Abstract The paper reviews asymmetric information and discusses how the failure of Canadian policy makers to appreciate it as a symptom of market failure, made it all too easy for them to later overlook it as a fundamental cause of the decline of a major Canadian airline subsidized by Transport Canada. Beyond that, the paper also examines how this malaise affected Transport Canada's curious inability to find the information it needed in both security matters and when it came time to privatize some of its holdings.
From the Paper "The relationship between asymmetric information (which is essentially one party in free market transactions knowing more than the other party) and market failure has arguably been under-acknowledged by policy makers throughout the history of the modern bureaucratic state - at least in matters pertaining to the state's involvement in the dispensation of "merit goods" to a public that may, for a host of reasons, be unreceptive to whatever it is that the state considers "meritorious"."
Abstract This paper refers to concepts of proportional representation, regional representation and asymmetrical federalism in reference to the status of Quebec in Canada. It calls for a reformed and strengthened Canadian Senate to promote provincial interests within the federal system.
From the Paper "Still, in the current Canadian political context, the Senate does serve some functions. However, the potential exists to expand its role and structure to serve a more active role in the Canadian political system. Specifically, the Senate ought to be reformed and strengthened to promote provincial interests within the federal system. Existing models and concepts of Senate reform will be critically evaluated before a model is presented which will attempt to rectify existing problems, as well as to avoid potential failings which critics of Senate reform often predict."
Abstract This paper explains that Michelangelo's sculpture of David is an excellent example of how an artist can combine the principles of design to create a masterpiece: balance, unity, movement, pattern, emphasis, rhythm, and contrast. The author points out that the visual equilibrium of the sculpture, or its balance, is asymmetrical; the statue is shaped with an ?S? curve, which combines the elements of balance and grace. The paper relates that the element of pattern in David reveals Michelangelo's genius of human anatomy, for example, the veins in David's right hand.
From the Paper "Michelangelo also displays an excellent use of contrast in David. David's hair is wavy and his skin is smooth. Contrast can also be seen in the wrinkles on David's face, the veins in his hands, and in the texture of his slingshot. The form of the statue also plays with shadows and light, which gives it a realistic feel. In terms of contrast, Michelangelo's David is true to human form. In addition, Michelangelo was careful not to add too much contrast to David. This could explain why David is not wearing any clothing or shoes. Too much contrast would certainly diminish the physical beauty of man that Michelangelo wished to emphasize. From this viewpoint, it is easy to understand why Michelangelo utilized a very limited amount of contrast in his sculpture."
Abstract This paper discusses globalization's affects on global divisions between the rich and the poor. In particular, the paper looks at this state of affairs and links it to broader class discussions about spatial interaction, scale, human/nature relationships and "space, place, and landscape." It analyzes the consequences of asymmetric exchanges of investment and people in different parts of the world. The paper focuses its discussion on the situation in Thailand. It contains an annotated bibliography at the end of the paper.
From the Paper "The importance of this discussion is really two-fold. On one hand, demographic trends suggest that the Caucasian or "Western" percentage of the world's population will continue to decline relative to its non-white brethren over the next century; as a result, it is imperative that we understand the factors which are creating problems for that ever-growing proportion of the global population that is non-white. Clearly, if it can be proved that globalization benefits affluent (and demographically stagnant) western nations over demographically explosive Asian or South American nations, then the growing cost of this unjust arrangement will eventually cause debilitating political and social upheavals. In a related vein, there is evidence now available that Europe's share of the global market has declined relative to the share of the market enjoyed by China and by India. If this European decline continues, these latter nations may find themselves in the same position that poorer, developing countries found themselves in throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries; needless to say, if Europe wishes to be treated humanely by the new "masters of the house", it should endeavor to "smooth out" whatever rough edges of globalization are creating misery and poverty elsewhere."
Abstract This paper summarizes, compares and contrasts the technology behind cable modems and ADSL, discusses the limitations of both technologies, and suggests solutions to those limitations.
Part 1: Summary of the Two Related Technologies
Cable Modems
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines
Part 2: Compare and Contrast the Two Related Technologies Pertaining to Cost and Performance
Cost of Cable Modems and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines
Performance of Cable Modems and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines
Part 3: Analyze the Limitations of the Two Technologies
Limitations of Cable Modems
Limitations of Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines
Part 4: Suggestions and Solutions to Overcome Limitations of the Two Related Technologies
Suggestions and Solutions to the Limitations of Cable Modems
Suggestions and Solutions to the Limitations of Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines
From the Paper "So are these two technologies expensive? I guess that depends on your meaning of expensive. The cost of cable modems depends on the way it is purchased. "Most users rent the modems from the cable company for just a few dollars, just as they rent their cable boxes. An Ethernet Card is required for a cost of $50.00 or so, and most companies have an installation charge of fifty to one hundred dollars.'"
Abstract This paper deals with the application of macroeconomic principals to real-world problems, by detailing and analyzing instances in which the fictional protagonist makes deductions about criminal behavior patterns by using economic concepts.
From the Paper "Economics is not something the average person thinks of as being practical in an everyday sense. Most people"excepting those who are economists"are only exposed to economic thinking when they"re filing their tax returns, or when they"re trying to figure out why Alan Greenspan can announce that he doesn"t feel so well today and suddenly the stock market crashes (why is that, anyway"). Fortunately, Professor Henry Spearman is not an everyday person. In fact, the protagonist of Marshall Jevons? "A Deadly Indifference" proves that economic thinking can not only be practical, but can actually solve crimes. This came as no surprise to me, of course, because I am a regular viewer of ?The X-Files,? where such extraordinary things happen every week."
An examination of bimanual coordination and the suggestion that it is the result of a complex set of neurological events which can be enhanced under the proper learning conditions.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 9 sources, 2001, $ 43.95
Abstract In this paper the author takes an in-depth look at bimanual coordination and assess the extent to which hands can move in a synchronous manner and, conversely, the extent to which they can be 'uncoupled' according to task demands. The author attempts to discover whether bimanual coordination is the product of learning or a physical process.
From the paper:
?Human movement is composed of a large number of components, which include neurons, muscles, and joints. Past studies on bimanual coordination have revealed a general preference to move the limbs in a symmetrical fashion, also denoted as in the in-phase mode. Its counterpart, the asymmetrical or anti-phase mode, is performed with lower degrees of accuracy and stability. This tendency to activate the homologous muscle groups is referred to as the muscle grouping constraint (egocentric constraint).?
The following in-depth paper discusses ways in which schools can improve their own public confidence in a specific school district including communication between schools and community.
Abstract This report discusses schools and community relations with reference to four different models proposed by Grunig and Hunt for public relations: Press agency/publicity, information, the two-way asymmetric model and the two-way symmetric model. The author contends that it is imperative for a school board to work for the betterment of students. This paper stresses the importance of having the students' interests first, when coming up with ways to improve community relations. It also deals with ways in which to improve relations between staff and board members, parents and children by building forum structures in order to discuss problems. In addition ways in which to ensure quality education and strict discipline are also proposed amongst other issues.
From the Paper "The schools in the district should do an effective job and let the public know about the success and challenges faced by the school. The confidence of the public in the schools should be increased, by encouraging more residents of the school district to participate in the school decisions. It was determined that education is rated as the highest concern by the public-higher than crime and taxes. The schools should make the public aware of the difficulties experienced in the classroom such as: disruptive behavior by students, students disrespect for authority and resistance of the student towards learning. Regular school district meetings may help the school get suggestions from the public in handling these problems. Schools should be personalized to suit the community that it serves. All involved should be aware of their individual roles in the operation of the various schools in the district. Educators should collectively try to gain the public and legislative confidence and support. Educators should stop fighting among themselves and form better working relationships with the business community in the area."
An analysis of the emergence of a global conciousness around the world of technology and its use for further extension of the abilities of the human species.
Abstract This paper is an objective observation of the development of the human species. It discusses the implications and effects of the principals of cybernetics based on spontaneous emergence of an international neural network of interconnectivity which is swiftly evolving to being of equivalence to a global consciousness and its exponential growth. It explores the evident implications of systemic development and growth of the internet as an international forum of connectivity and its direct effect on the species with views of its systemic principals, their interaction and the potential threat of external moderation of such information distribution.
From the Paper "As time progresses the accessibility of the Internet is situating itself in a form of networking which allows a vaster quantity of people to 'get connected' every day and the forced moderation of the Internet has potentially dire consequences. This paper shall outlay the physical emergence of a neural network of interconnectivity, the implications of its overview and of the downward trend of the species, stipulating negative trends towards any form of inherent obligations to genetic selective retention."
Abstract Security is one of the primary concerns when an organization connects its private network to the Internet (Rowe, 1998, 26). In 1995, 1290 network managers reported financial losses due to ineffective network security (Lopez, 1996, 41).
From the Paper "TRANSACTION SECURITY ON THE INTERNET
Introduction
Security is one of the primary concerns when an organization connects its private network to the Internet (Rowe, 1998, 26). In 1995, 1290 network managers reported financial losses due to ineffective network security (Lopez, 1996, 41). Twenty percent of those respondents indicated that breaches in network security stemming from Internet connections were to blame.
Increasing numbers of private networks need access to Internet services, and corporations want to offer Web access to their current and potential customers. To achieve this, an organization needs the protection that a SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) can provide (Maglitta & Booker, 1994, 79). There are many parts to an SET."
Abstract This paper discusses how ever since the "Thalidomide" incidence last century there has been an ever-increasing amount of resources injected into optical isomeric research and in attaining pure enantiomeric products. It shows how due to different stereochemical characteristics, different isomers will have different interactions with biological receptors in the body, giving rise to different actions. A resultant undesirable effect is therefore inherently possible upon the consumption of chiral drugs, for that reason it is imperative that the end drug mixture is as entiomerically pure as possible. It describes the 3 basic methodologies for single enantiomers: chirality pool, kinetic resolution and asymmetric synthesis and examines the basis of and the techniques of separating them.
From the Paper "One way of the use of chirality pool molecules merely requires the maintenance of pre-existing chirality throughout a synthesis, with transformation of other parts of the molecule by formation of new chemical bonds or inter-conversion of functional groups. Otherwise, utilising chirality pool can afford a so-called "control element" for the creation of new stereogenic centres by "substrate-directable" reactions. Such reactions may involve complete transfer of chirality from one region to another intra-molecularly.[1]"
Abstract Gaugin's "Ia Orana Maria" and Reni's "The Immaculate Conception" are two very different representations of the Virgin Mary. The paper explains that by utilizing more classical composition techniques, smooth, curving lines and rich, strong colors, Reni portrays Mary as an idealized version of Baroque femininity in a heavenly setting. It shows, in contrast, how Gauguin adheres to the primitive tradition, illustrating Mary as a native woman, a naked Christ child set on her shoulders. His use of asymmetrical composition in a cluttered, unplanned scene provides a feeling of energy and naturalism, a striking contrast to the serenity of Reni's work. The paper shows therefore that in illustrating the Virgin Mary in their works, each painter adheres to the very different sensibilities of their time periods.
From the Paper "Paul Gaugin's "Ia Orana Maria," translated as "Hail Mary," treats a similar subject matter, in that it illustrates the Virgin Mary with adoring attendants. However, this is not the Mary of the Immaculate Conception, but with Christ who is perched upon her shoulders. Painted in the post-impressionist genre known as Arcadia, which exemplifies scenes of blissful simplicity and retreat from the complex, this work was completed in 1891 and hangs in the Metropolitan Museum in New York. It is not a large work, only 44 inches by about 36 inches. In keeping with its primitive tradition, and in stark contrast to "The Immaculate Conception," the composition is highly asymmetrical, with the central Mary figure set off to the right of the picture. The poses are unstudied, casual and almost accidental, with Mary and the Christ child looking at the viewer, and the two prayerful, adoring native women gazing at them. This casual approach may be an attempt of Gauguin to emphasize the "naturalness" of the scene, despite the obviously supernatural halos."
Abstract This paper tests flypaper effect empirically using real expenditure data in state of Iowa and Georgia using the popular empirical expenditure specification. As a result of estimation, the writers finds that Iowa has the obvious flypaper effect, while Georgia does not. Section I is an introduction of the concepts at hand. Section II presents how flypaper effect leads to expansion effect on government expenditures graphically. Section III reviews traditional and current empirical literature on flypaper effect. Section IV simplifies the estimated expenditure function in order to show flypaper effect in Iowa and Georgia using 1990 data set. Section V investigates somewhat puzzling results in Georgia based on derivation of elasticities of expenditure with regard to income and intergovernmental grants. Section VI contains the summary and conclusion.
From the Paper "I. Introduction In providing a rationale for the observation that an increase in lump-sum governmental aid effects a larger increase in local government expenditures than an equivalent increase in residential incomes does, economists have offered the explanations for the so-called "flypaper effect" of state and local public finance. This paper aims to test flypaper effect empirically using 1990's expenditure data in state of Iowa and Georgia. According to Bocherding and Deacon (1982), Bergstrom and Goodman (1983), the popular empirical expenditure specification in local public finance is ln E = b0 + b1 In M + b2 ln TS + b3 ln(TS * A) + b4 ln N + b5 ln D + v, where E is total general expenditure, M is median household income, TS is tax share, which property tax divided by gross property tax base, A is an intergovernmental aid receipts from federal and state government, N is jurisdiction population, D is population density, and v is a stochastic error. Since model specification is log-linear form, b coefficients show an elasticity of expenditure with regard to the corresponding explanatory variables. Interestingly, the estimated expenditure functions of Georgia and Iowa, respectively, have a crucial difference of their coefficients of governmental aids and incomes. In case of Iowa, it is easy to show "flypaper effect" since b3(0.77) is larger than b1(0.29). However, in Georgia, b3(0.19) is smaller than b1(0.28), suggesting that the effect of money income on expenditure is greater than that of aids. It is a contradiction of "flypaper effect" in Georgia. In order to verify the puzzling results in Georgia, this paper scrutinizes b coefficient. Since b1 and b3 represents an elasticity of expenditure with regard to income and intergovernmental aid, respectively, the more information on the means for county data in Georgia is needed for verifying flypaper effect. As a result of derivation, Georgia also has the significant flypaper effect as well as Iowa does. The discussion is organized as follows. Section II presents how flypaper effect leads to expansion effect on government expenditures graphically. Section III reviews traditional and current empirical literatures on flypaper effect. Section IV simplifies the estimated expenditure function in order to show flypaper effect in Iowa and Georgia using 1990 data set. Section V investigates somewhat puzzling results in Georgia based on derivation of elasticities of expenditure with regard to income and intergovernmental grants. Section VI contains the summary and conclusion. "
Abstract This five-page paper is on "Using cryptography to secure data". It includes the description, the advantages, disadvantages and the examples of symmetric cryptography, asymmetric cryptography, block cipher and stream cipher.
Abstract This paper examines the future of Quebecois nationalism and Canadian federalism. It focuses on the rise of contemporary Quebecois nationalism and proposes asymmetrical federalism as the solution to preserve the Canadian union.
