Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the "free flight" system of air traffic control and compares it with the present air traffic control system. The paper also describes the limitations of the current air traffic system and then goes on to explain how the 'free flight' system promises efficiency and profitability for the airline industry.

From the Paper
"With more than 50,000 flights taking to the skies everyday the present US air traffic control system places increasing strain on the control room staff who have the responsibility of tracking, guiding and directing the pilots. Under the current system, the air traffic controllers resolve conflicts in airspace using radar signals and regulating traffic by means of adjusting the altitude and speed limit of the different flights. As James Coyne, president of the National Air Transportation Association, says, "All of the information that flows to and from a pilot today in virtually all aircraft is done on a strictly single-voice channel, back and forth, with human beings actually saying all the words live. As anyone can imagine, that is an extremely inefficient way to convey data." [Jacques Leslie] Pilots are dependent upon the instructions from the control room to avoid conflicts and disaster in airspace. Once the aircraft is cleared by the departure controller and left the TRACON (terminal radar control) airspace, it is monitored enroute by the personnel in the ARTCC (Air Route Traffic Control Center) who continue to provide the pilots with the traffic, altitude and speed instructions. [Craig C. Freudenrich Ph.D] For most airways however, the stipulated altitude, route and speed restrictions do not contribute to optimal efficiency."

Tags:deregulation, satellite, technology, navigation, equipments, radars, aviation, communication

Abstract
The paper describes the aviation accident that involved the United Airlines Flight 232 in 1989. The paper explores the three main remarkable factors in this episode and the five important factors that contributed to the success of the emergency response. The paper shows how this United Airlines Flight 232 crash was a watershed event in the history of commercial aviation. The paper appends a color image of the wreckage of the aircraft and a diagram showing seating and injury information.

Outline:
Abstract
United Airlines Flight 232

From the Paper
"On the 19th of July, 1989, a major aircraft accident took place in the U.S. which resulted in important changes in emergency equipments, procedures and responses. This accident involved the United Airlines Flight 232, a DC-10 which was proceeding from Denver to Chicago. When the wreckage was examined, parts of the second engine's fan blade were found embedded in the tail portion of the airplane. The damaged engine's fan module was not to be found at the scene of the wreckage. On examination, two significant fractures were found on the disk which indicated failure due to overstress. The fractures had originated from a fatigued portion situated on the internal diameter of the fan disk. The National Transportation Safety Board -- NTSB ascertained that the possible cause of this accident was the insufficient significance given to human limitations during quality control and inspection procedures while overhauling the engines at the United Airlines facility. The NTSB put the entire blame on the maintenance team at the United Airlines San Francisco facility."

Tags:accident, flight, controls, hydraulic, power, systems, cockpit, pilot, steering

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the air disaster involving Japan Airlines Flight 123, which crashed in 1985. The writer examines details of the Boeing flight, including intended flight path and plane information. Further, the writer provides a detailed analysis of the causes of the crash. In this paper, the findings of various federal organizations are also included.

From the Paper
"The last minutes of Japan Airlines Flight 123 from Tokyo have been the subject of intense debate since the Boeing crashed on August 1985. It remains to date the worst single plane air crash in history. Twelve minutes into a domestic run from Haneda Airport Tokyo to Osaka Flight 123 experienced every pilot and passenger's nightmare: a total loss of hydraulic pressure, as well as tail control, surfaces which rendered the piloting controls useless. The plane was out of control ... "

Tags:Japan, Airlines, Flight, 123, Air, safety, Crash, investigation

Abstract
This paper examines theories related to the evolution of vertebrate flight--the arboreal and the cursorial theories--and explains how they are assumed to have led to flight, as well as why scientists disagree about their validity.

From the Paper
"Flight in the animal kingdom takes place when an animal flaps its wings and thus creates aerodynamic forces that enable it to soar through the air. The evolution of vertebrate flight is in many respects a black box. Studying vertebrate flight after the fact requires scientists to make educated guesses about how and why flight developed. The only data with which modern scientists have to work is the fossil record so scientists must fill in the gaps by hypothesizing how today's flying..."

Tags:vertebrate, flight, fly, evolution, arboreal, cursorial, animal, theory, fossil record

Abstract
This report is a short investigative paper into what happened to United Airlines Flight 173 that crashed on December 28, 1978, into a heavily wooded but populated suburban area of Portland as it attempted to approach the Portland International Airport. It looks at how crash reconstruction experts, on-flight recorders and eye witness accounts were used to help provide insights into why the tragic event occurred.

From the Paper
"In the flight crew's defense, they were said to have been completely preoccupied with a landing gear malfunction and therefore overlooked the fact that they were in serious trouble due to the fuel shortage. The obvious question that comes to mind about this tragedy could be that weren't there other options such as a gear up landing? There have been successful gear up landings in the past and with foam technology today, the runway could literally have been made to resemble ice. Of course fuel combustion is a major concern for gear up landings. "A commuter jet, carrying 52 passengers was forced to circle Wichita's Mid-Continent airport for 1-? hours Saturday morning."

Tags:flight, recorders, malfunction, portland

Abstract
There are 933 flight schools in the United States, ranging from private facilities mostly located at airports to complete two- and four-year programs at some of the nation's colleges and universities. How well does each prepare its students to become commercial pilots for airlines or small, local and regional carriers? In this paper, I will discuss some selected pilot training schools and show what they offer students. In addition, I will touch on the area of minority recruitment and the presence of minorities and women in commercial aviation.

Tags:role, flight, schools

Abstract
This paper analyzes the work of Ishmael Reed, "Flight to Canada." The work tells of the importance of re-writing the slave narratives. In this work, there is a juxtaposing of genres, as poetry and prose are combined to tell different versions of the same story. In the end, both versions are valid, although the poetry allows the reader to see into Quickskill's emotions.

From the Paper
"Ishmael Reed's Flight to Canada is a telling work regarding the themes of the re-writing of history and an exploration of the African American experience. Reed is decidedly not interested in the Caucasian historical accounts of African American history, as is illustrated in this piece. One significant element of this work is the poems which are interspersed in between the story. These poems tell of the same details from the prose, yet they vary in features and in effectiveness. In Ishmael Reed's Flight to Canada, the opening poem, also entitled "Flight from Canada" tells of Quickskill's escape from slavery, and, although this tale is also related through the prose, the elements and thematic effectiveness of the poem allow the readers to understand Quickskill's character through a variety of means. Through the differences in the elements of the two genres, the reader ..."

Tags:flight, canada, reed

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the internal and external communication systems of two hospitals and compares them. The hospitals are Cedars Sinai in Los Angeles, and St. John's in Santa Monica. The paper also discusses the future of IT technology in healthcare.

From the Paper
"Communications is a vital component of any healthcare system. Getting accurate information to the right people in an expedient manner can be a matter of life and death for patients. With advancing technology paper trails are giving way to IT systems and operations as the nation strives to have all patient records computerized. (Gearon) This will allow doctors instant access to patient information wherever the patient is when they consult a doctor and eliminate life-threatening delays in treatment and mistakes caused by not knowing a patient's..."

Tags:communication, hospitals, IT, healthcare

Abstract
This paper presents a plan to upgrade the communication and volunteer programs of a church, and its objectives. It includes making the information more available, increasing volunteer opportunities, and encouraging people to ask for help as well as to give it.

Tags:communication operation improvement, volunteer

Abstract
This paper introduces and analyzes the topic of the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Specifically, it analyzes the accident that occurred on the morning of February 1, 2003 and discusses the events that led up to its occurrence. The paper then discusses what NASA learned from the Columbia disaster and the changes that it has implemented as a result.

From the Paper
"In conclusion, NASA learned much from the Columbia disaster, and they have implemented new flight techniques and safety checks that help ensure this type of accident does not happen again. However, the Columbia disaster indicates that communication and decision-making at NASA is sometime suspect, and that continues, even today, even though NASA has developed these new safety checks to help make sure disasters like Columbia do not happen again. While the communication techniques NASA officials use may come into question, ultimately, it is recognized that space travel, although we often take it for granted, is inherently dangerous. Astronauts know that, and so do their families. Every time we send another space shuttle into orbit, we face the possibility of disaster, it is that simple. Still, space travel has largely been safe, and it seems that NASA will continue to promote safe space travel into the future."

Tags:astronauts flight communication STS-107, Cape Canaveral