Abstract
The paper reviews asymmetric information and discusses how the failure of Canadian policy makers to appreciate it as a symptom of market failure, made it all too easy for them to later overlook it as a fundamental cause of the decline of a major Canadian airline subsidized by Transport Canada. Beyond that, the paper also examines how this malaise affected Transport Canada's curious inability to find the information it needed in both security matters and when it came time to privatize some of its holdings.

From the Paper
"The relationship between asymmetric information (which is essentially one party in free market transactions knowing more than the other party) and market failure has arguably been under-acknowledged by policy makers throughout the history of the modern bureaucratic state - at least in matters pertaining to the state's involvement in the dispensation of "merit goods" to a public that may, for a host of reasons, be unreceptive to whatever it is that the state considers "meritorious"."

Tags:transport, canada, asymmetry

Abstract
This paper explains that Michelangelo's sculpture of David is an excellent example of how an artist can combine the principles of design to create a masterpiece: balance, unity, movement, pattern, emphasis, rhythm, and contrast. The author points out that the visual equilibrium of the sculpture, or its balance, is asymmetrical; the statue is shaped with an "S" curve, which combines the elements of balance and grace. The paper relates that the element of pattern in David reveals Michelangelo's genius of human anatomy, for example, the veins in David's right hand.

From the Paper
"Michelangelo also displays an excellent use of contrast in David. David's hair is wavy and his skin is smooth. Contrast can also be seen in the wrinkles on David's face, the veins in his hands, and in the texture of his slingshot. The form of the statue also plays with shadows and light, which gives it a realistic feel. In terms of contrast, Michelangelo's David is true to human form. In addition, Michelangelo was careful not to add too much contrast to David. This could explain why David is not wearing any clothing or shoes. Too much contrast would certainly diminish the physical beauty of man that Michelangelo wished to emphasize. From this viewpoint, it is easy to understand why Michelangelo utilized a very limited amount of contrast in his sculpture."

Tags:contrast, anatomy, asymmetrical, masterpiece, unity

Abstract
This paper refers to concepts of proportional representation, regional representation and asymmetrical federalism in reference to the status of Quebec in Canada. It calls for a reformed and strengthened Canadian Senate to promote provincial interests within the federal system.

From the Paper
"Still, in the current Canadian political context, the Senate does serve some functions. However, the potential exists to expand its role and structure to serve a more active role in the Canadian political system. Specifically, the Senate ought to be reformed and strengthened to promote provincial interests within the federal system. Existing models and concepts of Senate reform will be critically evaluated before a model is presented which will attempt to rectify existing problems, as well as to avoid potential failings which critics of Senate reform often predict."

Tags:asymmetrical, constitution, federalism, proportional, representation, canada, political, system, provincial, regional, reform

Abstract
This paper first explains that Mary Louise Pratt's term "contact zone" refers to social spaces where cultures meet, clash and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism. The paper then discusses the problems that tourism can create in the contact zones between tourists and natives. Tourism in the Okavango Delta of Botswana and the Borderlands between Mexico and the U.S. is explored as examples of contact zones. The paper stresses that tourist needs to consider sustainable tourism, where the socio-cultural identity of the natives is protected.

From the Paper
"In places that foster enclave-tourism, the relations of power are very asymmetrical. The tourists have more money and more power, as do the international companies involved in the tourism industry, while the natives assimilate to the tourists and the industry. This assimilation happens because the minority culture wants to appeal to the tourists better. It also happens, and this is seen mostly in the younger generations, because the minorities find themselves wanting to be more like the dominant culture, which makes this case different from that of Poma."

Tags:autoethnographic assimilation minority transculturation, dominant society

Abstract
The paper relates that the human brain is known to be asymmetrical, wherein different types of emotions are associated with different sides of the brain, however, which emotions are associated with the left side and which are associated with the right side is still a subject of controversy. There are questions whether the right brain is involved with anxiety and/or depression; this article investigates the frontal brain asymmetry (FBA) by using a new method in measuring metabolic changes in the frontal lobes of the brain when anxiety is induced. The researchers' hypothesis was that anxiety is associated with an increased metabolic activity in the right frontal cortex.

From the Paper
"The human brain is known to be asymmetrical, wherein different types of emotions are associated with different sides of the brain. However, which emotions are associated with the left side and which are associated with the right side is still a subject of controversy. There are questions whether the right brain is involved with anxiety and/or depression."

Tags:brain, asymmetry, anxiety

Abstract
The paper discusses how international trade has become the backbone of our modern, commercial world, in which producers in various countries profit from an expanded global market. The paper relates that, on the one hand, international trade has lifted large populations out of poverty as the theory of comparative advantage is put into practice by more people across the world. The paper also explains, however that, on the other hand, globalization of world trade has also resulted in serious problems such as growing socio-economic inequality and an "asymmetrical" growth of economies.

From the Paper
"Adam Smith demonstrated in his Magnus opus, "The Wealth of Nations," way back in 1776, that individuals would be better off if they specialize, instead of trying to be economically self-sufficient. He also suggested that the same principle can be applied to international trade, i.e., countries can exchange the products and services that they are relatively good at producing for those things that other countries are relatively better at producing for mutual benefit. David Ricardo (1772-1823), British economist and businessman, went a step further in extolling the virtues of International trade through his theory of Comparative Advantage by suggesting that it can be beneficial for two countries to trade, even if one of them is able to produce each item more cheaply than the other. Despite these theories, the subject of globalized trade still invites controversy. Let us see whether countries really benefit from international trade."

Tags:free, trade, globalization, comparative, advantage, inequality, Adam, Smith

Abstract
Gaugin's "Ia Orana Maria" and Reni's "The Immaculate Conception" are two very different representations of the Virgin Mary. The paper explains that by utilizing more classical composition techniques, smooth, curving lines and rich, strong colors, Reni portrays Mary as an idealized version of Baroque femininity in a heavenly setting. It shows, in contrast, how Gauguin adheres to the primitive tradition, illustrating Mary as a native woman, a naked Christ child set on her shoulders. His use of asymmetrical composition in a cluttered, unplanned scene provides a feeling of energy and naturalism, a striking contrast to the serenity of Reni's work. The paper shows therefore that in illustrating the Virgin Mary in their works, each painter adheres to the very different sensibilities of their time periods.

From the Paper
"Paul Gaugin's "Ia Orana Maria," translated as "Hail Mary," treats a similar subject matter, in that it illustrates the Virgin Mary with adoring attendants. However, this is not the Mary of the Immaculate Conception, but with Christ who is perched upon her shoulders. Painted in the post-impressionist genre known as Arcadia, which exemplifies scenes of blissful simplicity and retreat from the complex, this work was completed in 1891 and hangs in the Metropolitan Museum in New York. It is not a large work, only 44 inches by about 36 inches. In keeping with its primitive tradition, and in stark contrast to "The Immaculate Conception," the composition is highly asymmetrical, with the central Mary figure set off to the right of the picture. The poses are unstudied, casual and almost accidental, with Mary and the Christ child looking at the viewer, and the two prayerful, adoring native women gazing at them. This casual approach may be an attempt of Gauguin to emphasize the "naturalness" of the scene, despite the obviously supernatural halos."

Tags:Arcadia, Metropolitan, Museum, Orana, Maria

Abstract
In this paper the author takes an in-depth look at bimanual coordination and assess the extent to which hands can move in a synchronous manner and, conversely, the extent to which they can be 'uncoupled' according to task demands. The author attempts to discover whether bimanual coordination is the product of learning or a physical process.

From the paper:

Human movement is composed of a large number of components, which include neurons, muscles, and joints. Past studies on bimanual coordination have revealed a general preference to move the limbs in a symmetrical fashion, also denoted as in the in-phase mode. Its counterpart, the asymmetrical or anti-phase mode, is performed with lower degrees of accuracy and stability. This tendency to activate the homologous muscle groups is referred to as the muscle grouping constraint (egocentric constraint)."

Tags:Spatial, Temporal, Motor, Control, Cerebellum, Dyslexia, Homologous, Muscles, coordination, Neurological, Max, hands, Plank

Abstract
This paper examines the future of Quebecois nationalism and Canadian federalism. It focuses on the rise of contemporary Quebecois nationalism and proposes asymmetrical federalism as the solution to preserve the Canadian union.

Abstract
This paper deals with two system theories that attempt to explain how asymmetrical power relations in respect of economics, politics and society from the global organization of nations and states. It includes a brief history of these system theories, their ontology and epistemology and an analysis of their critiques.

From the Paper
"The idea of a systems approach to political economy originated in the natural sciences; the world is seen as a whole entity and in this respect it is a holistic view, i.e. the properties of a system cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its components alone. This is a departure from previous subjectivist theories that considered the objective sphere an unknown and/or an unknowable concept. "

Tags:determinism, economy, global, historical, materialism, organisation, political