Abstract
The paper looks ar Martin Scorsese's "Gangs of New York" and discusses a number of themes which emerge therein. It explains that Martin Scorsese's "Gangs of New York" is a elegy which tells of the passing of an age of innocence and the emergence of a new epoch in America which will be characterized by violence, upheaval and - ultimately - by breathtaking industrial and technological innovation. The paper discusses how the film illustrates the pull of atavistic collectivity against the counter-tug of individuality. The writer argues that the film's most dramatic and impressive feature lies in its exposition of the dangers of the gang mentality. The writer concludes that "Gangs of New York" is perhaps not Scorsese's best work, but the motion picture will endure simply because it probes the dark psychology of gang life with a vividness that is unforgettable.

From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, the elegiac overtones are accentuated by the terrific human loss and waste which typify the film - a rather brutal cinematic tour de force which may not be suitable for many audiences. Additionally, the elegiac components of the film are brought into sharp relief by the desire on the part of the main protagonist, Amsterdam Vallon (played passably well by Leonardo Di Caprio), to avenge the savage murder of his father (Scorsese, Gangs of New York). The tragedy at the heart of all of this is that what appears to be a passably bright, charming young man with a promising future ahead of him is now being marred by events from the long-ago past which compel him to rush forward to seek vengeance; in that sense, the film echoes some of the tropes found in Shakespeare's Hamlet - as Nev Pierce of the British Broadcasting Corporation points out (para.5)."

Tags:violence, atavistic, exposition, movie, upheaval, protagonist

Abstract
This paper compares some of the traditional, mythic views of Lombroso's work in great detail, as reflected in his own original work and the works of other great criminological minds. This paper focuses on the development of his theories, the popularity they enjoyed then and now, and how modern criminologists use his theories in studies of today.

From the Paper
"Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), the "father of modern criminology" (Mannheim, 1972: 232), gained much attention in the field of criminology during the end of the 19th Century. His ideas spread not only throughout Europe, but to the United States as well. His theory relied on the idea of atavism, the idea that criminals were a sort of evolutionary "throwback" to an earlier stage in human evolution (Schaefer, 1969: 126). This led to his classification of criminals to include categories such as born criminals, criminaloids, and insane criminals, as well as research on female offenders."

Tags:atavistic, cesare, crime, criminology, lombroso, positivist, theories, theory

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the article, "Crime: Its Causes and Remedies", by Cesare Lombroso. Specifically, it contains a short analytical summary of each section, which is under a subheading, of the reading.

From the Paper
"The main idea of this section is the author's medical and psychological research into criminals, and what he hopes to find. The author uses an abnormal autopsy as his evidence that criminal brains are more animalistic than "normal" brains. The evidence is not conclusive here, because the author has only found one abnormal brain out of numerous brains studied, and this is not enough to make his point or his theory correct."

Tags:criminal, brain, studies, atavistic, abnormal, epilepsy, morbid, criminaloid, insane, illiterate