From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Research has suggested that the brain, which has a symmetrical structure, may have different functions on different sides of that structure, with the degree of development of one hemisphere over the other indicating differences in cognitive ability, behavior patterns, and other dimensions of mental functioning. Scientists believe that nature "intends" for certain structures and behaviors to be symmetrical, and the issue then arises as to why they do not develop in precisely that fashion. The structures of the brain are symmetrical in appearance, but they are asymmetrical in functioning. A recent article in the British magazine The Economist analyzes this issue, the issue of what is called fluctuating asymmetry, in an attempt to show how these fluctuations may be related to broader.."

Abstract
This paper compares engraver Albrecht Durer?s 16th-century visual representation of Adam and Eve as an example of of gender roles in the Bible with the text of the creation story as told in Genesis.

From the Paper
"Through its dual account of the creation of Eve, the Bible reflects the conflicting nature of society's perception of woman. On one hand, she is man's equal partner, his wife and the mother of his children. On the other, she is secondary to him, inferior in both mind and body. In addition to its occurrence in Biblical literature, evidence of this dual nature of womanhood can be found in our culture's visual history. By studying various artists? renditions of scenes from Genesis, it is apparent that there are two perceptions of Eve that correspond to the double nature of women: equal and non-equal. Durer's Adam and Eve is rife with these examples of dichotomy. In his engraving, Durer depicts the couple in the Garden of Eden the moment before Eve accepts the apple from the serpent. Whereas certain aspects of the composition point out the physical similarities between Adam and Eve, there are also hints at an implicit hierarchy between the genders. This mixture of equality and inequality underlines the conflict in Genesis: while the likeness between Adam and Eve is reminiscent of the first, simultaneous creation story, their differences reflect the gender asymmetry that characterizes the second creation myth."

Tags:art, durer, genesis, rib, knowledge, genesis

Abstract
This paper discusses Bernd Kempa's article titled "The Global Economy: Financial, Monetary, Trade and Knowledge Asymmetries". The writer studies questions over what regulation should apply to e-money systems, particularly of small-scale transaction services). Various e-money application systems are examined in this article, including both card-based and network-based systems, Mondex and Geldkarte.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze Bern Kempa's essay on "The Global Economy: financial, Monetary, Trade and Knowledge Asymmetries". Kempa's thesis is based on the assumption that the emergence of electronic money will impact destabilize money markets and weaken monetary policies. He suggests that e-money poses as a potential threat to central bank money and to the existence of money itself. Kempa discusses how e-money first came about, as a result from advancement in cryptography and smart card technology."

Tags:e, money, retailer, issuer

Abstract
The paper relates that the human brain is known to be asymmetrical, wherein different types of emotions are associated with different sides of the brain, however, which emotions are associated with the left side and which are associated with the right side is still a subject of controversy. There are questions whether the right brain is involved with anxiety and/or depression; this article investigates the frontal brain asymmetry (FBA) by using a new method in measuring metabolic changes in the frontal lobes of the brain when anxiety is induced. The researchers' hypothesis was that anxiety is associated with an increased metabolic activity in the right frontal cortex.

From the Paper
"The human brain is known to be asymmetrical, wherein different types of emotions are associated with different sides of the brain. However, which emotions are associated with the left side and which are associated with the right side is still a subject of controversy. There are questions whether the right brain is involved with anxiety and/or depression."

Tags:brain, asymmetry, anxiety

Abstract
The paper discusses Thomas Nagel's understanding of the significance of death as being bad in contrast to Epicurus who does not consider death as bad. The paper argues that Nagel's argument is the more sound of the two as he recognizes the fundamental asymmetry in our valuations of life and death. The paper attempts to show how Epicurus' argument is invalid in its basic premise given its limited conception of the meaning of death.

From the Paper
"Nagel's argument that death is bad is rendered particularly strong by his willingness to address opposing views from the outset, and thus carefully establish the boundaries of his argument. For example, Nagel decides to leave aside the complex debate over whether we are "immortal" in some fashion - immortality implying continuation of consciousness in one form or another - and define death as being the absence of any "conscious survival" (Nagel 31). Similarly, he is equally careful to restrict the valuation of life to one's subjectivity instead of viewing it in an objective sense. This removes complications that may come from an "objective" viewing of the valuation of life from the perspective of others (Nagel 31). Having thus carefully framed the boundaries of his argument, Nagel presents his key contention with regard to the "asymmetry" in our understanding of the significance of death versus life."

Tags:asymmetry, tragedy, fear, subjectivity, immortality, Lucretius

Abstract
In this paper, the two sculptures: "Saint Peter as Pope" (14th century) and "Statue of a Prophet or a Saint" (14th Century) are compared and contrasted. By understanding the various compositional aspects of linearity, symmetry, asymmetry, and style, they represent two differing visions of the saintly and authoritarian roles of iconic leaders within the Roman Catholic faith.

Tags:saint, peter, sculpture

Abstract
The paper argues, with reference to Nagel's and Epicurus' perspectives, that Nagel's argument is the more sound of the two as he recognizes the fundamental asymmetry in our valuations of life and death. The paper shows how Epicurus' argument is invalid in its basic premise given its limited conception of the meaning of death. The paper therefore demonstrates how Nagel's argument is especially compelling and convincing.

From the Paper
"Thomas Nagel's understanding of the significance of death as being bad is complex, and must be understood within its wider philosophical and popular contexts. Nagel's broad consideration of both the philosophical and the popular views of death render his approach to this topic distinct from other philosophers, such as Epicurus, who consider that death is not bad. This essay will argue, with reference to both perspectives, that Nagel's argument is the more sound of the two as he recognizes the fundamental asymmetry in our valuations of life and death. In contrast, Epicurus'..."

Tags:death, life, meaning

Abstract
This paper discusses Frank Lloyd Wright's home and studio, entitled "Taliesin West," as seen through the eyes and artistic principles of the Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. The paper describes the building and then discusses how Wright's use of asymmetry and rough-hewn materials would not appeal to Palladio's architectural principles.

From the Paper
"It might be objected that Palladio was not entirely anti-natural in his material and design and thus may have objected less strenuously to Wright's work than might be alleged. It is true gardens were important to Palladio's works, and the outdoors and the space of the composition are integrated into many of Palladio's designs. However, in balancing the relationship between the exterior and the interior, proportionality was always key, as was to make the Roman designs seem spacious and airy. His most famous work, the Palazzo Godi at Lonedo (1540) above all makes use of a balanced composition of mass, is dignified in detail, and uses the light and the space in a way that draws attention to the architect's fundamental design, not causes the gazer to look differently at the natural world. To gaze upon Wright's "Taliesin West" changes not simply one's view of what architecture should accomplish--one never looks at nature the same way again, either. One sees human dwellings at one with nature, rather than resisting its effects, as was common in classical and Renaissance works of architecture."

Tags:Renaissance, design, symmetry

Abstract
This paper discusses the life and work of Louis Pasteur. It chronicles his discoveries of crystal asymmetry, the germ theory, vaccination, sepsis and pasteurization. The paper also discusses his work with fermentation, anthrax and rabies.

From the Paper
"Louis Pasteur was born in Dole in the region of Dura France and grew up in the town of Arbois. He was not an outstanding student in elementary school and took an early interest in drawing. However the headmaster of the local college recognized his potential and had him enrolled in the prestigious French University Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, founded to train outstanding students for University careers in science and letters. Pasteur became a chemist studying..."

Tags:anthrax, rabies, vaccination, germ theory

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that unlike the food market, the healthcare market is incapable of self-regulating. The writere explains that for a market to completely self-regulate five ideal conditions must be present. The writer notes that, firstly, the consumer must be in a position of certainty in relation to what is needed, when it is needed and where it can be obtained. Secondly, there must be an absence of externalities produced as an unintended consequence of production or consumption. Thirdly, the writer points out that consumers must possess perfect knowledge with respect to what options are available in terms of competing products, the relative quality of those products and what those products will contribute to their self-interest. Fourthly, the consumer must be able to act free of self-interested advice of producers. Finally, the writer states that producers should be able to compete primarily in terms of price alone. The writer then explains that,
whereas the market for food meets each of those conditions to varying degrees, the market for healthcare fails across the board. The writer concludes that there are good economic and not merely ideological reasons why the UK has a National Health Service and not a National Food Service.

Outline:
Risk and Uncertainty
Externalities
Asymmetry of knowledge between service users and providers
The purpose and necessity of governmental intervention in healthcare
(b) Efficiency and equity as the measures of evidence-based medicine
Social bias in the production of EBM
Social bias and the application of EBM
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Moral hazard refers to the change in attitude that occurs on the part of both service users and service providers when responsibility for the cost of healthcare is born by a third party in return for a premium. On the demand side this can lead to over-use since consumers have no need to worry about costs once premiums have been paid. On the supply side there is little incentive for keeping costs low since insurance companies are responsible for the costs of healthcare and not the end user. The result is one of increased cost and decreased efficiency."
"A second problem arising from the role of private insurance is that of 'diseconomies of small scale'. Instead of one central body dealing with the administration of healthcare costs, lots of small competing insurance companies shoulder the burden of administrative costs individually. This in turn decreases efficiency and increases the costs of insurance premiums."

Tags:consumer, producers, treatments, costs, insurance