Abstract
In this paper, the author argues against claims that Division I athletics has a negative impact on education. First, the paper cites the damage caused by having athletic teams associated with a university, especially in light of education. The paper shows, however, that these claims are insignificant compared to the advantages of having a university sports team that unifies a diverse student body. The paper continues by considering the academic issues of student athletes, including cheating, failing grades and not challenging themselves educationally. These issues, according to the paper, are rare and often dealt with responsibly. The paper concludes by stating that problems with student athletes do exist, but are often over exaggerated and that Division I athletic programs are mostly compatible with the higher education goals at colleges and universities.

From the Paper
"Many critics often claim Div I athletics to be incompatible with education for a multitude of insignificant, yet overly exaggerated reasons. To start off, many Div I colleges recruit athletes and don't care if they're passionate or strong academically. (Eitzen) According to the critics, this creates a problem not for the student-athlete, but for the student body because these athletes will be a negative influence. Also, critics such as D. Stanley Eitzen claim they end up taking the place of another student, one who'll probably contribute to the intellectual life of the college. Well, first of all, most student-athletes often are isolated from the student body (Eitzen), so it's unlikely they'll be ruining intellectualism. Also, usually, each Div I school class has only around 80-100 recruited athletes per year which is quite insignificant when compared to 2000+ students they usually admit. And it's also doubtful that all of those athletes are truly that intellectually incompetent either, particularly at Div I schools such as Duke and Stanford..."

Tags:NCAA, Division 1, college athletes, academic achievement

Abstract
The paper explores how, over the past decade, women's athletics has seen an exceptional increase in popularity. While "traditional" women's sports such as tennis, gymnastics and ice-skating have always been popular among the American public, other sports such as soccer, basketball and boxing are gaining new fans. The paper shows, however, that the popularity of women in sports has not been an overnight phenomenon. It explores how women athletes have been slowly knocking down barriers for decades, from Wilma Rudolph (track) to Billie Jean King (tennis) to Nancy Lieberman Kline (basketball), women athletes have done more than just compete, that have campaigned for the inclusion of women in sports and have been outstanding advocates for women in athletics. This paper explores the rise of women's participation in athletics and how the present day has witnessed the best support for women athletes in American history.

From the Paper
"Undeniably, women have made remarkable strides in athletics. Women athletes have much more issues to conquer than their male counterparts. For example, male athletes do not have to deal with sexism and a culture that prevents them from realizing their true potential. A revolutionary law, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program or activity at any educational institution that is a recipient of federal funds. Since the enacting Title IX there has been over an eight hundred percent increase in athletics participation among high school girls. The increase in the number of females participating in sports at all levels from elementary school to professional athletes lies in the paradigm shift in our shared values and beliefs."

Tags:sport, administration, Title, IX, of, the, Education, Amendments, Olympics

Abstract
This paper looks at how organized sports offer players an opportunity to meet a variety of students from different backgrounds and how students from public, private, and parochial schools are brought together in a common enterprise, crossing socioeconomic and ethnic lines, so that all players broaden their sense of how other people live. It hypothesizes that males who participate in collegiate athletics have a more positive attitude towards diversity than males who do not participate on collegiate athletic teams. It examines the validity of this statement in an effort to determine how collegiate sports contribute to players' attitudes toward diversity and how this knowledge can improve general notions about diversity. This research question is addressed through a literature review and a questionnaire that samples both male college athletes and non-athletes.

Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Statement of the Problem
Participation in College Athletics: An Open Door to Diversity
Potential of College Athletic Community's Model of Diversity
Methodology
Discussion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Attitudes toward diversity and the behavior patterns that accompany these attitudes are likely to affect a student's overall adjustment to a higher education facility since they deal with a student's ability to successfully adapt to new surroundings (Astin, 1982). For example, studies reveal that students who had positive interracial experiences had a tendency to feel more confident about their own achievements and had more positive feelings about the academic environment as a whole than students who did not have positive interracial experiences."

Tags:teams, higher, education, racism, students

Abstract
This paper reviews a study conducted into the proper role of athletics on campus. The study examines the theory that when intercollegiate athletes' grades are examined and compared to those of regular students who do not participate in intercollegiate athletics, the overall means of course grades suggest that athletes do not do as well in the classroom as their nonathletic peers. The survey consists of a randomly selected, matched (on age and college year level) sample of collegiate athletes and non-athletes.

From the Paper
"Benson (2000), in examining the academic performance of college athletes in general and Africa-American collegiate athletes in particular, has noted that a substantial number of these students arrive at college poorly prepared for academic adequacy let alone academic success. Equally significant is the fact that many student athletes, in the belief or the hope that a post-collegiate career will be based on athletic prowess or skill, fail to take advantage of the academic opportunities offered to them in either high school or college. Further, says Benson (2000), a substantial number of collegiate athletes tend to either gravitate toward or be placed in collegiate courses that offer them "easy curriculum" and facilitate maintenance of acceptable grade point averages needed to maintain eligibility."

Tags:education, sport, football, basketball, competition, college, academic

Abstract
The paper looks at the evidence that high school athletics will strengthen a student's leadership skills, will encourage a healthier lifestyle and will promote a higher self-esteem and better relationships with peers. The paper then turns to the reports of the negative psychological effect on adolescent athletes as a result of intimidation and physical and verbal violence. The paper also discusses how participation in high school sports has an effect on the type of sex roles adolescents take on later in life, with female athletes becoming less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. The paper contends that high schools must continue their athletic programs and encourage active student participation. The paper believes that if coaches and parents were to encourage clean play, than a lot of the problems of violence would dissipate, and, as obesity rates increase, it is vital that importance be placed on physical activity.

From the Paper
"There have been studies conducted that prove the importance of high school athletics on adolescent males and females. Participants in high school sports show a significant increase in leadership abilities along with a lifelong awareness of the importance of physical activity. Adolescent sports players have been noted to attain higher self-esteem and retain better relationships with their peers. However, there have been reports of problems that can adversely affect adolescent members in the athletic department. Incidents of physical and verbal violence have been known to pose psychological problems on the victims of these assaults. However, if the high school athletic department is properly run, it can impart significant values upon the team participants."

Tags:intimidation, violence, self-esteem, health, sport, physical, education

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that participating in athletics has proven to be beneficial to the intellectually disabled community in many ways. The writer notes that various organizations throughout the world encourage and promote the involvement of this population in such events. The athletes gain so much from their experiences and the community acknowledges their capabilities. The writer points out that mainstreaming of the disabled into the rest of society promotes the desire for understanding those that are different. The writer notes that there are many organizations that are striving to help the disabled community and are making advancements in society as a whole through their works with the intellectually disabled. The writer concludes that the athletes are obviously benefiting in many ways when they participate in these organizations.

From the Paper
"Prior to the 1960s, intellectually disabled individuals were institutionalized and told that physical activity was damaging to them. That changed when President John F. Kennedy funded a program that tested the physical ability of the intellectually disabled. He was an advocate for this shift in belief because his own sister was of special needs and enjoyed sports. His other sister, Eunice, started having intellectually disabled individuals meet at her home to participate in sports and ever since then, it has become an ongoing belief that sports benefit the intellectually disabled community."
"Often times, the disabled can become isolated within society. People do not understand those with disabilities and often neglect to include them in on activities out of fearing the unknown. Through organizations, such as Special Olympics or Disability Challengers, the intellectually disabled are encouraged to participate in athletic and recreational activities. This helps boost the athletes self esteem and self-worth."

Tags:disability, physical, activity, Special, Olympics

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the role of Eros, Hermes and Heracles in ancient Greek athletics. The writer sets forth the general frame from which the linkages between Greek sport in the ancient world and those three gods can be identified and then develops a catalogue of literary and archaeological sources that show how the connections were commonly understood and articulated.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the role of Eros Hermes and Heracles in ancient Greek athletics. The plan of the research will be to set forth the general frame from which the linkages between Greek sport in the ancient world and those three gods can be identified and then to develop a catalogue of literary and archaeological sources that show how the connections were commonly understood and articulated. The big picture of the connection between ..."

Tags:Eros, Hermes, Heracles, gymnasium, palaestra

Abstract
This paper begins by providing a history of Oakland Athletics. It explains how the stadium was forced to move locations for a number of reasons and discusses how this move impacted its popularity. The writer discusses the sports that are played in the stadium. A SWOT analysis of the stadium is also presented.

From the Paper
"The story of Oakland Athletics starts in 1901 as Philadelphia Athletics and the stadium then had a capacity of only 9,500 seats. The capacity increased to 13,600 seats by 1905. This led to the opening of the Shibe Park or Connie Mack Stadium in the same city in 1909. The stadium was further developed to start night games in 1939 and capacity increased from 20,000 to 33,000 in the meantime. The name of the stadium was after a famous baseball manufacturer and this was the first concrete and steel stadium in major league. The name was changed as mentioned in 1953 after the famous player and the stadium existed till 1970. In the meantime, the team had decided to move from Philadelphia to Kansas City in November1954. This necessitated a new stadium for them and this was built on the site of the Blues stadium and that was the home of Kansas City Blues and the Negro Leagues Kansas City Monarchs. The existence of many teams at the same stadium led to the adding of a roofed second tier and the name being changed to Municipal Stadium. This led to their move to Network Associate Coliseum and that has been from 1968 and the capacity has been around 50,000. (Ballparks: 1901 - Present)"

Tags:sports, SWOT

Abstract
Examines how athletics help to develop leadership qualities. Importance of issue. Social context. Focus on team sports as illustrating relationship between leader & those he leads. Vital role of the coach. Importance of rules. Gives examples of specific coaches (Phil Jackson, Vince Lombardi) & players (Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal) with leadership qualities.

From the Paper
"This study will examine how athletics helps to develop leadership qualities. This issue is important because of the emphasis on sports in modern society, and, therefore, both young and older athletes learn many lessons about life and behavior from sports. It is also crucial to differentiate between the emphasis on winning that is so prevalent at every level of sports today, and the leadership which transcends victory or defeat. By "leadership," this study will refer to those qualities which drive an individual to excel himself or herself, but which also drives that individual to help and inspire others to reach their potential as well in a team-oriented, cooperative atmosphere. An excellent player will always want to excel, but an effective leader must practice and instill in others on the team the desire to excel as a team, not merely as a group of individuals. In..."

Abstract
In this article, the writer first looks at the amateur status of college athletes and discusses how they are forbidden from profiting from their performances. The writer also discusses the early departure of college athletes for professional leagues. Further, the writer examines the hypocrisy of a system that prohibits student athletes, many of whom devote more than a full-time workweek to their sport outside of classes, from being compensated for their efforts outside of free school-related items like tuition and books. The writer points out that the college system has become inundated with corruption regarding payments and perks offered to players, more and more athletes are electing to skip college or at least a year of it altogether in favor of going professional, and demands on athletes are becoming more and more time-consuming and stringent. The writer maintains that permitting athletes to be paid for performance could alleviate all of these issues as well as help preserve what traditionalists refer to as the "purity" of the college game.

From the Paper
"The first of these issues is the "amateur status" of college athletes; they are forbidden from profiting for their performances. Despite this, many universities sign foreign players who may have been paid for performance in their native countries. This issue could be completely averted if the NCAA were to switch to a pay-for-play system that basis players' eligibility on their talent and ability rather than their salary history. Resources spent verifying amateur status and payment sources could be spent where they rightly belong--benefiting the student athletes who make up these programs."

Tags:students, athletes, professional, players