factors do provide the basic framework for determining what is physically attractive but the final determination of what is physically attractive is determined by social factors. This means that it can be argued that physically attractiveness is socially relative. The differences between the two theories of the nature of physical attractiveness are part of the larger debate of "nature and nurture"."
Abstract The paper discusses a study to determine whether there is an underlying commonality among all the different successful manifestation and law of attraction techniques used by people today. To this end, the paper analyzes a review of the peer-reviewed, popular literature, including a background and overview, a discussion of the law of attraction, and general manifestation methods related to it. The paper concludes with a summary of the research and salient findings.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Data Analysis
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "There is evidence of humankind's desire to manifest their thoughts into reality everywhere. Indeed, religions share a common theme of faith that suggests individual thought has power and can be used to effect change in their physical environment in various ways. Examples of this desire are also evident in the way people view the cosmos, with many believing that extraterrestrials routinely visit the Earth and so forth, while others seek evidence of cryptozoological specimens such as Bigfoot, the Loch Ness monster, et al., in the vanishing wildernesses of the planet. In this regard, people want and seem to need that their thoughts matter and that they can make a difference somehow. Over the millennia, different people have claimed to have achieved the ability to effect changes in the physical plane with their mere thoughts, but scientific evidence of such claims remains scant at best. Nevertheless, many people today remain firmly convinced that the manner in which they think about things can be used to achieve their personal goals and acquire material prosperity. While there are different approaches involved, practitioners of the methods used in the law of attraction are perfect examples of these individuals, and the law of attraction is discussed further below."
Abstract This paper attempts to determine the state of the visitor attractions sector in the UK. The paper first assesses the state of the UK visitor attractions sector, reporting on the size of the sector in terms of type and numbers of attractions, the number of visitors, turnover, and recent growth. The paper then examines the current issues that affect the sector in terms of market trends, factors within the business environment, government regulations and environmental concerns. Next, the paper puts forward an example of good practice by illustrating a particular attraction's response to the current issues identified. The paper concludes by reporting the state of the sector according to the findings, outlining any prospects for future growth, and it's vulnerability to external crisis and level of dependence on partnership working or public sector support.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Contents Page
Methodology/Procedures
Introduction
The UK Visitor Attraction Sector
Type of Attractions Size of the Sector
Number of Visitors to Attractions Turnover
Recent Growth
Current Issues that Affect the Sector
Market Trends
Factors Within Business Environment
Government Regulations
Environmental Concerns
An Example Of Good Practice
Crealy Adventure Park
Conclusion
From the Paper "Visitor Attractions rely on the UK 'Travel and Tourism Market' which accounted for nearly 227 million trips taken in 2006. This was a significant decrease of 3.5% from the previous year. Of those trips, 126.3 million, (55.6%) were made in the 'domestic market', which equated to a significant 8.9% decrease in trips compared to 2005. The 'inbound market' showed an increase of 7.2%, up to 32.1 million trips, and outbound trips showed an increase of 3.2% to 68.5 million. The number of trips undertaken can directly affect visitor numbers to the attractions sector."
Tags: heritage, sites, strong, growth, regeneration, disposable, income
Abstract Physical attraction affects nearly every aspect of human life, from choosing partners to influencing attributional perceptions. Since physical appeal plays a huge role in the attraction between opposite sexes, there has been much study devoted to this aspect in particular. This paper refers to Amanda Gardner's article, "Opposites Don't Always Attract", which discusses the outcome of research that tries to explain physical attraction in a generalized manner. The paper examines just how important physical attractiveness is in order to find a partner.
From the Paper "However it is virtually impossible to generalize human relationships into standard rules or definitions, as in real life situations there are more complex factors to be considered. Finally we cannot ignore the character of a person when we discuss the attraction between the opposite sexes. A person beaming with inner beauty though lacking in external appearance may appeal more to the opposite sex."
Abstract This paper presents an experiment that attempts to determine if personality has a certain role pertaining to evaluating a person's attractiveness or if physical appearance is the determining factor in rating attractiveness. The proposed hypothesis in the paper is that people shown a picture along with a personality profile will rate the individual significantly differently in attractiveness than an individual who is shown only a picture. In the experiment, the dependent variable is attractiveness and the independent variable is a personality profile containing abilities, attitude, traits and background. Participants in the experiment were given a survey that asked them to rate, on a 7 point Likert Scale, how attractive the people in the photographs appeared. Although there was a slight difference between the two sample groups, that difference was not significant.
From the Paper "In the Noor and Evans (2003) experiment only women photographs were used and a 44-item Big-Five Inventory was used. The statistical analysis used was a one-way test, within-subjects ANOVA. There was a pretest with 57 participants to rate the pictures. The ANOVA revealed no significant main effect manipulation on rating of attractiveness. The pictures of asymmetrical faces were comparably attractive to the pictures of normal and symmetrical faces. Symmetry appeared to have a significant effect on ratings of personality. The experiment established an effect of facial symmetry on personality ratings, but failed to determine if facial symmetry had a significant effect on perceptions of attractiveness. Overall, the experiment supported predictions that facial symmetry affects personality impressions."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that successful copulation and reproduction has been propagated by the human species for millions of years. The writer points out that this process has been studied and researched for centuries to determine the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction. The field of evolutionary psychology has attempted to do so, and derives evidence from psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, comparative zoology, sociology, behavioral genetics, and many other fields. The writer discusses that through such studies, more insight may be gained as to sexual attraction, mate choices, and social decisions regarding sex and relationship between men and women. The writer maintains that there is no doubt that human beings will continue mating and reproducing, yet the whole process continues to have a mysterious aura surrounding it. The writer then concludes that although study after study has been conducted, the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction are still elusive.
Outline:
Introduction
Evolutionary Function of Orgasms
What Men and Women Find Attractive Social vs. Sexual Attraction Conclusion
From the Paper "This modern day psychology of the human male is no doubt an offshoot from his male ancestors who were physiologically urged to over-reproduce to insure survival of the species.
"Women, on the other hand, do not appear to have such a physiological or psychological need to procreate with multiple males, as women do not compete with other female ova during sexual encounters. Therefore, short-term sexual partners for women may function only to evaluate possible long-term mates, and serve more of a social function whether than a sexual or reproductive one."
Presents the results of an experiment which combines the matching theory with the studies of infidelity, to determine if there is a causal relationship between the attractiveness level of the male adulterer and that of his mistress.
Abstract This paper discusses the result of research which placed 200 male undergraduate participants in a 4x3 mixed factorial design to determine if the physical attractiveness stereotype applied to adultery. Participants were assigned to 4 conditions. Each group was presented with a scenario depicting the character "John" committing adultery with one of 3 women. The first independent variable was the manipulation of the attractiveness level of "John". "John" was presented as either an unattractive, average, or attractive man. A "no picture" group was created to measure the participant's base line response. The participants were then asked to indicate which woman (unattractive, average, or attractive) "John" was having an affair with. The paper shows that results indicated that the matching hypothesis does occur in situations of infidelity. Evolutionary implications and reasoning are also discussed.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Method
Discussion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Women look for a man whose appearance indicates a means to acquire resources and the ability to protect/care for any potential offspring (Townsend, 1990). These cues, coming from an evolutionary standpoint, are also very logical. Women have much more at stake than men do when it comes to child bearing. Females seek a mate that exhibits traits that imply that he will be able to provide for her during her pregnancy, since during those 9 months she will be unable to provide for her self (in an ancestral hunter-gatherer society). If the women in question does not embody the traits men find desirable, she will have to look for a man that is lower on the attractiveness ladder."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that tourism is mainly based on geographical attractions, which include beautiful scenery, exciting and/or exotic locations, among others. The writer points out that the reasons for which people choose various tourist locations differ according to needs, preferences and affordability. The writer explains that heritage tourism is an example of tourist activity that allows people to enrich their basis of knowledge and information. Further, the writer notes that heritage tourism or cultural tourism is a branch of tourism offering the cultural dimension of the location where tourism occurs as the main value. Historical sites are usually the main attraction in this case. The writer discusses that the main coordinates of heritage tourism include culture, historic information, interaction with the local people and eventually, a perceived sense of adventure.
From the Paper "Heritage tourism or cultural tourism is a branch of tourism offering the cultural dimension of the location where tourism occurs as the main value. Historical sites are usually the main attraction in this case. The main coordinates of heritage tourism include culture, historic information, interaction with the local people and eventually, a perceived sense of adventure. Heritage tourism allows people to get in touch with the past. At the same time, it is important to mention that it contributes to the preservation of the cultural heritage itself."
"The products that heritage tourism offers can be customer oriented. From this point of view, one could speak about creative tourism. Creative tourism is based on the principle of interactivity."
Abstract This paper analyzes Bret Easton Ellis's novel, "The Rules of Attraction", a commentary on society's loss of family values where the pages are filled with the characters? mindless bouts with sex, drugs and alcohol. It questions why each character accepts the meaningless, arbitrary sexual and drug-related acts they commit on a regular basis and attributes the answer to the idea that true love is unobtainable and senseless sex is the only thing that is real. Ellis has created a world where everybody loves someone who loves somebody else or who does not care to love anyone.
From the Paper "From the very first sentence of the novel, the reader can see that The Rules of Attraction will offer no fulfilling conclusion. The book begins in the middle of a sentence. If there is no clear opening to the story, how can it be concluded in a standard sense? The sentence also runs on for roughly 13 lines. It is Lauren discussing the loss of her virginity. The passage is amazing though because in its several lines it provides no real information. The sentence is pointless because Lauren only remembers flashes of the experience, not including the date of the event or the man present."
Abstract This paper looks at the new marketing strategies being used by Estee Lauder International in their bids to enter and break into the Asian beauty market. It examines the differences in culture and concepts of "beauty" and what Asian women consider to be attractive. It also discusses which Estee Lauder products would be successful for Asian features.
From the Paper "In 2002, Estee Lauder plans to bring the younger and fresher image to accentuate the brand for the existing customers in the US and Europe. The decision to establish new campaign in four different seasons this year is a fresh splash on public recognition. Using the new strategy, the companies can also advantage from the new look to penetrate deeper into the less explored international market."
Abstract The paper discusses how to attract more convention business to a city. The economic benefits of conventions and expositions are outlined. The paper addresses the issues of space--hotel facilities, exhibit space. It also looks at monetary issues.
Abstract This paper explores the use of highly attractive models (HAMS) for advertising beauty products and attempts to settle the question that has plagued the advertising industry and their clients of whether HAMS may actually have a negative impact on the viewer rather than a positive one. The paper sets the research objectives and explores the theoretical basis for the proposal. It also applies the theories to advertising in both the print and television media and examines the research model including key constructs and relationships.
Outline:
Background
Significance
Research Objectives
Theoretical Background
Research Model
Conclusion
From the Paper "Several theories can be used to explain how people view models in both television and magazine ads. The most well-known is Festinger's social comparison theory, which is the foundation of modern advertising theory. Festinger (1954) introduced the theory that humans possess an innate drive to evaluate their opinions and abilities by comparing them to the opinions and abilities of others. According to this theory, people only evaluate themselves against others that are similar to themselves. If the model is viewed as too different, then they will not use them for social comparison. Stuart Hall introduced the idea that the audience could attribute several possible meanings to the message conveyed by the media and that this message is influenced by the context and cultural background of the receiver (Tomlinson, 1991). "
Abstract This paper analyzes the biological perceptive of male to female pair bonding. It particularly discusses human pair bonding in relationship to hormone production, as well as olfactory and visual information. The paper looks at a few of the many subjects and variables that affect attraction between the sexes, both physically and psychologically.
From the Paper "Moreover, large eyes, small nose, small chin, prominent cheekbones, narrow cheeks high eyebrows, large pupils and large smile were correlated with attractiveness in females (Cunningham, 1986). Females with greater eye height, smaller nose area, greater cheekbone, and a wider smile were positively correlated with intelligence. Greater eye height and width, smaller nose area, wider cheekbones, higher eyebrows, wider pupils and wider smiles were seen to be more sociable. Assertiveness was correlated with only greater eye height, smaller nose area, and a wider smile (Cunningham, 1986)."
Abstract This paper examines how sexuality in advertising serves several purposes. The prevalent view is that sex itself is appealing, so it gets people to pay attention to the advertising message surrounding it and there is also a shock value that has become more and more important to some advertisers for the same reason--to get the attention of the consumer. It looks at how American advertisers know that sex sells products and how they use sex in ways both overt and subtle, depending on the product and the campaign. It evaluates how much of our culture is based on physical attractiveness and its power to persuade, to attract, to influence and succeed and how sex is used in advertising as an expression of physical attractiveness. It analyzes how the advertising media clearly believe in the power of physical attractiveness to persuade and how spokespersons for products and other people used in television commercials and print ads tend to be physically attractive far beyond the norm in society.
From the Paper "Cialdini (1985) discusses the reasons why people are persuaded to take action, and while physical attractiveness is included as one of the reasons for a person's being persuasive, the author notes that recent findings indicate that this is an even greater advantage than it was once believed to be. Attractive people seem to elicit an immediate response from others predisposing these others to accept their message. The research indicates that we automatically assign to attractive individuals certain favorable traits, such as talent, kindness, honesty, and intelligence, and we make these judgments without being aware that we are being influenced by physical attractiveness. Cialdini finds much of this research unsettling for its implications as to how we make decisions, including evidence showing that our judicial system is also influenced by this same factor: "It now appears that unless they have used their attractiveness to commit a crime. . . good-looking people are likely to receive highly favorable treatment in the legal system" (Cialdini, 1985, 167)."
Examines the traits of Bathsheba in Thomas Hardy's novel "Far from the Madding Crowd" and relates these with her relationships with the three men in her life.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 46.95
Abstract This paper analyzes Thomas Hardy's character Bathsheba Everdene from the novel ?Far from the Madding Crowd.? It focuses on her personality traits and how these traits attracted her to each of the three men in her life. It also analyzes these three men to a lesser degree, but only in relation to her.
From the paper:
?In the Thomas Hardy novel Far from the Madding Crowd, the most interesting aspect of the book is most assuredly the interaction between Bathsheba Everdene and her three admirers. The plot was centered around those relationships, and there would not have been much of a storyline had those encounters been removed. It is therefore desirable to know as much as possible about what made these suitors attractive to Bathsheba, as it would provide great insight into her character as well as lead to a more complete understanding of the book. With a little analysis, it can be seen that the personality traits in Bathsheba that led to her attraction to Sergeant Troy, Farmer Boldwood, and Gabriel Oak, respectively, are her most primary and basic tendencies, and add much to her complexity.?
Tags: analysis, bathsheba, boldwood, character, gabriel, hardy, literature, victorian, york
