Abstract Physician assisted suicide is a highly emotional and controversial issue. This paper discusses the difference between assisted suicide and euthanasia, looks at the pros and cons of assisted suicide, reviews existing Florida legislature and examines Dr. Jack Kevorkian's role in assisted suicide. The second half of the paper continues on a more humane note and discusses patients' right to self-determination, issues relating to sanctity of life, pain and suffering and comments on the doctor-patient relationship and potential areas of abuse.
From the Paper "Terminally ill patients know when the end is inevitable. They know when continued medical efforts are futile and many simply feel the cure that medical science is thrusting upon them is not worth the increased level of pain and discomfort they cause. When enough is truly enough, some patients will ask their physician to assist them in ending their life. Physician assisted suicide is a highly emotional and controversial issue that has significant ethical, religious and legal ramifications. This high-level paper will discuss physician assisted suicide, citing both pros and cons, examine Florida's legislature and look at the influence Dr. Jack Kevorkian played. The paper continues with a generalized discussion of patients' right to self-determination, issues relating to sanctity of life, pain and suffering and comments on the doctor-patient relationship and potential areas of abuse. While the number of pros and cons presented are equal the value that..."
Abstract The moral issue of physician-assisted suicide is in the forefront of controversial issues being discussed amongst Oregonians today, according to this paper. Oregon's ballot measures 16 and 51 changed the law to legalize physician-assisted suicide - the first state to have such legal rights. This paper gives an inside perspective on the many opinions that the author from Oregon tries to portray.
From the Paper ""In November 1994, Oregonians voted on ballot measure 16, a measure which would legalize physician-assisted suicide. Under this measure, physicians would legally be able to write a prescription of lethal drugs to adults with a 6 months or less diagnosis of a terminal illness" (http://www.ortl.org/suicide/background.htm). Before this election in Oregon, pro-euthanasia groups had come together and campaigned unsuccessfully in California in 1992, and in Washington in 1991. Perhaps the reason these two states were unable to gain election was because the method of death was legal injection to be administered by the physician. ?Exit polls revealed the public's distrust of this method, thus causing the Right to Die campaign to "soften" the method to self-administered drugs. This tactic was better received by the public, and Measure 16 passed by a slim margin of 51% to 49%, making Oregon the first government in the world to legalize physician-assisted suicide? (http://www.org/suicide/background.htm). Thus, from the start of this election, it is easy to observe that not everyone in Oregon was or is excited about this new legalization. Such a small margin of wining was bound to give rise to controversy over the issue, and that's exactly what resulted."
Tags:assisted, care, ethics, health, laws, physician, suicide, Oregon, legal, government
Abstract This paper addresses the controversy over the effectiveness of public assistance programs, contending that in spite of the valid arguments against them, they do work but need improvement. It also mentions the development of public assistance programs.
From the Paper "President Lyndon B Johnson initiated the country's War on Poverty in his State of the Union address in which the statement "This administration today here and now declares unconditional war on poverty in America ..."
Tags: poverty, welfare, public assistance, Jewish welfare
Abstract This paper explains that the heated arguments in America over the morality of assisted suicide show that there is an ongoing conflict between medical ethics and human rights. The author points out that this conflict is at the heart of the assisted suicide debate, which has been in the news a lot in recent years. The paper suggests that this debate is becoming more intense as more and more Americans are living into their eighties and nineties.
From the Paper "The heated arguments in America over the morality of assisted suicide show that there is an ongoing conflict between medical ethics and human rights. This conflict is at the heart of the assisted suicide debate, which has been in the news a lot in recent years, for more Americans than ever before are living into their eighties and nineties. Many of these people do not want to be kept alive by medical science once their health has gotten worse, because when someone is very sick and has no hope of ever getting well, life is no longer worth living and every day just brings more physical suffering and emotional pain. In most Western countries, especially in the United States, assisted suicide is illegal because most people think no one has the moral right to take a human life. "
Abstract This paper takes a look at the statistics regarding euthanasia and assisted suicide. The paper reports that most Americans believe assisted suicide as morally acceptable and should, therefore, be legalized for personal, philosophical or religious reasons. The paper reviews the ideas of Dr. Jack Kevorkian, an American pathologist, who championed the concept of terminal patients' "right to die" by publishing the concept and participating in its practice in several cases.
From the Paper " In 1987, Dr. Kevorkian advertised his medical consultancy services for death counselling and eventually assisted in the voluntary suicides of more than a hundred terminally ill persons between 1990 and 1998 (Wikipedia 2006). In every case, the person performed the final act, which led to his or her death by voluntary euthanasia and Dr. Kevorkian was said to have assisted only by attaching the person to a device he had made for the purpose. The person himself or herself pushed the button, which released the drugs or chemicals, which in turned, caused his or her death. One device had a needle, which delivered the euthanazing drug through an intravenous tube and Dr. Kevorkian called a "Thanatron" or death machine. Another device was a gas mask fed by a canister of carbon monoxide he called "mercitron" or mercy machine. The second device became necessary when his license was revoked on account of the first two deaths from his first device. As a consequence, he could no longer acquire the substances necessary for it. "
Abstract This paper discusses, from a human resources perspective, the various methods of training employees in computer-assisted manufacturing. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods are evaluated in terms of the training outcomes. Several examples of companies who have given computer-assisted training to employees are presented. The paper also discusses the role of transformational leadership during times of change within a company. Human resources plays a role in developing these leaders and promoting them. The paper summarizes the role of human resources for companies involved in manufacturing to stay competitive.
Outline:
Introduction
Management Training and Leadership
Changing the Image Associated with Manufacturing
Employee Training and Retraining
Implementation of New Hiring Standards
Conducting an Internal Audit
Conclusion
From the Paper "Since the job market has become tighter in recent years as employment levels have increased, manufacturers must develop wider hiring standards, and train a person with no skills as compared to hiring a person with previously acquired skills. Research indicates that government assistance in the form of tax credits would encourage manufacturers to train their low-level managers and non-supervisory employees. Increasing credits for manufacturers who use state certified education/training institutions would strengthen relationships between the industry and certified training providers (Carnevale, 1990). These ideas imply that the anticipation of rewards is important as well as the perceived contingency between the behaviors desired by the organization and the desired rewards. This also implies that since different people desire different rewards, organizations should try to match rewards with what employees want. However, there may be possible difficulties. Employees may not believe that good performance does in fact lead to more desired rewards, and convincing them may require more changes than the organization is prepared to make. Poor selection and training of employees, for example, even with maximum effort, results in poor performance.
Tags: computer-assisted, manufacturing, human, resources, employees, training
Abstract This paper explores employee assistance programs (EAP's), describing what they offer and the benefits that they can provide to employees and employers. It describes the benefits of EAP's regarding happier employees which lead to a more efficient workplace.
From the Paper "Employee assistance programs (EAP's) are programs that are generally provided by employers or in some cases jointly provided by employers and unions. Employee Assistance Programs (EAP's) are intended to assist employees and their family ..."
Abstract This paper states physician-assisted suicide as a violation of the purpose of medical practice, which is to heal. The paper claims that no matter how compelling a patient's case may be, physicians should not go against their purpose, which is to heal.
From the Paper "Physician-assisted suicide has been regarded by some as a logical adjunct to treatment of the terminally ill. It is becoming fairly widely accepted on the basis that it relieves suffering and empowers the patient to facilitate that relief However these arguments gloss over the true foundational issue underlying physician-assisted suicide complicity to render an unethical practice acceptable by cloaking it in the guise of mercy. Brody and Miller state categorically, "If medicine is essentially a healing enterprise then physicians should never help patients die.' They reference Leon Kass ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the pros and cons of introducing computer assisted learning to young children at an early age. A synthesis of perspectives is also offered at the end of the essay.
From the Paper "Living in an age that is characterized by technological advances, particularly in the area of computers, children should be introduced to computer-assisted learning at an early age in order to cultivate their competence with computers. Even more importantly as a mentally stimulating and highly interactive medium, computers often constitute an effective tool for engaging student interest and motivating them to learn. As with many other types of innovative learning strategies, such as Lego, jigsaws, junk modeling, role play and,,,"
Tags: whether, or, not, children, should, be, introduced, to, computer, assisted, learning, at, an, early, age
Abstract This paper looks at two newspaper articles that appeared in "Globe and Mail" at the end of 2004. In the first one, Anthony Westell gives his arguments pro assisted suicide and euthanasia. His argument are based on human rights and freedoms. The second one, by Somerville is the answer to Westell giving the opposite opinion arguing on legal issues and showing to Westell that the religious believers are not the only opposition to euthanasia.
From the Paper "The questions of should assisted suicide be legalized or not and is it moral or not have been initiating debates for a long time. Quite like in other similar debates, for example the one for and against abortion and the more recent one on same-sex marriages, it has its proponents and opponents. Furthermore, the legality and the morality of a single issue are not always the same thing. This essay looks at two articles each representing a pro and con stance of the debate of legalizing assisted suicide and attempts to provide a critical assessment of the two argumentative positions."
Abstract "This paper addresses the issues of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Several points of view are looked at, and a number of particular arguments, made from both sides, are analyzed. Those points of view considered for the discussion include physicians, philosophers, patients and laymen. Ultimately, the paper suggests that the only appropriate circumstances for PAS are when the fully informed patient makes the decision.
From the Paper "Although the idea of physician assisted suicide--or PAS--is very old, taking a firm stance on the issues has never been more important than today: "In recent decades, medical advances have allowed physicians to prolong life to a greater extent than ever before. While this on the surface may appear to be a positive development, many people now fear living too long in ways they would not choose: dependent upon machines, unconscious, or in terrible pain," (Wekesser). Furthermore, "There is a broad movement within the medical community to improve the quality of end of life care, and this freedom is most aptly illustrated by the freedom granted to physicians in providing adequate pain control at the end of life; a goal which can be pursued even to the point of hastening death," (Turk). This has brought PAS to the forefront of social, philosophical and medical discussions, more so ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the controversial topic of physician-assisted suicide, arguing in its favor. The author describes why a seriously ill person would prefer to control his death rather than submit to long and drawn out medical procedures. Arguments against the right to die movement are also presented. The author concludes, however, that individuals should have the right to chose how their lives end.
From the Paper "Physician assisted suicide is a natural response to the modern creation of a death denying society, reflective of the recent historical emphasis on the physician and his vast skill as the heroic. Modern medicine is seen as having all the answers, as it is capable of reversing the probability of death in so very many cases, even when it is only partly true and the return from the dead is not always pretty, nor does it usually offer the patient a real return to the life they know or a life without dependence."
This paper is a proposal to study the effectiveness of distributive leadership as it relates to the position of assistant principal in New Jersey High Schools.
Abstract This paper explains that, in recent years, there is a problem with leadership in many schools throughout the country; therefore, the intent of this study is to evaluate if there is a statistically significant difference between the perceptions of the superintendents, principals, and assistant principals in selected high and low achieving high schools in New Jersey regarding the actual and desired instructional leadership duties and responsibilities of the assistant principal. The author points out that distributive leadership involves not allowing just one person to run everything but rather passes the responsibility for leadership to several individuals as a team effort. The paper reports that the quantitative sources of data for this study will be the responses made by the participants on the Assistant Principal Instructional Leadership Questionnaire (APILQ).
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Problem Statement
Purpose of Study
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Theoretical Rationale
Limitations of the Study
Reliability and Validity of the Data
Research Questions
Sub Questions
Definition of Terms
Instructional Leadership Behavior
Organization and Overview
Review and Discussion of Related Literature
Role Theory
Change and Improvement in Educational Reform
The Historical Foundation of Instructional Leadership and the Evolution
of the Policies which Developed the Duties of the Assistant Principal
The Assistant Principal's Perspective of the Duties
Actual Duties of Assistant Principals: Rankings and Percentages
Assistant Principals' Rankings of Their Duties for Degree of Importance
Changes in the Position of the Assistant Principal
Duties of the Assistant Principal as a Partner in the Administrative Team
Distributive Leadership Theory
The Relationship between the Duties of the Assistant Principal and the Total School Organization
Assigned Versus Desired Instructional Leadership
Duties of the Assistant Principal
The Complexity of Measuring the Effect of Instructional Leadership
Standards-Based Context for Instructional Leadership
Methodology
Research Design
Population
Data Collection
Instrumentation
Analysis of the Data
Summary of the Methodology
From the Paper "The impact of No Child Left Behind has put more pressure on the public education system to increase student achievement for all students. The newly reauthorized ESEA both reflects and reinforces a major shift in thinking about the roles and responsibilities of school board members, district superintendents, and principals. As a result, administrators are expected to adjust their leadership focus from a traditional management-orientation to a performance orientation that guarantees high achievement for all students. Curricular and instructional issues are areas ranked by the National Policy Board for Educational Administration (1990) as those most critical for improving student achievement in schools."
Abstract This paper demonstrates how general consensus derived from a literature review indicates that the role of the assistant principals should move beyond its traditional clerical and disciplinary heritage to evolve to instructional leaders that deal with curriculum development, teacher and instructional effectiveness, clinical supervision, staff development and teacher evaluation. It uncovers research that tries to reconcile why the role change that practically everyone seems to want to happen hasn?t been that quick to occur. It looks at how as these reasons are better identified and understood, perhaps the twenty first century will see a positive transformation in the role of the assistant principal.
Outline
Introduction
Need for Study
Study Purpose
Problem Statement
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Roles and Responsibilities of Assistant Principals
Historical Perspective of Assistant Principal Roles
Prior and Current Research Studies of Assistant Principal Roles
Assistant Principals and Use of Instructional Leadership
Conclusion
From the Paper "Many management experts and educators consider instructional leadership by assistant principals as necessary to achieve school reform, improve the job satisfaction of assistance principals, and to equip them with the skills necessary to advance to the principal level. However, literature review and historical case studies show that the assistant principal's role transition has been slow and insignificant. This study will provide current data specific to a geographic region to assess how well assistant principals are really doing in executing instructional leadership."
