Abstract
According to Buddhist teachings and Buddhist philosophy there is no atman. In other words there is no such thing as an eternal, unchanging self or soul. In this respect Buddhist teachings differ from the orthodox Indian religious traditions, which recognise the existence of atman and assert that each person has an eternal soul. This paper will examine the Buddhist view of what atman actually is and why it is not a reality. The paper will argue that only if we accept that atman does not exist, we can explain human personality according to Buddhism.

From the Paper
Nursing Leadership Styles The nursing profession is not always thought of as playing a leadership role in the health care field. Public perception is that nurses play only a subordinate role, particularly in relationship to doctors, it is rare that people perceive of nursing as having leaders of its own. Like any other profession, however, nursing has its own leaders with their own leadership styles. In fact, because of the diversity of roles that nurses play, the profession has a number of leadership theories and roles that are appropriate to varying situations. Management vs. Leadership

Tags:buddhism, atman, anatman

Abstract
This paper defines the concept of Atman and describes it as a very small part of a person. The paper uses the Christian concept of the soul as a parallel for comparison, explaining that the two are very similar. The paper discusses how the concept of Atman fits in the Hindu religion as well as how the concept of Atman relates to the beliefs of the Buddhist religion.

From the Paper
"The Atman is described in the text as being a very small part of a person, 'smaller than the smallest atom' (Novak 1995). That seems to be a different from the idea of a soul, which seems to be more like energy; it has no size. The Atman almost seems like a place, a place of such profound and complex knowledge that we could never understand it, nor find it, no matter how hard we tried looking for it. Even though the Atman is referred to as the Spirit, to me it seems more abstract than that. The reading calls it the Self. The Self, to me, represents the essence of a person that comprises much more about us than our values, our beliefs, our love and our disdain. The essence is so hard to articulate that it is like trying to articulate a place that we have never seen or ever heard of. It remains an enigma."

Tags:hinduism soul christianity spirituality religion, universal self

Abstract
Historically Buddhism as a religion, and particularly compared to Hinduism, its closest relative, is relatively new. Thus it is not surprising that Buddhism had to tackle some concepts introduced by its predecessors and already deeply routed into the human psyche. This essay will examine the concept of atman and anatman in the teaching of the Buddha.

From the Paper
Atman and Anatman according to the Buddha Historically Buddhism as a religion, and particularly compared to Hinduism, its closest relative, is relatively new. Thus it is not surprising that Buddhism had to tackle some concepts introduced by its predecessors and already deeply routed into the human psyche. This essay will examine the concept of atman and anatman in the teaching of the Buddha. The concept of atman (or `self', `ego') is of particular interest because it appears as a central concept in both Hinduism and Brahmanism, and it is not surprising that the Buddhism was under the influence of the older traditions. In fact, most religions that dominate in the Western

Tags:buddhism, atman, philosophy

Abstract
The paper relates that Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions. The paper explains that its concepts can be useful for individuals interested in answering some of the core philosophical questions about the nature of reality and of self. The paper examines the concept of Atman that is central to Hinduism, a religion that stands out among others for its open-mindedness and tolerance. The paper notes that it is likely that the Hindu concepts of Atman and Brahman foster open-mindedness with regards to spiritual practices. The paper discusses how Atman and other concepts in the Sanatana Dharma reveal the interconnectedness of all things.

Outline:
Introduction
Atman and its Relationship to Other Key Concepts in Sanatana Dharma
The Importance of Atman in Terms of What it Does and What it Is
Atman in Comparison/Contrast with Concepts in Other Religions
Applications of the Theory of Atman
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Who am I? What is the meaning of life? These are the essential, fundamental questions that religions and spiritual traditions help people to answer. Eastern religions like Hinduism are especially suited for answering such questions because their philosophical underpinnings promote a deep awareness of the truths underlying reality and the nature of self. The Sanatana Dharma is a complex and ancient set of philosophical, metaphysical, and cosmological doctrines that range from tales of supernatural beings to treatises on the nature of reality."

Tags:Eastern, Sanatana, Dharma, meditation

Abstract
This paper describes briefly the Hindu religion and discusses the important spiritual elements in Hinduism. Terms such as Brahman and symbols such as the Aum are discussed. The author also explains the concept of karma and reincarnation in Hinduism, as well as the caste system which has been an important part of the Hindu faith for many centuries.

Outline:
Brahman
Karma and Reincarnation
Atman
Maya
Caste
Harmony Of Religion.
The Aum
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Hinduism might be said to hold the opposite position from that of Christianity, which considers its own faith the only path to redemption; in this current climate of Religious tension, Hinduism seems much more modern and enlightened. Another tenet of this element is that Hindus do not attempt to convert others into their faith - naturally, since they are prepared to acknowledge other faiths. Neither of these tenets indicates that Hindus do not consider their faith the most important religion: but that, for this faith, religious tolerance is not just a social obligation, but a religious observance too."

Tags:religion, practices

Abstract
This paper provides two essays. The first discusses both the popular Buddhist and Vedanta views on reincarnation and their differences and also argues the research of Ian Stevenson is not sufficient evidence of reincarnation. The second essay provides a discussion of the background of views on immortality and resurrection in the Jewish faith, including a discussion of the views of Maimonides.

From the Paper
"Many Hindus believe that when a person dies, the Atman or what we call the soul or essence of a person, goes out of the body and searches for another body in which it can be reborn. In other words, the reborn being has the same personality or identity of the formerly existing person. Buddhists reject this view of reincarnation. Instead, Buddhists believe in a doctrine known as no-self, which basically means they do not believe in a permanent or enduring personality or essence..."

Tags:religious, belief, death, suffering, eternity, soul, essence, Atman, permanence, God

Abstract
The paper examines two sacred textual excerpts from the Vedic sacred text, "Brhadaranyaka Upanishad", to determine whether they exemplify the religious striving embodied in their respective traditions.

From the Paper
"The "Brhadaranyaka Upanishad", a Vedic sacred text thought to have been written BCE is one of the Upanishads, the last of the Vedas to be written. (www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/ glossary.html) These Vedas have been the source of teachings hat have been embraced in different ways by nearly all of the religions emanating from India, from Hinduism to Buddhism to Jainism to Sikhism. In this way they are similar to the Old Testament in the Bible from which Judaism, Christianity and Islam..."

Tags:dhamma, Vedic, Brhadaranydaka Upanishad, atman, brahman

Abstract
This paper discusses the different teachings of Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism in regards to their respective conceptions of the nature of the human soul. This paper also examines each religion's doctrines and their respective views on the cycle of life and rebirth.

From the Paper
"Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism (particularly the teachings of the Upanishads) are all Dharmic religions with many similarities. However, upon more thorough inspections, they each distinguish themselves from one another through their teachings and practices of important religious issues and tasks. Of particular note are the unique and differing doctrines surrounding the nature of the soul in each of these religions. These conflicting views over the nature of the soul also contribute largely to each religion's exclusive beliefs of the processes of rebirth, karma, and asceticism. Regardless of these differences, each religion has managed to sustain popularity over time and all remain important world religions in contemporary times."

Tags:atman, upanishads, jivas, rebirth, soul, buddaghosa, dharma, karma, bhakti

Abstract
This paper gives a brief history and explanation of three Eastern religions known as Tao Te Ching, Buddhism, and Hinduism. In addition, the paper points out the many similarities between the three philosophies, as well as their differences.

From the Paper
"The Tao Te Ching shares a great number of similarities with Buddhist and Hindu beliefs, although there are some important differences between the three religions. The Tao Te Ching and Buddhism share similar ideas of harmony with the environment, nirvana, and even reincarnation. Similarly, Hinduism and the Tao Te Ching share a common understanding of human suffering, the relief from suffering, and the nature of the divine. Nonetheless, the differences between the Tao Te Ching and Hinduism are important. Ultimately, the Tao Te Ching, Hinduism, and Buddhism provide an interesting and welcome contrast to Western philosophy and thought."

Tags:lao-tzu, taoist, tao, universal, entity, nirvana, harmony, environment, brahman, atman