Abstract
This paper examines how computers are now part of the foreign language classroom, how they assist instructors in the development of lessons and classroom materials and provide students with a supplementary form of instruction. It critically evaluates the efficacy of CALL (Computer Assisted Language Acquisition) through an examination of four research articles with a focus on the implications of the studies on SLA (Second Language Acquisition). The articles are "Evaluating the Integration of Technology and Second Language Learning" by Bonnie Adair-Hauck et al. , "Comparing Face-to-Face and Electronic Discussion in the Second Language Classroom" by Mark Warschauer and "Computer Generated Error Feedback and Writing Process: A Link" by Judy F. Chan.
Outline
"Evaluating the Integration of Technology and Second Language Learning"
"Comparing Face-to-Face and Electronic Discussion in the Second Language Classroom"
"Computer Generated Error Feedback and Writing Process: A Link"
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The primary purpose behind the Adair-Hauck et al' (1999) study was to test the hypothesis that students engaged in 'TELL components, in lieu of one class period a week would perform French tasks in all the skills as well as students meeting four times a week (p. 279).' Also under investigation was the potential effects TELL could have on foreign language motivation, how TELL influenced students perceptions of meeting their learning goals, how TELL modified the roles of teacher and learner, and, more generally, if TELL is an effective curricular design for achieving L2 development. The rationale behind the study came from the authors' assertion that few empirical CALL studies address the question, 'What kind of software, integrated how and into what kind of syllabus, at what level of language learning, for what kind of language learners, is likely to be effective for what specific purposes? "

Tags:linguistics, methodologies, tell, sla

Abstract
This paper defines assistive technology (AT), which uses devices to assist individuals in compensating for disabilities and/or utilizing functional capabilities to meet environmental demands. It discusses the importance of AT, which is the lifeline between getting lost in an educational environment or becoming an active and enthusiastic student who pursues a lifetime of learning.

From the Paper
"Regardless of the legislative victories won in favor of disabled people, the world can still be biased against them, and once a student graduates and enters the job market, the existence of an LD is a confounding variable in the quest for job satisfaction. In studies by Vogel and Adelman (2000), 80%-90% of the respondents indicated that their LD impacts their work. However, in the study, large percentages (from 41% to 95%) of respondents did not self-disclose their LD to employers or coworkers. Common reasons for nondisclosure included concerns about job security and fear of negatively impacting relationships with coworkers and supervisors (Vogel & Adelman, 2000). Therefore, the use of assistive technology to promote curricular and environmental access for students with learning disabilities early in their learning career holds great promise. Research is emerging that demonstrates the effectiveness of various AT devices in helping individuals to compensate for specific learning disabilities and thus promote more curricular and instructional access for these youngsters (Higgins & Raskind, 1995)."

Tags:disability, student, device, compensation

Abstract
Should physicians be allowed to assist in patient suicide? This paper discusses this issue and explains it in detail. The writer discusses its pros and cons and argues against making such assistance legal. The writer concludes that the negative consequences of the act far outweigh its purported benefits.

From the Paper
"Euthanasia is, quite literally, a "life and death" issue. It is no surprise, therefore, that it evokes heated debate among doctors, lawyers, philosophers, academicians as well as the general public all over the world. Although, recent developments in modern medicine have given it a new dimension, euthanasia is by no means an exclusively modern-day concern. Even the ancient Greeks had pondered over the issue centuries ago, albeit without reaching a definite conclusion about its merits or otherwise. In more recent times, euthanasia has been the subject of discussion in various forums including the Supreme Court of the United States with similar inconclusive results."

Tags:death, medical

Abstract
Physician assisted suicide is a highly emotional and controversial issue. This paper discusses the difference between assisted suicide and euthanasia, looks at the pros and cons of assisted suicide, reviews existing Florida legislature and examines Dr. Jack Kevorkian's role in assisted suicide. The second half of the paper continues on a more humane note and discusses patients' right to self-determination, issues relating to sanctity of life, pain and suffering and comments on the doctor-patient relationship and potential areas of abuse.

From the Paper
"Terminally ill patients know when the end is inevitable. They know when continued medical efforts are futile and many simply feel the cure that medical science is thrusting upon them is not worth the increased level of pain and discomfort they cause. When enough is truly enough, some patients will ask their physician to assist them in ending their life. Physician assisted suicide is a highly emotional and controversial issue that has significant ethical, religious and legal ramifications. This high-level paper will discuss physician assisted suicide, citing both pros and cons, examine Florida's legislature and look at the influence Dr. Jack Kevorkian played. The paper continues with a generalized discussion of patients' right to self-determination, issues relating to sanctity of life, pain and suffering and comments on the doctor-patient relationship and potential areas of abuse. While the number of pros and cons presented are equal the value that..."

Tags:euthanasia, assisted, suicide, physician

Abstract
This paper discusses, from a human resources perspective, the various methods of training employees in computer-assisted manufacturing. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods are evaluated in terms of the training outcomes. Several examples of companies who have given computer-assisted training to employees are presented. The paper also discusses the role of transformational leadership during times of change within a company. Human resources plays a role in developing these leaders and promoting them. The paper summarizes the role of human resources for companies involved in manufacturing to stay competitive.

Outline:
Introduction
Management Training and Leadership
Changing the Image Associated with Manufacturing
Employee Training and Retraining
Implementation of New Hiring Standards
Conducting an Internal Audit
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Since the job market has become tighter in recent years as employment levels have increased, manufacturers must develop wider hiring standards, and train a person with no skills as compared to hiring a person with previously acquired skills. Research indicates that government assistance in the form of tax credits would encourage manufacturers to train their low-level managers and non-supervisory employees. Increasing credits for manufacturers who use state certified education/training institutions would strengthen relationships between the industry and certified training providers (Carnevale, 1990). These ideas imply that the anticipation of rewards is important as well as the perceived contingency between the behaviors desired by the organization and the desired rewards. This also implies that since different people desire different rewards, organizations should try to match rewards with what employees want. However, there may be possible difficulties. Employees may not believe that good performance does in fact lead to more desired rewards, and convincing them may require more changes than the organization is prepared to make. Poor selection and training of employees, for example, even with maximum effort, results in poor performance.

Tags:computer-assisted, manufacturing, human, resources, employees, training

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that physician-assisted suicide (PAS) is the practice, by a physician, of assisting a patient to voluntarily take his or her own life. Typically, this involves providing the patient with a prescription as the means for death. The writer provides a general overview of PAS focusing on the general nature of the debate, the history of the practice, PAS as an aging policy, the key actors in the PAS debate, policy changes that have taken place with respect to the practice and the current status of the issue.

From the Paper
"Should people with terminal illnesses who want to die be able to have a doctor help them commit suicide? The debate regarding a proper and ethical answer to this question has continued for decades and it is expected that it will continue for decades more. Dahl Truog defines physician-assisted suicide PAS as the practice by a physician of assisting a patient to voluntarily take his or her own life. Typically this involves providing the patient with a prescription as ..."

Tags:Physician, assisted, suicide

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the statistics regarding euthanasia and assisted suicide. The paper reports that most Americans believe assisted suicide as morally acceptable and should, therefore, be legalized for personal, philosophical or religious reasons. The paper reviews the ideas of Dr. Jack Kevorkian, an American pathologist, who championed the concept of terminal patients' "right to die" by publishing the concept and participating in its practice in several cases.

From the Paper
" In 1987, Dr. Kevorkian advertised his medical consultancy services for death counselling and eventually assisted in the voluntary suicides of more than a hundred terminally ill persons between 1990 and 1998 (Wikipedia 2006). In every case, the person performed the final act, which led to his or her death by voluntary euthanasia and Dr. Kevorkian was said to have assisted only by attaching the person to a device he had made for the purpose. The person himself or herself pushed the button, which released the drugs or chemicals, which in turned, caused his or her death. One device had a needle, which delivered the euthanazing drug through an intravenous tube and Dr. Kevorkian called a "Thanatron" or death machine. Another device was a gas mask fed by a canister of carbon monoxide he called "mercitron" or mercy machine. The second device became necessary when his license was revoked on account of the first two deaths from his first device. As a consequence, he could no longer acquire the substances necessary for it. "

Tags:Dr., Death, taboo, chemicals, drugs, gas, physician-assisted, suicide

Abstract
The moral issue of physician-assisted suicide is in the forefront of controversial issues being discussed amongst Oregonians today, according to this paper. Oregon's ballot measures 16 and 51 changed the law to legalize physician-assisted suicide - the first state to have such legal rights. This paper gives an inside perspective on the many opinions that the author from Oregon tries to portray.

From the Paper
""In November 1994, Oregonians voted on ballot measure 16, a measure which would legalize physician-assisted suicide. Under this measure, physicians would legally be able to write a prescription of lethal drugs to adults with a 6 months or less diagnosis of a terminal illness" (http://www.ortl.org/suicide/background.htm). Before this election in Oregon, pro-euthanasia groups had come together and campaigned unsuccessfully in California in 1992, and in Washington in 1991. Perhaps the reason these two states were unable to gain election was because the method of death was legal injection to be administered by the physician. "Exit polls revealed the public's distrust of this method, thus causing the Right to Die campaign to "soften" the method to self-administered drugs. This tactic was better received by the public, and Measure 16 passed by a slim margin of 51% to 49%, making Oregon the first government in the world to legalize physician-assisted suicide" (http://www.org/suicide/background.htm). Thus, from the start of this election, it is easy to observe that not everyone in Oregon was or is excited about this new legalization. Such a small margin of wining was bound to give rise to controversy over the issue, and that's exactly what resulted."

Tags:assisted, care, ethics, health, laws, physician, suicide, Oregon, legal, government

Abstract
This paper addresses the controversy over the effectiveness of public assistance programs, contending that in spite of the valid arguments against them, they do work but need improvement. It also mentions the development of public assistance programs.

From the Paper
"President Lyndon B Johnson initiated the country's War on Poverty in his State of the Union address in which the statement "This administration today here and now declares unconditional war on poverty in America ..."

Tags:poverty, welfare, public assistance, Jewish welfare

Abstract
This paper explains that the heated arguments in America over the morality of assisted suicide show that there is an ongoing conflict between medical ethics and human rights. The author points out that this conflict is at the heart of the assisted suicide debate, which has been in the news a lot in recent years. The paper suggests that this debate is becoming more intense as more and more Americans are living into their eighties and nineties.

From the Paper
"The heated arguments in America over the morality of assisted suicide show that there is an ongoing conflict between medical ethics and human rights. This conflict is at the heart of the assisted suicide debate, which has been in the news a lot in recent years, for more Americans than ever before are living into their eighties and nineties. Many of these people do not want to be kept alive by medical science once their health has gotten worse, because when someone is very sick and has no hope of ever getting well, life is no longer worth living and every day just brings more physical suffering and emotional pain. In most Western countries, especially in the United States, assisted suicide is illegal because most people think no one has the moral right to take a human life. "

Tags:assisted, suicide, issues