Abstract This paper discusses the different kinds of coral reefs that exist. The author explains the various ways that coral reefs are formed, along with the factors that contribute to the growth of coral reefs. In addition, the author also analyzes the various theories centering around the formation of coral reefs.
From the Paper "There are three different types of reefs. These are the fringing reef, the barrier reef, and the atoll. The fringing reef is a coral reef that attaches to the margins of islands and conti"nents. It consists of several types of corals without any predomi"nant type. It is surrounded by a few corals that are separated from the island or continent by areas of sand. The fringing reef forms an area along the shore and along the margins of the island where colonies of coral can grow. These reefs begin to grow below the low water mark and extend seaward. The fringing reef is always attached to the margin of the island or continent, and the edge lying sea?ward is not separated from the main land by a lagoon."
Abstract This paper describes the coral reef ecosystem, briefly discussing its history, structural characteristics, and how it benefits humans. The paper then discusses the current status of coral reefs, explaining how almost all the coral reef ecosystems are threatened because of pollution and over fishing. Finally, the paper talks about what is being done to protect the reefs as well as what still needs to be done.
Introduction
Structural Characteristics
Benefits to Humans
Current Status
What Should be Done?
How is the U.S. Government Helping?
How Can We All Help?
From the Paper "Coral reefs are one of the oldest ecosystems in the world, existing for more than 450 million years. A coral reef is a type of biotic reef that develops in tropical waters. Coral reefs are found in all oceans of the world, generally between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn because the reef-building corals are living in this waters. A water temperature of 20 to 28?C is needed for growth of the coral reef. Massive reef structures are built over thousands of years by tiny coral polyps aided by minute algae called zooxanthellae that live in their tissues, calcifying algae, and other organisms that secrete calcium carbonate and adhesives. The process of reef formation is heavily dependent upon photosynthesis by reef-building organisms. Once formed, the complex, rock-like reef framework provides food and shelter for the multitudes of organisms that inhabit the reef. "
Abstract This paper looks at how Steven Spielberg's "Saving Private Ryan" is about the mission to find and retrieve one man Private James Ryan and how Terrence Malick's "The Thin Red Line" tells the story of the first Marine invasion of Guadalcanal, the small atoll of the Solomon Islands, on August 7, 1942. The author points out that some of the most remarkable similarities between the two films are the incredible production teams, excellent cinematography teams and brilliant composers.
From the Paper "Still, one of the most obvious differences lies in the star appearances within the films. Specifically, in "The Thin Red Line", the miscast John Travolta and the misused George Clooney plague the film. Indeed, while these two leading actors are both tall, dark, handsome, thereby making them nearly indistinguishable, they are also merely star cameos. Moreover, they are annoying and they nearly undermine the credibility of the entire affair. Conversely, in "Saving Private Ryan", the actors are believable and strong. Tom Hanks is especially solid in his performance as a man on the verge of a breakdown who keeps it all together for the sake of his crew. Ultimately, he does not look like a glorified hero; instead, he looks like an ordinary man outside of his comfortable environs."
