Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper compares the tenets of attachment parenting to the teachings and culture of Native Americans in terms of birth-bonding, breast-feeding on the cues of the infant, bed-sharing, baby-wearing, and the belief in the signal value of the infant's cry.

Abstract
This paper looks at Native American Women and focuses on the changes in life that the Europeans brought to Native American women, and the struggles that began. It further discusses the stereotypes that forever influenced these women's lives and relates how these misconceptions still affect Native American women of today.

From the Paper
"The perceptions that have historically been applied to Native American women have often been that they have always been subservient beings, abused by their husbands, who have no choice in their personal destinies (Hoxie). Throughout time various individuals have contended that Native American women were mere shadows in the existence of tribal men, and that slavery was not uncommon for them because it was an element of the world that they were born into. Yet, the research will demonstrate that these philosophies about Native American women were subjective analysis of females that were unknown to those providing critique. It will further show that beneath these suppositions existed the lives of people that historically made tremendous contributions to their cultures, and who currently are the greatest strength that continue the traditions in the Native American tribes. "

Tags:native, american, women

Abstract
This paper addresses the continued controversy surrounding the use of Native American persons and images as sports-team mascots. The paper presents cogent reasons why these cultural images should not be used because they destroy more pride (in the Native American people who find them offensive) than they create for the sports fans in the community. The paper approaches the issue from a psychological and anthropological perspective. 4 pgs. Bibliography lists 4 sources.

Tags:NATIVE-AMERICAN STUDIES, native american mascots

Abstract
In this article, the writer makes a proposal for the essential content of a library exhibit that highlights the Native-American cultures of what is now known as New England. The writer discusses that the exhibit will focus on informing the local community about the influences on and contributions of Native-American cultures to the present culture.

Tags:Champagne, Berkhofer, Native American

Abstract
This study is restricted to consider only those Native American cultures in North America, that are well-known and which provide certain insights into the construction of the spirit world for these particular people. This is still a relatively broad group of people. Nevertheless, there are common themes that run throughout Native American mythology in North America with regard to the spirit world.

From the Paper
"It would be ridiculous to suggest that Native American mythology, specifically regarding the belief in a spirit world, is monolithic. After all, when we are speaking of Native Americans, of whom are we speaking? Should we broaden our discussion to include all the various tribes and cultural groups throughout North and South America? Can we actually expect that beliefs in the Spirit World would remain consistent across such great geographical, climatic, and cultural divides? Of course, such an argument would be reductive and would provide very little useful information regarding the spiritual beliefs of any Native Americans. For the purpose of this study, I will restrict myself to consider only those Native American cultures in North America, and even then I will restrict myself further to those cultures that are well-known and which provide certain insights into the construction of the spirit world for these particular people."

Tags:native, american, spirit

Abstract
This paper explores Native American tribes in the New World and how they conducted trade. According to the paper, there were hundreds of different tribes joined together in larger groupings, with their own political and social systems already in place when the first settlers arrived. Trade with the Indians developed into an important economic factor, especially as a survival mechanism in the earliest period, but thereafter both for certain goods the colonists needed and also as a factor in cementing relations and avoiding war, at least for a time.

From the Paper
"The Native American tribes in the New World did not constitute a single population but were often treated as if they did because they were so alien to the European settlers and their set world view. There were hundreds of different tribes joined together in larger groupings, with their own political and social systems already in place when the first settlers arrived. The settlers often saw the Indian tribes as a threat, but they also saw them as potential trading partners. Trade with the Indians developed into an important economic factor, especially as a survival mechanism in the earliest period, but thereafter both for certain goods the colonists needed and also as a factor in cementing relations and..."

Tags:native, american, trade

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of ceremony in Native American Indian culture, including the powwow and the Gourd Dance.

From the Paper
"Ceremony is something that American culture has largely dispensed with. Weddings are often conducted in bizarre locales such as in helium balloons or on the backs of jet skis or just by a justice of the peace instead of in an elaborate ceremony in a church that is replete with time-honored ritual. Religious rituals such as observing the Sabbath all day have been relegated to only a few of the most devout religious sects. Even rituals as common as..."

Tags:Native American Indian, culture, ceremony, ritual, powwow, Gourd Dance, communication

Abstract
This paper discusses the original uniqueness of Native American Indian identities in terms of their nations, tribes, and culture as expressed through gender, language, and literature and the scientific image of the Indian.

From the Paper
"The cultural, tribal and national identities of Native American Indians are marked by uniqueness that is defined in part by language, literature and gender. The scientific image discussed by Berkhofer was developed by Euro-Americans in their representations of Indians but also figured into tribal and national identities impacting Indians at a conceptual level. While Native American Indian nations and tribes originally had distinctly different cultures that shared neither a universal language nor a known historical experience and consisted of hundreds of aboriginal..."

Tags:uniqueness, Native American, Indian, tribe, nation, gender, language, literature, culture, scientific image

Abstract
This paper discusses African and Native-American religions and the student's opinion of the textbook, "Introduction to World Religion".

From the Paper
"African and Native American religions have both similarities and differences between themselves. African religiosity acknowledges the reality of God but does not define God. If anything, it confesses that God is unknowable. God, however, is viewed as Creator of everything and the Africans believe that there is only one God, so African religions are monotheistic. There is also a belief in spiritual beings such as nature, spirits that are personifications of heavenly or earthly objects, and phenomena such as the..."

Tags:African religion, Native American Religion, Christianity

Abstract
This paper examines the attempts of Native-American Tribes to retain their cultural heritage despite many years of repression and attempts by the colonial majority to force its culture on them. The paper looks at the major means whereby Native Americans are trying to preserve and even spread their culture amongst the various groupings and tribes living today in the United State of America. The author then goes on to examine the historical background to the American Indian's cultural repression. He examines, in some depth, the rebirth of Native-American literature and oral history and its impact on the Native-American population and attempts to evaluate its success.

From the Paper
"Individual Indians seek to define who they are through culture in varied ways, and are frequently challenged by distance. The revival of culture is centered around reservation life. Reservations schools attempt to transmit the traditions of the past, along with language through native reservation schools that teach language through a bilingual system or through submersion programs and yet many Native Americans live far from home and family, as a result of the pressures of modernization and the fact that economic and higher education opportunities are limited on many reservations. To many Indians it is a challenge to meet the goals of a highly connected social network of family and nation as distance creates change that challenges their ability to meld their historical culture with the white culture they frequently live within. Yet, it is also clear that individual definitions of self are strongly associated with family and cultural connections and traditions. It is for this reason that Native American creativity is expressed in novel ways through many avenues and medias as well as the reason why individual and collective vision become a constant recurring theme in many of these interpretations."

Tags:native americans, indians reservations history culture assimilation tradition