Abstract
This paper first defines and classifies panic attacks. The writer discusses diagnostic criteria and looks into the causes of panic attacks. In this paper, the writer examines what panic attacks are and how they relate to anxiety disorders. The writer also discusses why panic attacks are so frequently misunderstood.

From the Paper
"The American Psychiatric Association see DSM IV defines anxiety disorders as a group of diagnosable disorders with certain shared features and certain clinical distinctions. The anxiety disorders are typically classified according to the severity and duration of their symptoms and specific behavioral characteristics. The classification categories include; Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) which is long-lasting and low-grade, Panic disorder which has more dramatic symptoms, Phobias Performance anxiety, Obsessive-compulsive ... "

Tags:panic, attacks

Abstract
The conception that sharks are creatures dangerous to human beings and who will attack with no warning is a prevalent one. In this paper the author examines a number of incidents where sharks were reported to have attacked human beings and attempts to discover the reality between the reports and actual events. In addition, the author attempts to investigate the factors causing such attacks and to discover if, in fact, the shark is a "man eater"

From the Paper
"Under the stillness of even the calmest of seas an age-old drama plays out. Countless times, creatures designed for locating, stalking, chasing, and then tearing into living flesh closes in on its doomed prey. Its efficient design, mouth filled with teeth meant to sink into its prey and never let go, and its swimming speed, agility, and intelligence all but ensure hunting success. After a brief chase, a shark catches up to its prey, its jaws clamp down tightly, and it is all over: just in the same way that the bottle nosed dolphin that humans adore captures another helpless herring in its mouth."

Tags:shark hysteria fear, shark attacks, divers sea beach, man eater

Abstract
This paper reviews the use of attack helicopters by the United States Army in Afghanistan, with consideration of changes in military doctrine for the future operational deployment of these forces.

From the Paper
"The experiences of the United States Army with attack helicopter operations in Afghanistan provide the basis for continued development of military doctrine for attack helicopter units that will lead to even greater battlefield successes in the future."

Tags:Air, assault, operations, Attack, Helicopter, Reconnaissance, and, attack, mission, Close-support, attack, mission, Urban-warfare, mission

Abstract
An essay addressing the spectrum of effects of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States and across countries. The paper's focus is on the secondary effects beyond the immediate devastation in the attack zones.

From the Paper
"The terrorist attacks that occurred in the United States on 11 September created significant secondary effects far beyond the immediate devastation that occurred in the attack zones. The secondary effects were and are relevant to people within the United States and people in all other countries. With respect to people in some countries outside of the United States, the terrorist attacks of September were and are important, because their countries also are terrorist targets. (Smith) For people in countries outside of the United States who live..."

Tags:Terrorist attacks, 9/11

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of distributed denial of service attacks and how to use predictive analysis to detect such attacks on computer networks.

From the Paper
"Denial of service attacks receive considerable media attention because they have the ability to shut down the Net or at least portions of it. Businesses and individuals alike have come to depend on the World Wide Web for commerce, entertainment and information and the realization that the Web is vulnerable to attack causes concern. Defending against denial of service attacks is an important part of an organization's security plan but can be difficult to accomplish because of ..."

Tags:DDOS, DOS, Distributed denial of service attacks, denial of service

Abstract
The paper relates that Transient Ischemic Attack or TIA is akin to having a stroke except the symptoms tend to disappear within 24 hours -- longer than 24 hours is considered a stroke. The paper discusses how new research shows that TIA victims are at much larger risk of suffering a real stroke than the general population so hopitalization is immediately suggested.

From the Paper
"A transient ischemic attack (TIA) may not seem like an emergency. The symptoms however are nearly identical to a stroke, and are by definition temporary, lasting no longer than 24 hours and often subsiding within 20 minutes. However, attitudes are changing about TIAs especially recently, with new evidence suggesting TIAs are common and important harbingers of subsequent high risk stroke in the days to weeks after a TIA, confirmed by several large studies (Davis, 1999, p. 2). Nevertheless management parameters vary widely with little emphasis on urgency, and most published..."

Tags:transient, ischemic, attack

Abstract
The paper highlights the entwined American reactions to the September 11 attacks and the Pearl Harbor attacks. The paper illustrates the similarities in which the over-prevailing backgrounds of each event created reactions to the devastating measures that promptly gave escalation to the wars that have been fought. The paper also looks at the integration of the memory of Pearl Harbor in American reactions to September 11 attacks. Subsequently, the paper reflects on the similarities in repercussions of the attacks on the Pearl Harbor, as well as the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11.

Outline
Thesis Statement
Paper Summary
Recalling the Attack on Pearl Harbor after the Attacks on September 11
Indications Leading to the Attacks
Institutional Weakness
The Use of Technology in the Attacks
The Interest-Terror Disparity
The Aftermath of Pearl Harbor and September 11 Attack
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor and the attacks by Al Qaeda on September 11 had many similarities. Some of these similarities have been presented in this paper. However, several more situations of contrasts are likely amid the attack on Pearl Harbor and the attack on September 11. In the Second World War, at Pearl Harbor, the American military under President Roosevelt had blocked approximately 8 percent of the Japanese force from either fulfilling its vicious objectives or retreating back to Japan. During the attacks on the September 11, airplane travelers prevented 25 percent of the Al Qaeda force from fulfilling its evil designs, avoiding an American icon from stern harm or complete obliteration. American intelligence agencies gave out a warning for war prior to the attack on the Pearl Harbor in the Second World War, and the American military had been able to counter the opponent. However, on September 11, intelligence agencies did report of likely terrorization attempts by Al Qaeda terrorist but these reports had not been converted into a forceful caution under President Bush, and the American military had been unsuccessful in getting in the way of the suicidal operation of Al Qaeda."

Tags:al, qaeda, japan, world, war, two

Abstract
The paper addresses two categories of panic attack; the first is actual panic attack while the second is panic disorder. The paper explains that transition to the second stage occurs through a process of anxiety caused by the initial panic attack which leads to intense anxiety about subsequent attacks and increases the likelihood of further attacks (Grillon & Lissek, 2008). The paper discusses how the etiology of panic attack is grounded in the relation between anxiety and anticipation and forms the basis for nursing interventions and the person who is experiencing panic attack needs immediate although short-term relief which is best provided by pharmacology. The care plan for a very typical case of panic attack is provided in the context of a discussion of research and empirical evidence related to the etiology and treatment of panic attack. the paper shows how panic attack is an example of a disorder where etiology directly informs both the choice of pharmacological treatment and other therapies.

From the Paper
"Two categories of panic attack are observed; the first is actual panic attack while the second is panic disorder. The transition to the second stage occurs through a process of anxiety caused by the initial panic attack which leads to intense anxiety about subsequent attacks and increases the likelihood of further attacks (Grillon & Lissek, 2008). The etiology of panic attack is grounded in the relation between anxiety and anticipation and forms the basis for nursing interventions. The person who is experiencing panic attack needs immediate although short-term relief..."

Tags:panic, management, treatment

Abstract
This paper presents a hypothetical terror attach on Yankee Stadium, further describing security concerns, the role of the police department and the potential for casualties. The paper notes the importance of risk/threat assessment and contingency planning and methods for gathering intelligence prior to and in order to prevent an attack. It also cites the potential weapons that could be used, and how recovery following an attack should be managed. The paper concludes by stating that in order to prevent a terrorist attack at Yankee Stadium, measure must be taken to mitigate any potential threats.

Outline:

Introduction
Terrorist Attack - Planning Phase
Terrorist Attack - Tactical Elements
Terrorist Attack - Risk/Threat Assessment and Contingency Planning
Contingency Planning, Recommendations and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Ironically, the issue of centralized command and authority is also an issue on the law enforcement end, particularly with regard to counterterrorism intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination (Larsen, 2007). The nation's lead domestic counterterrorism agency is the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI or "Bureau"), which despite its storied history and capabilities, is not ideally suited to this purpose. Specifically, the Bureau has always been decentralized, with substantially independent field offices in every state and headquarters in Washington, DC. The nature of contemporary terrorist threats such as the Yankee Stadium plot is much better suited to a highly centralized agency that emphasizes coordination of its satellite offices nationwide. Moreover, the FBI is designed primarily as a law enforcement organization that responds to crimes, collects and analyzes evidence, and prosecutes perpetrators at the highest level. However, the lead role in counterterrorism should be dedicated to detection during the planning stage and prevention and not apprehension and prosecution after the fact."

Tags:tactical law enforcement, terror cells, homeland security, Christian Identity groups

Abstract
This paper explains what an Internet spoofing attack is and discusses how operating systems are affected as well as the protocols that are vulnerable to spoofing attacks. The paper also describes the damages and consequences for individual users and businesses that are victims of these attacks and looks at methods of protecting against them. Finally, the paper identifies the measures that can be taken to alleviate the stresses of these attacks after they occur.

Outline:
Definition
Systems Affected, Protocols Used, Methods of Exploitation
Damages and Consequences
Protecting Against Attacks
Eliminating or Reducing Effects of Attack

From the Paper
"Any operating system can be affected by some kind of spoofing attack. A spoofing attack might be as simple as a fallaciously reproduced webpage or e-mail phishing attempt, to which any gullible user might fall victim. These are some of the milder forms of spoofing attacks because their success relies on user error. Other spoofing attacks are more difficult to detect and thus more malicious.
"Any operating system with weak Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is especially vulnerable to spoofing. A particularly malicious type of spoofing attack is one in which the attacker modifies Internet packets, forging a return address. The return address could be fake, bogging down the system as it tries to deliver information to nowhere, or it could be the attacker's actual return address, allowing for interception of private data. This latter type of spoofing attack is one type of man-in-the-middle attack. Additionally, TCP spoofing is often used to strengthen certain types of Denial of Service attacks, such as SYN attacks."

Tags:protocols, security, protection, data, interception