Abstract
This research explores arguments and counterarguments regarding the existence of God. According to the paper, atheists live in a material world and deny the existence of anything that cannot be seen, felt, or touched. The paper further reports that the key atheist argument is that God does not exist because the essence of God cannot be experienced on earth.

Outline:
Does God Exist?
The Atheist Viewpoint
The Deist Answer

From the Paper
"If we simply live and then die, our actions do not matter. The future does not matter; therefore, humankind must have some higher purpose. Atheists argue that our higher purpose is in service to man and the future inhabitants of earth. Deism does not undermine man's need to serve the future generations of humankind; it simply recognizes and embraces man's higher purpose. If one is dedicated to God and the higher purpose of improving humankind, then one does no have to justify their reason for existence through actions. Both deists and atheists have their sights on the future, the difference is that Atheists must justify their existence through actions. However, they have no investiture in the outcomes of their actions."

Tags:God, faith, Catholic, spiritual, existance, world, earth, happiness, existance, children

Abstract
Existentialism grapples with the absurdity of modern human conditions. The philosophy of existentialism surfaced predominantly in the post-World War II Europe, though it had its roots in late nineteenth century philosophers such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Heidegger. In the post-War period, existentialism engaged in a new form of inquiry into the nature of being to discover meanings of individual existence.

Abstract
This paper answers the question "Why would an all-powerful and benevolent Being allow evil and suffering to exist?" Although taking an atheist's perspective, it debates the issue using the Bible.

From the Paper
"A question that has plagued mankind throughout the centuries is; "Why would an all-powerful and benevolent being allow evil and suffering to exist? Since there is no proof that God exists and I personally do not believe in Him, this is a hypothetical question. It still demands an answer though, especially for the billions of individuals that do believe in God and find it difficult to reconcile their beliefs with the obvious evil and suffering in the world. Evil in the form of crime and..."

Tags:God, evil, suffering, atheist, Christian

Abstract
The great philosopher, and noted atheist and cynic, Frederick Nietzsche once stated that he "would believe only in a God that knows how to dance." Decades later, the renowned thinker and scientist Albert Einstein echoed such a sentiment when he noted that "Dancers are the athletes of God." While both of these statements note the reverence and importance of dancing, the almost supernatural and spiritual qualities of this base movement and action, a third quote even better describes the desire and passion of a dancer. The great choreographer George Balanchine, the man who bridged the gap between classical and modern dance, once said that he did not "want people who want to dance, I want people who have to dance."

From the Paper
"The great philosopher, and noted atheist and cynic, Frederick Nietzsche once stated that he "would believe only in a God that knows how to dance." Decades later, the renowned thinker and scientist Albert Einstein echoed such a sentiment when he noted that "Dancers are the athletes of God." While both of these statements note the reverence and importance of dancing, the almost supernatural and spiritual qualities of this base movement and action, a third quote even better describes the desire and passion of a dancer. The great choreographer George Balanchine, the man who bridged the gap between classical and modern dance, once said that he..."

Tags:describe, myself, mba

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the beliefs of Immanuel Kant and his atheistic views concerning God. The author takes us on a journey through many of Kants reasons for not believing there is a God and his reasons for religion. According to Kant it is human nature to need religion and we are all drawn in by the need.

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses two different theories regarding political toleration. The writer notes that the views discussed are those of John Locke and Pierre Bayle. The writer argues that of the two philosophies, Bayle seems more applicable to modern times particularly on the issues involving Roman Catholics and atheists. The writer maintains that the doctrine of an "erring conscience" can work better today in that it allows a person to perform an act based on his best knowledge. Further, the writer points out that it also acknowledges that there is no way to determine the difference between a right conscience and a wrong one. The writer concludes that unlike Locke, Bayle allows any view to deserve toleration but also requires the sincere but erring conscience to take diligent efforts to correct itself.

From the Paper
"His prejudice was shared by the Whigs who were behind the 1688 Glorious Revolution, which excluded Roman Catholics from participating in English political life until the Catholic Emancipation of 1829. The spirit of this prejudice endures to this day in the Act of Settlement, which has excluded Roman Catholics from the English throne since its promulgation in 1701. Locke wrote about the bitter experience of the English nation from the leadership of a Roman Catholic monarch, Mary Tudor, under whose reign religious and civil liberty was lost. The Roman Church decreed that Queen Mary's loyalty was first of all to the Church and the Popes and not to the land. The Roman Catholic's loyalty was to the Vatican and the Vatican is a government in itself. It consists of an apostolic successor from Peter's time and a temporal power, which wields the Pope's authority over the kings of the earth. Some Roman Catholics might be rebellious and refuse to submit to the Pope's authority as God's, but this would still be the doctrinal position of the Roman Catholic Church of which they were members. Locke construed the English nation as a particular and geographically existing political commonwealth with members of its own."

Tags:liberal, atheists, nation, prejudice

Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of atheism, the arguments from the atheists in justification of their belief, the debate over whether atheism is a religion or is just simply a denial of all religious believes."

From the Paper
"Atheism has been a debatable issue for several years. The concept of atheism is usually misunderstood by people. Some consider it as an anti religious belief while some people consider as a separate religion. However, these perceptions about atheism are wrong. Atheism is nothing more then an absence of belief on the existence of gods. An atheist is simply a non believer. He or she do not accepts the notion of god's existence on the grounds that there are no convincing evidences for god's existence. "

Tags:atheism, atheist, god, religion, theism

Abstract
This paper gives a biography of the life and work of Charles Robert Darwin. The writer discusses his controversial theory of evolution, and explains that although many atheists use his theories to debate the existence of God, Darwin was not an atheist; in fact, for most of his life he was a churchgoing man, active in his parish. In later years Darwin declared himself agnostic but never an atheist. The paper relates that the subject of religion was a big topic of discussion in his household as his wife was a devout Christian and his children were raised to be as well. The paper also looks at how Darwin's theories were the subject of intense and heated debate throughout his lifetime and remain so to this day.

From the Paper
"Darwin's family was considered to be nonconformist Unitarian but his grandfather and father were freethinkers and sent Darwin to schools, which were part of the Church of England. In Cambridge he became an Anglican clergyman. Although he was an evolutionist in theory he believed in the bible and looked for explanations in laws of nature rather than miracles and saw adaptations of species as evidence of design. He remained orthodox and would quote the bible as his authority on morality. He questioned why all religions were not equally valid and was critical of the bible as history and gave much thought to religion, which was the source of many discussions with his wife. Natural selection produced the good of adaptation but removed the need for design; he viewed organisms as perfectly adapted. In On the Origin of Species he reflects on theology and describes God as the ultimate lawgiver."

Tags:scientific, botany, revolutionary, biologist, environment, geology, fossil, propagate, variety

Abstract
The following paper examines the way in which the American government mandates that children will attend school, that there will be teachers, and there will be education. This paper asserts that if the latter is mandatory, then the government must decide what religious value or training will be mandatory. The debate explores how on the one side many have suggested that no religion be instituted, whereas on the other side just as many say that no religion is the same thing as preaching the religion of atheism or agnosticism. The writer examines how many Christians want a more exclusively Christian environment, while many atheists or agnostics want to decrease the level of religious power invested in school systems. Both sides have problems with their issues, and may be extremists in theory, in actions, and in rhetoric. This paper suggests a solution to this everlasting debate.

From the Paper
As the American government has progressed from a withdrawn state where it controlled little more than a militia and trade treaties to being an authoritarian structure which oversees everything from highway speeds to public education, the basis for change in its relationship to religion was firmly sown. A government which does not regulate public schools, or zoning laws, has in every field a very different role from one which does, but this is particularly important in the role of religious and ethical convictions. The difference between being tax-exempt and not tax-exempt is tremendous. The difference between having a building license or not changes the entire scope of a ministry. Perhaps most important, though, is the increased need for the government to determine what schools will teach about religion, if they teach anything at all

Tags:system, support, institutional, application, violations, human, religious, rights, illegality, discriminated, interpretation, school, officials

Abstract
This paper is about Emma Goldman and her various theories, political, societal and moral. It focuses on her forty years spent as an American, especially the years when she was an active member of the anarchist party. It details her involvement in the assassination of Henry Frick, and her accusal in the assassination of President McKinley. It also discusses how her divergent views involving feminism without suffrage, created isolation among politics that she lived with her entire life. Her involvement in the burgeoning sexual revolution and her persona as a figurehead of the atheists and a violent inciter is also expanded upon.

From the Paper
"Emma Goldman put very little worth upon the idea of government as a protector of the greater society. Emma Goldman rejected the idea that philosophy could ever be political and she spent her time and energy trying to defeat all types of organized government that she so detested. Her radical and uncompromising views on the nature of government left her without a political forum to embrace, and shaped her reaction to and participation in American anarchism."

Tags:anarchism, anarchy, atheism, feminism, incitor, rebellion, suffrage