Abstract This paper explains that the advantage of satellite technology over direct wire transmission is obvious: Satellites can transmit data at light speed anywhere on the planet without impractical and costly wiring. The author writes about three general types of satellites, classified by the type of orbit they follow: (1) Geosynchronous orbit, GEO, in which the satellite's orbit is synchronized with the rotation of the earth; (2) Medium earth orbit, MEO, which gets closer to the earth because it utilizes an elliptical orbit, and (3) Low earth orbit, LEO, the most recent type of satellite, which are located approximately 450 miles above the surface of the Earth, and can be used for portable phones with smaller antennas. The paper relates that the attributes of satellite systems make them valuable for varying internet applications, but the primary difficulty now is congestion and associated delays; however, when LEO satellites become more abundant and dependable, it is probable that the amount of internet traffic, which LEO satellites can handle, will increase.
From the Paper "Fortunately, as the technologies improve-in both the internet and satellites-prices fall and these tools become more widely available. "Thanks to both the rapid deployment of the internet, and advances in satellite technology, the market for broadband satellite services is poised for substantial growth in the coming decade." Particularly, satellites in GEO orbits are being improved to be capable of relaying more information; with less latency and interference. Also, LEO satellites are being employed because they do not require the bulky equipment needed to improve the existing GEO satellites. Additionally, with the advent of dense wavelength division multiplexing along fiber optic cables, broadband capabilities should become exponentially greater."
Abstract This paper discusses the consensus reached by the International Astronomical Union in 2006 on the official definition of a planet, and the consequent reclassification of Pluto as a "dwarf planet." The writer explains what is known about Pluto today and describes the background to the controversy and the discoveries that led to the challenging of Pluto's status as a planet. Many scientists today still believe that Pluto is in fact a planet, and support a more expansive definition of what are called planets. The paper concludes that, as our knowledge of what constitutes planets continues to expand, Pluto may once again be considered a planet.
From the Paper "The recent controversy over Pluto's status as a planet reveals the fact that quite often, what seems like a scientific certainty is still quite contentious within the scientific community, when new discoveries are made through improved technology. In 1995, discoveries of large planets around other stars, plus new objects that are neither planet nor star, and free-floating objects in space that look like planets but do not orbit stars forced astronomers to reformulate definitions of what constituted a planet (Britt 2000). Extrasolar planets may originate as brown dwarf stars, lack light, and are even in some cases as large as Jupiter, yet they orbit stars like planets (Britt 2000). In defining whether these burnt-out brown dwarfs were planets in the early 90s were planets, the issue of Pluto's planetary status again came to the forefront of scientific debate."
Tags: comet, solar system, trans-Neptunian extrasolar, Kuiper Belt, asteroiduniverseorbitsatellite
Abstract This paper discusses the theory of global positioning satellites, illustrating the technology behind the system. The history of global positioning satellites is outlined, describing the first global positioning system, the transmission functions and the reception of information from global positioning satellites. The paper presents the advantages of the global positioning satellites system.
From the Paper "As the name suggests, the global positioning satellite system is based on satellites. It is a navigational system that comprises of a complex arrangement of satellites that orbit round the earth. Twenty-four in all, these satellites are eleven thousand nautical miles far in space. There are six dissimilar orbits wherein the satellites continually keep revolving. It takes these satellites twenty-four hours to complete two orbital revolutions round the Earth. Upon calculation, the revolutionary speed of these satellites is computed to be around 2,600 meters per second (JA-GPS.com)."
Tags: navigational, space, orbit, receivers, transmittors, almanac, ephemeris, pseudo-random, data
Abstract Iridium LLC, the world's first global satellite phone and paging company created an expensive network of 66 low-earth orbitingsatellites, combined with terrestrial cellular systems, which enabled customers to communicate virtually anywhere in the world using one phone and pager, one phone number and one monthly bill. This paper discusses how satellite mobile phones work. It then discusses the failure and bankruptcy of Iridium and proposes an alternative marketing strategy.
From the Paper "One of the current problems with satellite phones is that they require direct line-of-sight with a satellite, which means that it may be difficult to use them in buildings, especially modern ones which contain a lot of metal. Because of this, satellite phones will essentially provide an outdoor, rural service. They will be complementary to land based cellular systems and not competition for them."
Abstract The debate over the nature and function of the university is perhaps more heated today than it has even been in recent history. Although university campuses in the early twentieth century are not the sites of revolt and social/cultural turmoil that they were in the late 1960s, it may be argued that the university is more threatened today than it has ever been. In this context, the works of Clark Kerr and Bill Readings present complementary perspectives on the nature and future of university today. As will be argued, Readings believes that we are living amid the ruins of the university as an cultural institution, and that this community model must revise itself in terms of the transcultural global community of the future.
A business plan presented to the British Government for the establishment of an electronic university following proposals by the government for a boost in the higher education figures in the country.
Abstract In this business plan a proposal for the establishment of an electronic university in Britain is put forth. The business plan includes an introduction, and an extensive discussion of the specifics of the plan. Following this, the options, benefits, costs, impact and risks are outlined. A financial case for the electronic university is presented, along with a recommendation for the implementation of the electronic university concept.
From the Paper "This proposal for the development of an electronic university resulted from several, salient considerations. First, the British Government has set a goal of encouraging half of British citizens, over the age of thirty, to participate in higher education by the end of the year 2010. This ambitious and admirable higher education initiative will require the re-education of a significant portion of the existing workforce within Britain.
"This governmental higher education initiative is designed to meet the current explosion of jobs that require highly skilled and educated workers. Accordingly, the jobs that require a lower skill set are decreasing at a similar level. As a result, the British government has developed initiatives to try to increase the number of skilled workers within the British population, in order to support economic growth, especially in high tech industries within Britain."
Abstract This paper discusses what the universe is made up of, its age, how stars are formed and what is the future of our solar system. It discusses the history of the exploration of the universe. The author explains how In this century large telescopes are set up, far away from city lights and traffic to gather the best data for studying the skies. A brief overview of the theories on the origin of the universe is also given. The author concludes that although new theories are constantly being proposed and science is constantly to answer the question "Where did we come from"? , until now, no answer has satisfied everyone.
From the Paper "Man's fascination with the heavens is as old as recorded history itself. Astronomers from all civilizations"medieval to the present times"carefully observed the stars and their relative position in the night sky. Even in the medieval times, astronomers universally observed two features: that stars tended to drift westward with each passing night; and, despite this apparent movement, stars were always in a fixed position relative to each other. Anything that man could not explain, ending up fascinating him?as did the stars. It has been stated that when man loses his desire to explore the unknown, the human race will have sounded its own death knell."
Tags:universe, astronomy, stars, westward, observations, fixed, position
Abstract This paper examines the ethnocentrism of universalism including topics of particularism and essentialism. The author points out the moral philosophy of universalism and its supposition that certain human behaviors are always and everywhere acceptable or unacceptable. The paper explains why ethnocentrism can discriminate against a behavior while universalism cannot.
From the Paper "For many years, moral philosophy has been dominated by universalist and particularist ideas, both of which offer some important insights into social relationships of all kinds. Universalism is best summarized by the ..."
Abstract This paper looks at the Newtonian Universe, laws of gravity, the development of calculus, the laws of motion and the idea of the clockwork universe.
From the Paper "Sir Isaac Newton was considered by many the most important figure in the development of modern science, and his accomplishments covered a broad scope, from fundamental contributions to physics and astronomy, to the invention in parallel with Liebnitz of the mathematical field of calculus and Newtonian mechanics which came to be regarded as the ultimate explanatory science. Sir Isaac Newton changed the understanding of the universe with his three laws of motion."
Tags: gravity, clockwork universe, calculus, laws of motion
Abstract In this article, the writer analyzes 'The Shadow University', by Alan Charles Kors and Harvey Silverglate. The essay discusses the issue of freedom and freedom of speech on the campuses of American universities. Interestingly, the writer points out that the authors of this book make a compelling case that, in fact, the university is one of the least "free" institutions in the United States.
From the Paper "The Shadow University is a disturbing examination of the ways in which freedom is truncated on the campuses of American universities. The United States prides itself on its freedoms, particularly freedom of speech and freedom of the presses. Moreover, popular wisdom suggests that American universities are places where these freedoms are exemplified. The university has developed into a symbol of freedom and freedom of expression in the United States."
Abstract This paper examines the retention rate of African-American males in predominantly white universities. The paper compares the factors influencing African-American women versus men in completing their university studies. The author states that the purpose of this research is to find out exactly what the retention rate of African-American males in white universities is, and what explicit and implicit factors influence the retention rate.
Outline:
Research Question or Alternative Hypothesis
Independent Variable
Dependent Variables
Possible Confounding Variables
Research Design
Participants
Instrumentation
From the Paper "The retention rate of African American males has been a hotly debate topic in the college domain. Although statistics have shown that the overall retention rate of African Americans within college has progressively increased, few studies have specifically focused on the African American male student within a predominantly white university. Michael J. Cuyjet explains in his book, "Helping African American Men Succeed in College", that African American males are different from females in several different categories that include course learning, exposure to campus activites, use of student unions, involvement in clubs and organizations, etc (Cuyjet, Chapt. 1). The goal of this research study is to find out exactly what the retention rate of African American males in white universities is, and what explicit and implicit factors impact the overall impact the retention rate. We will conduct a research design that will consider the multiple factors within retention rates and develop a quantitative metholodgy to measure the factors contributing to African American male retention rates."
Tags: higher, education, African-American, males, academic, success, university
Abstract This paper identifies and discusses the diverse challenges that Jacksonville University must confront and address. The paper also looks at how these challenges will impact the university's survival and performance.
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to identify the diverse challenges that are confronted by Jacksonville University (JU). Based on the external scanning processes, the environmental threats and opportunities which will exert an impact on JU's survival and performance will be identified. Furthermore, how JU should deal with these environmental conditions or take advantage of the opportunities will also be considered by addressing its internal conditions. In the remainder of this paper, the current societal trends that will affect JU's survival and performance will first be highlighted."
Abstract The paper discusses how the primary objectification of ideas through freedom is virtually impossible, since it happens outside of the mind's ability to empirically define the reality of their existence. In this manner, the scientific universe of discourse must invariably mean to limit the freedom of the human mind to grasp objects that are created through some sort of universal pattern in Nature. The paper explains how this virtually limits mankind to a certain sphere of influence on how natural phenomena appear in Nature and how one can understand the complexity of these mysteries.
From the Paper "This philosophical analysis will seek to understand the premise of universal causality, which lies anterior to the premise of the human will or scientific discourse. Emmanuel Kant also saw universal causality as the premise for realizing that freedom was the basis of an idea, which could be manipulated due to the set laws of Nature. In this manner, the existing "object" mentioned in both of these quotes suggests that the human will is incapable of accessing the universal freedom, since it is an idea that cannot possibly be fully realized by human mind."
Abstract The paper discusses the California State University, where the stress and focus is towards multi-cultural diversity and learning, in contrast to the approach of the more traditional higher education centers in the US. The paper discusses the university's focus on the post-studies phase of a student's life, known as the outcome-based approach, where students are prepared for the rigors of professional life. The paper states that this makes them go through a comprehensive curriculum as well as community work, do internships, service learning and action research. The culmination of their learning comes in the form of completion of a Capstone project and the various major programs.
Outline:
Policy Outline for CSUMB
Benefits for Students with Disabilities
Sexual Harassment Policy at CSUMB
Violence Prevention Policy at CSUMB
From the Paper "Aggression is defined as "to commit the first act of hostility or offence". It is recognized that such behavior is observed in students when they perceive certain situations to be beyond their control and ability. Thus these emotions are misdirected and are centered towards the person who happens to be closest at hand. Thus the student aims to assert himself by demonstrating power and abusive behavior, and thus he unleashes his pent-up emotions."
