Abstract This paper discusses attentiondeficitdisorder, or ADD, and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, and states that they are increasingly frequent problems occurring among today's youth. The paper then discusses how individuals with ADD or ADHD face elevated risks of drug and alcohol abuse because of not only their behavioral problems, but also the physical and psychological conditions associated with the attentiondisorders themselves. In addition, the paper describes the aspects of ADD and ADHDH that promote conflict and enhance the situations that can lead to substance abuse.
From the Paper "Interestingly, the various profiles associated with attention deficit disorders seem each in its own way to produce the same result of increased risk of substance abuse in adolescence and adulthood. Those diagnosed with ADHD-IA are characterized largely by the sluggish processing of information, a behavioral and cognitive realty that leads directly to academic problems and difficulties with peers. In contrast, those diagnosed with ADHD-HI and ADHD-C will make careless mistakes, impulsively break rules, or do other things which may bring them into direct conflict with authority figures and peers. Each of these difficulties can be seen as a potential for future substance abuse because each one in some way relates to the idea of excess stress, or possible feelings of helplessness or persecution."
Abstract The paper discusses the definition and symptoms of both attentiondeficitdisorder (ADD) and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The paper discusses the treatment of children with ADHD and ADD that includes stimulants, anti-depressant medications and behavior training. The paper points out that effective treatment is hampered by the fact that ADHD symptoms are difficult to diagnose.
Outline:
Symptoms
Treatment
From the Paper "ADD and ADHD are related disorders with many common symptoms. Both ADD and ADHD sufferers, for example, can exhibit two main symptoms. The most common symptom is inattention. People with ADHD can exhibit trouble focusing on specific tasks and often find it difficult to remember and organize their work (Greer).
"The next group of symptoms falls under impulsiveness. ADHD sufferers can be prone to rash actions because they have difficulty concentrating long enough to solve a problem. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that ADHD sufferers also find it hard to maintain strong personal relationships (Greer). As a result, they have no one to turn to for help in making well-informed decisions."
This paper discusses attentiondeficitdisorder/attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD) and looks at the effects it has on high school students.
Abstract In this article, the writer first provides a definition for AD and HD disorders. The writer explains that both attentiondeficitdisorder and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD / ADHD) are neuro chemical disorders that are diagnosed by medical doctors and psychologists. The writer points out that the main symptoms of these disorders are inattention, impulsiveness and sometimes hyperactivity. The writer then discusses these disorders with relation to high school children. The writer examines the effects these disorders have on the school lives of such children.
Outline:
Introduction
Traits of Students with AD/HD
Teaching Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper "Problems with AD/HD can become more severe in junior high and high school because students are expected to be more organized, while the school is less organized. The students have different teachers for each subject. They must go to their lockers, accurately choose what they need in a short period of time, and travel between classes. Their teachers do not know them as well because they don't have the student for the entire day. The student's strengths may not be noticed in those short periods of time. The student has to keep assignments straight from many teachers and once again make sure he takes the right materials home. Students with AD/HD often have marked difficulty with organization, and all these factors can aggravate that problem."
Abstract This paper presents an examination of attentiondeficitdisorder (ADD) and the argument that it is over-diagnosed. The writer explores the disorder and discusses its manifestations, medications and why there are experts who believe it is being diagnosed at random.
Outline:
Introduction
The Causes of ADD Misdiagnosis
Analysis
From the Paper "The science of ADD is becoming more clear but as of today, there still is not a definitive way to diagnosis whether or not a child has ADD. Medical research has linked the possibility of genetics to the disorder, however, there is also a school of thought that a chaotic home environment contributes to many cases being diagnosed. While it has been demonstrated that there probably is a disorder that is ADD and the symptoms are common to those who have it, the time has come to step back and ask society whether or not the children of America are being over diagnosed and over medicated. "
Abstract This paper studies the use of Ritalin and other pharmaceutical options in treating children with attentiondeficitdisorder (ADD) and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). After providing an overview of the disorder and its diagnosis in children, the paper then analyzes the efficacy and controversy over using Ritalin and other drugs (including dextroamphetamines) to treat ADD/ADHD. The author looks at dosing suggestions and potential side-effects, concluding that the benefits of Ritalin -- when properly proscribed and used -- outweigh the risks.
From the Paper "Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and its close relative Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are neurological developmental disabilities which are known to effect between 3-5% of school age youth. Scientists have suggested that the disorders are genetically transmitted. Research has not definitively shown that either disorder is chemically based, although some doctors believe that ADD/ADHD are caused by a chemical imbalance in specific neurotransmitters that normally help the brain regulate behavior. The National Institute of Mental Health has shown, however, that subjects with ADD or ADHD have a lower rate of glucose usage in the brain - glucose being the brain's primary source of energy. However, Merck states that less than 5% of children with the disorder show any signs of neurologic damage or structural abnormality in the brain."
Abstract The paper explains that attentiondeficitdisorder (ADD) is classified as a biological disorder for which prescription medications have been proven effective in treating it. These currently include Ritalin, Concerta and Adderall. The paper relates that the disorder affects mostly children and many are concerned with the fact that children are being medicated by strong prescription drugs. The paper discusses how doctors believe that medication may be the best treatment for the disorder due to its high success rate. The paper contends that the main critics of these medications and their use in children are people who do not fully understand what ADD is. Thus, their objections can not be given credibility.
From the Paper "Because widespread knowledge of ADD is recent and also because the disorder affects mostly children, many are concerned with the fact they these children are being medicated by strong prescription drugs. Many even feel that these children are being overmedicated when there are other less potent treatments which doctors could consider for the treatment of the disorder. Furthermore, some even argue that the drugs which are prescribed for these children have not been studied long enough to assess the long term effect they will have on their growing bodies. However, the affects of these drugs have been studied and these medications may be the best treatment for people suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder."
Abstract This paper explains the history of the use of methylphenidate (Ritalin) as the drug of choice for treating individuals, usually children, who have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD). Next, the author identifies the positive results and negative side effects of this use of Ritalin. The paper outlines the ways that the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 504, affect children with ADD/ADHD in terms of their evaluation, treatment, prescription of Ritalin and separation from the rest of their fellow classmates. Finally, the paper argues that people need to know about the many alternatives to treating children with ADD/ADHD so that they can make the right choice about whether to use Ritalin.
From the Paper "According to Mrs. Garner's observation the student is labeled ADD/ADHD and is placed under section 504, CFR chapter 104 and every thing is fine as long as he takes his medication. Now the student doesn't have to meet the same expectations in the
classroom as other students. Plus when ever the student doesn't want to do his homework or take a closed book test he doesn't have to. He can simply complain to his parents or school administrators and he will make through elementary school and middle school by taking the easy road because it afforded to him."
This paper discusses attentiondeficitdisorder and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder and looks at how the lives of adolescents are being affected.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that more and more children are being referred to mental health professionals to seek help for behaviors that are no longer being seen as just part of growing up. The writer notes that loss of attention span, impulsivity, hyperactivity and becoming easily bored are now being seen as symptoms to diagnose attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and attentiondeficitdisorder (ADD) in both boys and girls. The writer maintains that although ADD and ADHD are recognized to be real behavioral disorders, both of these disorders are being over diagnosed and overmedicated in children and adolescents. The writer discusses the alternative treatments for ADD/ADHD that do not require medication. The writer concludes that individuals and their families need to realize that if they truly believe that they are afflicted with such a disorder then there are ways to deal with it that are not mainstream. Research and knowledge are the way to go when trying to find the most successful therapy around.
From the Paper "Next, are the girls labeled with the hyper-social form of ADHD. These girls talk at breakneck speed about anything and everything; they jump from topic to topic and interrupt frequently. This description sounds like the greater part of girls in this age population due to the fact that girls are just social creatures. The next group includes girls that engage in various dangerous behaviors. This type is most readily diagnosed because it's easy to spot and fits the traditional profile of a child with ADHD. Symptoms include; impulsivity, risk-taking behavior, hyperactivity, engaging in dangerous behaviors such as climbing or throwing things, or lashing out. Once again this simply sounds like a girl that probably has brothers and wants to be one of the guys. This definition is basically saying that girls who are tomboys or do not fit into the traditional role of what it means to be female, obviously have something wrong with them and need to be medicated."
Abstract This paper analyzes the increase in the number of children identified as suffering from AttentionDeficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder, or AD(H)D. Two pertinent areas are debated in an attempt to provide a logical solution to developing coping strategies for the child, as well as his or her educators and family. One, the writer believes that the escalation of ADD/ADHD cases is, in part, due to inappropriate developmental expectations that cause some learners to be regarded as 'learning disabled' or underachievers. Two, because our schools and culture esteem the highly articulate or logical people in our society, uniform teaching methods in the classroom should be reviewed to also include alternative teaching methods that recognize diverse intelligences, so that individuals with a unique way of thinking and learning are recognized and acknowledged and not marginalized. The paper also includes information on pharmacological treatment and psycho-social therapeutic techniques as relevant treatment for children diagnosed with ADD/ADHD.
Outline
Introduction
Definition of ADD/ADHD
Symptoms
Thesis Statement
Developmental Expectations
Alternative Teaching Philosophy
Treatment
Pharmacological Treatment
Psychosocial Therapeutic Techniques
Conclusion
From the Paper "Sometimes the term 'attention deficit disorder', referred to as ADD, is used as an alternative to describing 'hyperactivity' at the severe end of the spectrum. ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. This mental condition is under-recognized and includes symptoms such as forgetfulness, poor academic performance, difficulty completing tasks and being easily distracted. Children suffering from ADHD are also fidgety and inclined to interrupt others. "ADHD is also characterized by multiple symptoms of persistent and dysfunctional patterns of over-activity, impulsiveness, inattention, and distractibility". (Behavior Disorders, 2003). Severe hyperactivity is also called hyperkinetic disorder, which is only diagnosed when all three main features - impulsiveness, over-activity and inattention - are present. In addition, the presence of these traits should be consistent at school and at home and have to be placed in the context of the overall development of the child."
Abstract This paper discusses the use of Ritalin in treating AttentionDeficitDisorder (ADD) as well as AttentionDeficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). An explanation of ADD is discussed as well as the controversy surrounding the use of Ritalin in treating these affected children.
Abstract This paper discusses ADD in general, offering a background understanding and explanation on diagnosis of the disorder. It continues to describe how to set up a proper learning environment with regards to physical education and children with ADD. Lastly the author offers an observation of three children with ADD within their learning environment. Also included is an extensive list of suggested reading material on the topic.
Diagnosis of AttentionDeficitDisorder/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Establishing the Proper Learning Environment
A Short Observation of Three ADD Children In Terms of Their Physical Education Experiences
Bibliography
Suggested Reading
From the Paper "Because children with ADD do not handle changes well, competitive team sports may be very distressful for them, as team sports are a study in physical changes and disruptions. Studies have shown that ADD children do better with sports where they compete against their own best scores. For boys this might include weight lifting, gymnastics and track and field rather than football, baseball or basketball. For girls, aerobics, gymnastics, dance and track and field would be better than soccer or softball."
Tags: school, environment, student, teacher, sport
Abstract This paper discusses what is has been like living with attentiondeficitdisorder (ADD) from the point of view the uncle of this paper's author. The paper explains that the uncle was not diagnosed with ADD until he was an adult, but that the diagnosis explains a lot of the uncle's past and present behavior. The paper also explains that, overall, being diagnosed has been beneficial for the uncle and also points out that not all characteristics associated with ADD are necessarily negative and some, in fact, are quite positive.
From the Paper "I chose to write about Attention Deficit Disorder because an uncle of mine (I will call him "Uncle Bill") was recently diagnosed with it. Uncle Bill is about 40 years old and admits he has had a hard time living a normal adult life. He is glad he was diagnosed but also a little confused. According to the research I have found, it is called "ADD" or "ADHD" or "AD/HD," the abbreviation used in DSM-IV. Sources say that it has to begin in childhood but often lasts throughout life, making problems for the person as an adult as well as during childhood (Arcus, 2001). According to Uncle Bill, who was willing to talk to me quite freely about this, his would have been diagnosed in childhood except that when he was a child, his doctor tells him, it was often overlooked. Research I found say that from 3% - 9% of children may have AD/HD. (Smucker & Hedayat, 2001)."
Abstract AttentionDeficitDisorder (ADD) or AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a problem that affects both children and adults. It has, however, only recently been recognized as a serious problem impacting a significant minority of children. The paper shows that recent findings regarding the link between ADHD and psychosocial dimensions have led experts to believe that this disorder can be controlled successfully using specific methods of behavior management. The paper examines methods of helping ADHD children manage this disorder, focusing on elementary school age.
From the Paper "The important thing to remember is that children with ADHD are not willfully disobedient. They are not intentionally disrupting the classroom, but struggling with a disorder that has certain manifestations. The best way to work with these children is to recognize that fact, accept it, and work with the children to help them learn how to manage their own behavior. It is not possible to control children from the outside, even with the use of drugs. Instead, the children must be engaged in the effort to change their behaviors to more effective and appropriate ones through techniques that allow them to gain gradual mastery (Kirby and Kirby, 1994)."
Abstract AttentionDeficitDisorder (ADD) is a neurological syndrome whose classic symptoms include impulsivity, distractibility, and hyperactivity or excess energy, while AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) shows the predominance of hyperactivity as a characteristic. This paper presents an overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of these syndromes and examines how they can be dealt with in a school setting.
From the Paper "The result for the child who has both ADHD and specific learning disabilities are basically the same: difficulties thinking, speaking, calculating, reading, spelling, and listening. Many researchers have argued that ADD/ADHD is seriously over-diagnosed because it is a convenient label for children who are overly active, distractible, irritable or who have short attention spans. However, if a trained evaluator finds that the child manifests a majority of the behaviors of ADD/ADHD when being tested, it is easy for the evaluator not to look further for any other possibilities for the child's behavior. Because these symptoms can be confused with other conditions, and because the symptoms may not appear in all settings, using multiple sources of information can provide the evaluator with a better insight in how the child functions in different environments and in different areas of development."
This paper looks at the effects of the drug Ritalin given to AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and AttentionDeficitDisorder (ADD) children.
Abstract This paper looks at the debate surrounding the use of Ritalin, especially the misuse among children under the age of six. The paper details what ADD and ADHD are, how they are diagnosed and treated and what the growth in the number of children being diagnosed with these disorders has done to the use of Ritalin. The paper looks at several different issues including treatment of adolescents, teenagers and young adults. It also addresses the issue of a lack of research being conducted into the affects that this drug has on children and adolescents.
The paper has an extensive bibliography, but is without footnotes, or endnotes.
From the Paper "Children who take Ritalin note that they are more goal directed, they are able to stay focused on their schoolwork, are less aggressive and are more docile and compliant. The effects of the drug usually are seen within 30 to 60 minutes after taking it. The peak occurs within one to three hours and the influences are gone in 3 to 5 hours. The sustained release form, effects last 6 to 8 hours. It is entirely metabolized and out of the system within 12 to 24 hours. The dose is usually taken twice a day. The Physicians Desk Reference lists more than 25 side effects that can be seen while taking Ritalin. Some of these include nausea, insomnia, headaches, weight loss, slowing of growth, compulsive behaviors, elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure and Tourette syndrome. Regardless of the evidence that this drug has damaging side effects, doctors still ignore a safer solution. Non drug approaches for children are also underfunded."
