Abstract
This paper looks at the subject of Apartheid in South Africa in the 1950's, by examining the dialogue between the three characters in the play "'Master Harold'... and the Boys" by Athol Fugard. It explains the narrative of the play and the describes the relationships between the characters in the play. The paper also discusses Fugard's technique of allowing each character to tell a story, which allows the audience a glimpse into the character's past and makes the play more real.

From the Paper
"The play begins on a note of tolerance and agreement, and it ends in anger and racist speech. Apartheid was a deliberate creation of the White power structure to prevent the Blacks from gaining political power, and while racial segregation had been the norm through most of the century before that, apartheid made this the law and also made it harsher than it had been before. In the play, the White anger directed at Blacks is an anger that was general, meaning the Blacks were being made scapegoats for whatever other problems and concerns the Whites might have."

Tags:racisim, apartheid, character, relationship, development, protagonist

Abstract
The play "Master Harold and the Boys", was written during the era of apartheid in South Africa by Athol Fugard. The paper discusses how the play portrays the way the white minority in South Africa maintained its dominant position through segregation of the races.

From the Paper
"One morning, Hally finds Willie and Sam dancing, in preparation for a dance contest. He shouts to them, "Think you stand a chance. Act your bloody age! Cut out the nonsense now and get on with your work. And you too, Sam. Stop fooling around." (18). Hally criticizes Sam when he asks him sarcastically if he really thinks that he is good enough to win a dancing contest. A major theme of White supremacy and Black inferiority is demonstrated in this scene and also in the scene when Hally and Sam argue over the value of ballroom dancing. Hally fails to recognize its simplistic "beauty" (40), and consequently claims the activity to be "simple-minded." "I said it was simple-like in simple-minded, meaning mentally retarded. "

Tags:africa, discrimination, prejudice, racial, south

Abstract
This paper explores the concept of colliding cultures and competing ideologies as well as the related theme of identity in the three plays; "Master Harold... and the Boys" by Athol Fugard, "Dream on Monkey Mountain" by Derek Walcott, and "No Sugar" by Jack Davis. The paper also analyzes the strategies used in the plays such as symbolism, irony, and contrast in their elucidation of colliding cultures. The paper explains that contrast in use of language serves a significant purpose in relation to evolving identity for the oppressed. The paper also notes that colliding cultures can be reduced to the values of white dominant culture in opposition to the other - whether they happen to be black, aboriginal people, or some minority ethnic group. In conclusion, the paper shows that because all the other variables such as identity never are static, the concept of collision is also fluid and appears where it would be least expected.

From the Paper
"Davis' No Sugar is similar to Fugard's play in how it demonstrates the immediacy and perennial nature of colonialism. Mitchell (18-20) expresses this reality by stating that "the rhetoric of postcolonialism assumes that anti-colonialism has either overthrown imperialism or exhausted itself in the attempt". The fact is such a goal has not nearly been achieved; we continue to live in a colonial world. Walcott demonstrates class struggle and collision in his play through the ability of his Odysseus who is able to undermine the totalitarian power of the Cyclops (Giannopoulou 13)."

Tags:symbolism, irony, mimeticism, reactionary, nativism, drama

Abstract
The writer discusses how both "Master Harold" and "Things Fall Apart" are set in periods or challenges of social transition or reform. "Things Fall Apart" and "Master Harold" both embody Africa during colonialism, when whites ruled supreme, and blacks were "put in their place." It explores how both show the tragedy and hatred of prejudice, and how it affects everyone it touches.

From the Paper
"Both of these works are set in Africa, and both relate stories of how Africans have suffered at the hand of the whites that took their land, but most of all took away their way of life. Both stories also portray societies in transition, from the South Africa of "Master Harold," mired in apartheid and struggling to understand another race, to the Nigeria of "Things Fall Apart," mired in colonialism and struggling for freedom. They also illustrate how a society in transition can shape the way people view people, and a society that oppresses some of its members will eventually have to fall. Social transition and change does not end the underlying problem of hatred. When a society understands the damaging effects of hatred, then perhaps it can transform, but that does not happen in either of these works."

Tags:africa, colonialism, prejudice, racism

Abstract
This paper provides biographical sketches of three playwrights and an analysis of the characters and themes from their respective plays. These include Caryl Churchill, author of "Top Girls"; Athol Fugard author of " 'Master Harold' ...and the Boys" and August Wilson, author of "The Piano Lesson."

From the Paper
"Caryl Churchill September was born in London and raised in Montreal. Caryl Churchill was educated at Oxford after returning to London for her education. Churchill's first play, 'Downstairs' was produced while she was a student at Oxford and was awarded at the student's drama festival. Churchill's plays are best known for their non-realistic techniques and their themes of feminism. Her first stage play 'Owners' reveals the author's socialist leanings and stands as a critique of capitalism. One of her most..."

Tags:racism, prejudice, feminism, socialism, African Americans, poverty, Pittsburgh, education, drama, apartheid, South Africa, gender

Abstract
This paper discusses two characters in two very different books set worlds apart, namely Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" and Fugard's "Master Harold and the Boys". The author explores the two characters, with examples from the texts, and how they both find disillusionment in a world that they were too young to fully understand.

From the Paper
"Hallie tries to do his home-work. That is his reality. On the other hand, the two dancing black men have a different sense of reality. The reality is that dance takes blacks away from the everyday agonies of their existence. "...like being in a dream about a world in which accidents don't happen..." That dream world of the three is shattered, when the teen-ager talks about the conversation he and his father have about "a nigger's arse" Sam now sees Hallie as the son of his father: "Well, you've done it...Master Harold. Yes, I'll start calling you that from now on. It won't be difficult any more...You've hurt yourself, Master Harold." As Sam describes the times he had to carry Hallie's drunken father home, with the little white boy following behind, the relationship is now different."

Tags:literature, characters, apartheid, comparison

Abstract
"This paper uses the character of Miss Helen in Athol Fugard's moving play, The Road to Mecca, to examine many of the biopsychosocial systems and issues that are part of the aging process in women.

From the Paper
"This paper uses the character of Miss Helen in Athol Fugard's moving play, The Road to Mecca, to examine many of the biopsychosocial systems and issues that are part of the aging process in women. The individual grows, develops, and ages within the wider environment of the surrounding community. This extended system limits, influences, and affects the ways in which its members grow up and grow old, and Miss Helen provides an especially intriguing case study of this process at work. Many of the issues raised by her case are useful in understanding the social worker's role in analyzing and designing a plan for care for older, widowed women in the community. Her case also suggests some of the kinds of clues that the caring, perceptive social "worker might look for in studying and serving older individuals.

Abstract
This paper examines the three plays, "Master Harold and the Boys," "A Doll's House," and "Los Vendidos" and delineates how the communication of the theme of human oppression is achieved in each of the plays.

From the Paper
"The authors exemplify the human spirit's ability to transcend domination and injustice caused by racial and sexist bigotry. They personify this theme in their stage characters in order to show how their characters overcome the societal constraints of male chauvinism, of racism, and of class bigotry. "

Tags:oppression, women, race

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the concept of colliding cultures, as illustrated in 'Master Harold... and the Boys', 'Dream on Monkey Mountain', and 'No Sugar' contains both negative and positive implications. The writer notes that all three plays demonstrate that when cultures collide, the inevitable result is domination and oppression, which originate in racism because competing ideologies also are at work. The writer maintains, however, that the plays also are based on an alternate meaning of colliding cultures which involves illumination of one culture by another, as well as exposure of the value and dignity of the oppressed by comparison with the lack of humanity by the other. The phenomenon of changing identity as one of the main outcomes of colliding cultures is an important theme in all three plays, and this is explored along with strategies to indicate altered identity such as shifting forms of language.

Outline:
Introduction
The Meaning of Colliding Cultures
Manifestations of Colliding Cultures
Consequences of Colliding Cultures
Symbolism and Imagery
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Hally is situated in a privileged class since he just happens to be the son of the proprietors, and so he can lord it over the black men. Hally has been culturally and socially conditioned to be the men's master but, in fact, he relies on them for emotional support. In an ironic reversal, they are the boys while he is the master. While Hally illustrates white dominance, he is too immature for the segregation but is quite capable of extreme racism against his friend Sam. There is a mutual emotional bond between Sam and Hally, and Sam is Hally's intellectual equal so that segregation is not possible."

Tags:oppression, domination, humanity, class, struggle