Abstract
The following essay will look at the experiences of wage-earners over the past 50 years within the Canadian automotive industry. As time and space allow, the paper will touch upon the industrial context over time; changes in the labour market; changes in training; the evolution (if any) of management policies; what technological modifications have taken place over the years; whether or not wages and benefits have improved over the years (at least relative to the cost of living): what the working conditions are like now versus in the past; whether or not there has been widespread resistance to anything automakers have tried to impose upon their subordinates; the family life of workers who have found themselves depending upon a steady job in the automotive sector for their livelihood; and, in brief, the paper will look at leisure and aspirations and how these have evolved over the decades. In the final analysis, after looking at the available literature and after interviewing two associates who both make their careers in the auto sector, a few things become evident: the industry has become more employer-friendly; it is much more difficult for a non-skilled individual to get work in the industry; management practices are less repressive than in the past (possibly thanks to changes in federal and provincial laws and legislation) but there is an eagerness to move facilities and branches elsewhere when it suits the bottom line; and, finally, job security is a fairly tenuous thing these days. All in all, the lot of the factory worker is a more difficult one that his or her father would have found it in his youth.

From the Paper
The Experiences of Wage-Earners over the Past Half-Century: A Look at the Automotive Industry The following essay will look at the experiences of wage-earners over the past 50 years within the Canadian automotive industry. As time and space allow, the paper will touch upon the industrial context over time; changes in the labour market; changes in training; the evolution (if any) of management policies; what technological modifications have taken place over the years; whether or not wages and benefits have improved over the years (at least relative to the cost of living): what the working conditions are like now versus in the past; whether or not there has been

Tags:automotive, industry, experiences

Abstract
This paper summarizes literature related to gender specific learning experiences in middle school students, focusing primarily on the challenges associated with middle school education and the overall achievement of students. It also provides a summary of the research related to gender differences in learning styles with an emphasis on gender based education in general, while discussing specifically gender-based education in middle schools. Finally, this paper provides a synthesis of the research found through the investigative processes involved in studies around gender specific learning experiences in middle schools.

Table of Contents:
Challenges of Ms Education and Achievement Overall
Gender Differences in Achievement
Perspectives and Expectations (Non-Empirical) AEc
Literature on Gender Specific Education
Gender Specific Education In General (K-12)
Advantages and Disadvantages Of Gender Based Programs
Disadvantages
Lack of Support
Stereotypes
Advantages of Gender Based Education
Middle School Specifically
Research Based Literature on Gender Specific Education General
Synthesis of Perspectives and Research
References

From the Paper
"For many decades there have been disparities in education along the lines of gender. Some of these disparities were as a result of sexism and an unwillingness to teach female students. However, in the current educational environment many of these disparities can be attributed to the fact that boys and girls simply learn differently. As such, adjustments have to be made as it pertains to teaching styles. These adjustments are particularly needed at the middle school level where subjects such as math and science become more difficult and female students start to lose interest. Gender segregation within the context of middle schools is a topic that has received a great deal of attention in recent years. In addition a great deal of attention has been focused on the disparity between boys and girls as it pertains to math scores at the middle school level."

Tags:disparities, sexism, unwillingness, female, educational

Abstract
A research study is proposed to investigate the perceptions of protege's of their mentoring experience. Protege's perceptions of both the quality and the equity of mentoring programs are measured, as are actual outcomes associated with mentoring experience in relation to both position promotion and compensation. Variations in perceptions and in actual outcomes associated with the mentoring experience, as dependent variables, are analyzed in relation to protege; gender and protege; racial/ethnic background, as independent variables. Problem statement, literature review, and proposed method are presented in this proposal.

Chapter 1 - Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Background on the Issue
Importance of the Study
Scope and Delimitations .
Definitions of Terms
2 - Review of Literature
Social Conflict and Diversity
Affirmative Action and Conflict Theory
The "Glass Ceiling" Phenomenon
Discussion
Mentoring in Organizations
Phases of the Mentoring Relationship
Functioning of Mentors
Quality of Mentoring Programs
Relevant Feminist Theory
Summary of the Literature Review
3 - Methods
Research Design
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Variables and Operational Definitions
Instrumentation
Data Collection
Population and Sample
Data Analysis
References
Appendix
A - Draft Survey Instrument
B -Cover Letter for Participating Companies

From the Paper
"The numbers of women in senior management positions in American organizations are disproportionately low in relation to both the numbers of women in the general population and the numbers of women among the employees of organizations (Martinez, 1997; Silverman, 1997; Konrad & Linnehan, 1995). Some analysts have suggested that a "glass ceiling" exists that blocks the promotion of women to senior management positions (Poole, Langan-Fox, & Omodei, 1993, pp. 39). A similar phenomenon is held to exist for individuals of minority population classification status (Didion, 1995). Thus, women who are members of racial and ethnic minorities conceivably face double barriers to advancement in organizations.
A study conducted by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (1999) confirmed the role of gender in promotion to senior management positions. This confirmation was made on the basis of comparing the average hierarchical positions of individuals of different gender and racial background in organizations monitored by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (1999). The criterion for comparison was the number of reporting levels below the chief executive officer (CEO) of the highest-ranking individual classified according to gender and race or ethnicity. The study found that, on average, men outranked women in hierarchical structures among African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and whites."

Tags:hierarchy, race, equality

Abstract
The paper specifically explores the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), American Nurses' Association (ANA), Emergency Nurses Association (ENA) and the National League for Nursing (NLN). The paper details these organizations' benefits to nursing leadership, practicing nurses and students. The paper shows how these associations account for an improvement in the educational, professional and practical experience of nurses, while simultaneously improving the general quality of healthcare by addressing many of its most pressing points of concern.

From the Paper
"The nursing profession is profoundly challenging. Characterized by long hours, high levels of workplace stress and the need to make crucial decisions the implications of which will have significant bearings on the well-being of others, nursing requires a great deal of individual skill and organizational dexterity. This is the reason for the development of the multitude of professional organizations which function as a centering point for the nursing field as a whole. Such groups as the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE) help to provide support, networking accessibility, information and continuing professional development to those already in the nursing field, at the practitioner and administrative level respectively. Additionally, such groups as the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA) and the National League of Nurses (NLN) serve in these same capacities on behalf of those students on the educational path to nursing and on those who provide them with education respectively. This collection of professional associations is designed to establish a place of reference in the various phases and roles reflected by the broader nursing profession, benefiting members by helping them to sustain and improve practices and benefiting the broader healthcare system by providing support for a more consistent and higher quality of care."

Tags:ethics, membership, healthcare

Abstract
This paper explores the experience of the Israeli population in terms of their coping with terrorism and associated attacks inflicted upon their society. The paper examines the impacts of terrorism on medical personnel, the government, the home front command, business owners, and citizens at large. The paper specifically looks at Israel's deterrence policy and the anti-terrorist fence. The paper clearly demonstrates the pervasiveness of terrorist attacks in Israel. A table is included in the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Law Enforcement in Israel
Terrorism and Critical Care
Non-State Actors and Their Primary Characteristic
The Pervasiveness of Terrorism in Israel
Weapons of Mass Destruction
The Home Front Command
Deterrence Policy of Israel Toward Terrorism

From the Paper
"The work of David Weisburd (2009) entitled "Police Responses to Terrorism: Lessons from the Israeli Experience" reports that the Israeli Police are extensively involved in countering terrorism and that this has "had significant effects on police performance as well as on public perceptions of the police in Israel." (Weisburd, 2009) The analysis of clearance rates in Israeli communities is stated to suggest "that terrorist threats have a significant impact on police performance." (Weisburd, 2009) Weisburd states that as threat levels rise that "clearance rates decline." (2009) Although it is reported that the effect is noted as varying "strongly by type of community." (Weisburd, 2009)
"Weisburd reports that an analysis of public attitudes toward the police in Israel "over time suggests that during high-threat years, support and general positive attitudes toward the Israeli Police over time suggests that during high-threat years, support and general positive attitudes (including legitimacy, procedural justice, and performance) toward the police increased. However, as the threat declined, public attitudes return to previous and even lower levels. This trend suggests that extensive police involvement in homeland security has both short and long-term effects on public attitudes, which may be understood in light of the 'Rally Effect'." (Weisburd, 2009)"

Tags:Hizbullah, Fatah, Hamas, Palestinians, deterrence, security, fence, suicide, bombers

Abstract
This paper explains that Edwin Sutherland's theory of differential association suggests that individuals learn criminal behaviors by imitating behavior and ideas about criminality from people with whom they routinely associate. The author points out that the R.L. Peralta and J.M. Cruz article, "Conferring Meaning onto Alcohol-Related Violence: An Analysis of Alcohol Use and Gender in a Sample of College Youth", emphasizes that many college males "learn" (1) to demonstrate violent or aggressive tendencies as "macho" behavior and (2) to abuse alcohol as a socially acceptable form of entertainment. The paper relates that the study by B.S. Fisher, F.T. Cullen and M.G. Turner, "The Sexual Victimization Of College Women", suggests that people "learn" to engage in acts of sexual violence by discovering (1) that violence can be used to overpower other people, especially women, and (2) that sexual violence can be a mechanism for alleviating their own chronic problems including stress or guilt associated with a history of sexual violence as a child.

Table of Contents:
Summarization
Theories of Crime and Delinquency Control
Reaction/Social Position

From the Paper
"I shared the information and insights gathered from this study with a friend of mine who works as a paramedic with an emergency medical team. Having witnessed many acts of violence and treated many women for sexual assault, the individual agreed that violence and substance abuse patterns often seem to be "learned" behaviors. He also felt that he could distinguish patterns of behavior among certain populations in particularly, including among those with low socioeconomic backgrounds or education."

Tags:association, women, drinking, college, experience

Abstract
This paper discusses the idea that what we once considered critical is eventually replaced by the constant realization of what is truly important. The paper specifically discusses the writer's personal beliefs, or perceptions, that fall into this category. The paper then discusses the language that placates this type of thinking, along with the connection between the thinking and the language.

From the Paper
"As part of creating false beliefs, the language associated should be considered. Until now, however, I have not considered this to be part of the issue at hand. However, when closely analyzing the language in each of these situations, there has been light shed on how individuals create irrational beliefs--including myself. In regards to capturing the approval of others, I constantly find myself asking how a certain act would make someone else feel. For instance, on many occasions I have told my significant other I am happy to make people such as my grandmother, my mother, and my siblings proud. The language factor that is important to note, however, is that I usually say (or think) this before I think of approving myself. In this specific situation, this creates a mandate for me to always look to please others first."

Tags:thinking, experience, perception

Abstract
This paper explains that increased rates of VAP in the author?s hospital, which were above the national average, triggered the experimentation of new techniques to reduce the incidence of VAP. The author describes the experimental method, with pre and post tests using four randomly selected groups: Group 1 was treated with a new oral care procedure, including an oral rinse with chlorhexidine; Group 2 was treated by being placed into a semi-recumbent position, which reduces gastroesophageal reflux and subsequent aspiration; Group 3 was treated with a combination of both treatments; and Group 4, the control, was treated by the current method. The paper relates that the best results were obtained for Group 3, where both variables were tested simultaneously and which yielded considerably lower rates than each of the measures when tested individually, resulting in a new treatment program that has proven to be successful. Chart.

Table of Contents
Introduction and Background Information
Process of Care
Assessment of the Patient
Helping the Patient Cope
Doctor Assessment
Analysis of Process of Care
Identification of All Primary Causative Factors
Experimental Method: Multiple Group Pretest-Posttest with Control Group
Results
Implementation of Program
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In SunHealth Hospital we have an ICU equipped with 12-bed surgical and an 8-bed medical intensive care unit. We understand that we must implement a program to reduce the risk of this type of nosocomial infection. We have looked at the strategies used by other hospitals including Owensboro Medical Health System Care Intensive Unit, which is a hospital of similar size and patient mix in terms of age distribution and community background. We decided to implement a program that resembles some of the preventive measures used by them in order to assess whether the incidence of VAP can also be reduced at our hospital."

Tags:experiment, oral, position, nosocomial, implementation

Abstract
This paper explores the author's past and present biases, perceptions, attitudes and beliefs and how these have and do influence his interactions with others from different cultures. Next, the author explains that these psychological factors provide insight into the author level of knowledge regarding the values, practices, and experiences of individuals who are different from me. The paper evaluates the author's individual strengths and weaknesses regarding his personal interactions with culturally different individuals and how he can correct these shortcomings.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Biases, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Beliefs Concerning Culturally Different Groups
The Influence of Attitudes and Perceptions with Regard to Interactions with Individuals Different from Me
My Level of Knowledge Regarding the Values, Practices, and Experiences of Culturally Different Individuals
My Strengths and Weaknesses with Regard to Interactions with Culturally Different Individuals and My Manner of Addressing these Shortcomings
Conclusion

From the Paper
"My attitudes and perceptions influence my interactions with individuals different from me on three different levels: personal level, interpersonal level, and organizational level. On a personal level, attitudes and perceptions concerning issues like gender, race, religion, and school influence determine with whom I associate. My thoughts concerning these issues consume most of my alone time. I attempt to keep these attitudes private in most cases; however, this is difficult because my personal attitudes and perceptions are the foundation of my personality. On the interpersonal level, inhibition, thoughtfulness, and consideration become paramount. I am constantly aware of differences whether obvious or latent. I take care to be sensitive to the beliefs, perceptions, and opinions of those whom have differing points of view and different life experiences. I ask questions of those different from me and listen actively with critical thought. On an organizational level like at work or school, I act as a professional and maintain formality with those different from me. A number of boundaries exist that cannot be crossed at this level because an effective relationship is essential to this goal-oriented environment; an error in perception or judgment in this context can have long-lasting detrimental consequences to everyone involved; these consequences are derived from my lack of knowledge with regard to the values, practices, and experiences of culturally different individuals."

Tags:interactions, color-blind approach, boundaries demographics immigration

Abstract
The paper addresses the prevalent myth in North American society that sexuality and the aging patient do not have any association. The paper explains that the main contributing factors to this notion are age and ageism, illness and especially certain chronic illnesses in later life, the effects of medications, sociocultural attitudes toward sex generally, and the availability of a partner. The paper also notes that social attitudes toward sexuality extend to the health care system and research since research studies have virtually ignored sexuality in the elderly patient (DeLamater & Sill, 2005). The paper goes on to reveal that sexuality in the elderly reflects the truth that the need for intimacy and affection is a lifelong process (Aziz & Baladerian, 2002). This paper examines how a client living with dementia experiences and manages sexuality.

From the Paper
"It is a prevalent myth in North American society that sexuality and the aging patient do not have any association. The main contributing factors to this notion are age and ageism, illness and especially certain chronic illnesses in later life, the effects of medications, sociocultural attitudes toward sex generally, and the availability of a partner. In addition, social attitudes toward sexuality extend to the health care system and research since research studies have virtually ignored sexuality in the elderly patient (DeLamater & Sill, 2005). Sexuality in..."

Tags:sexuality, client, interventions