Abstract This paper compares Sir Thomas More's 2 works of "Utopia" and "United States". Both works together were commonly known as "Utopia" . It discusses the historical significance of "Utopia" and its attitude towards religion and compares how these ideas are parallel to the situation today.
From the paper:
"In Sir Thomas More's book commonly known as Utopia, More presents an ideal society, which includes his idealized view of how religion might be practiced in such a perfect country.
"It is not possible to examine his view of the perfect religion without considering the times he lived in. Bork (1999) cited some interesting parallels between More's era and the current one. More saw the common view of what was right and proper crumbling, particularly in the realm of religion. The Catholic Church to which More was devoted was being assailed on several sides. First Martin Luther challenged many of its core beliefs, and then Henry VIII, whom More was sworn to serve, formed a separate Church of England. Tynedale had produced a new translation of the Bible; church services could be held in English as well as in Latin; and the authority of the Catholic Church was being weakened (Philadelphia Society). Although the great majority of United States citizens today would reject the notion that there should be one, nationally recognized religion, many would see some similarities in our modern society and describe it as lacking a moral compass."
Written in the form of a press release describing the case where a man could not be prosecuted for a crime he committed due to a problematic search of his home.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 62.95
Abstract This paper presents a sample press release from a prosecutor attorney office to the press and public regarding the case of a man who was not prosecuted for a crime he committed. He was not prosecuted because the search of his residence was deemed improper therefore the judge suppressed all evidence found in the search and the victim could not identify the assailant. Many points of court and law are discussed.
This paper discusses, by assailing deontological ethics and virtue ethics and defending utilitarianism, a medical ethics case in which the medical professionals must decide whether or not to perform gender-altering surgery.
Abstract The paper explains that utilitarianism states that the morality of a surgical gender assignment can be derived as an outcome that would be considered either good or bad; the overall morality of the philosophy and procedure would then be determined based on the positive or negative outcome. The author points out that medical ethics does not fall under deontological ethics because the philosophy states that there are absolute right and wrong answers for every case. The paper relates that, in a situation like surgical procedures, the solution to any problem must be derived on a case-by-case basis and, therefore, cannot have one universal truth; doctors do not have the freedom to decide the future of the newborns without statistical proof that their decision will benefit the child.
From the Paper "In this scenario, the surgery for many years was considered as a good alternative to going thorough life deformed. In the case study, it was uncovered that the twin John/Joan, as she aged, was not at all happy with her situation after it was documented in medical journals as a highly successful pro-surgery example. The results of the case study for the twin John/Joan was completely wrong and could even be considered a serious act of malpractice. The twin's brother even said that his medically altered sister was very manly throughout her early years and even suggested that she always wanted to be a garbage man. ?At the age of six or seven, Joan told her brother she wanted to be a garbage man: "Easy job, good pay."? Since the twin John/Joan's case was the basis for surgery in the majority of cases, it also should be the basis to not perform the surgery from this point forward. The utilitarianism moral issue now says the medical community should not perform the surgery in the bulk of the cases and it is also morally wrong to withhold the fact that the surgery was performed."
Abstract This paper discusses the topic of the psychology of offenders. It incorporates a brief description of the psychodynamics of rape, including anger rape, power rape and sadistic rape. Experts agree rape is not a sexually motivated crime. It is a crime of opportunity, or anger, or power, but the sex act itself usually does not motivate the rape. The paper shows that in fact, many rapists enjoy decent sexual relationships with their wives or partners. Most experts define rape as any sexual act that both parties do not agree upon.
From the Paper "They may also commit other degrading acts, such as urinating on the victim, or forcing oral or anal sex (Birnbaum & Groth 14). In addition, the rapist does not find sexual gratification in the act, rather they experience a release of their anger, but they may feel disgusted by their sexual actions. These men are often extremely angry with women for some psychological women, and so, they take all their anger on random women ("A Round-Up of Rapists"). These rapists can be especially dangerous, and they must come to grips with their own anger and reaction to it to come to grips with their violent natures."
Abstract The paper discusses how the concerns raised in Hisaye Yamamoto's story are still prevalent today; the threat of male violence against women still plagues modern society. The paper maintains that society itself produces, perpetuates, and tolerates male aggression, which is often manifested as violence against women. The paper relates further that male aggression and violence is so pervasive and tolerated in modern society that resisting it often feels like a lonely, futile battle against overwhelming odds.
From the Paper "In many cases, the reasons for the fear and reluctance of many modern women to report abuse, domestic violence or rapes are the same as the reasons cited by the women in Yamamoto's story. For example, the essay relates that Mary was assaulted on her way to work by a man "who came from behind and grabbed her, gave her a choice between one kiss and rape." She was terrified and traumatized, but doubted that reporting the assault would do any good, for she hadn't seen the man, could not provide a description of him, and did not believe the authorities would make much of an effort to investigate the incident. (Yamamoto 2-3)"
Abstract The paper relates that criminal profiling material is useful in crimes not solvable by conventional police methods. The paper describes how criminal profiling has helped to reopen cases, has given shortcuts for investigations that have proved accurate and has also helped in the monitoring of known serious offenders in the community. The paper also shows how it is an imperfect but still promising science and discusses the challenges faced by investigators who are aware that many dangerous perpetrators are not in their data systems but remain dangerous to others.
Outline:
Introduction
An Imperfect but Promising Science
Victim Testimony and Other Data
When Profiling Leads Nowhere
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper "Matters of criminal profiling tend to have a certain glamour in public understanding due to various media influences. As McGrath comments "the popular image of the criminal profiler is that of a retired FBI agent who has written several books highlighting past profiling efforts" (2000:315). More accurately, one finds mundane persons involved in an applied social science rooted in forensic psychology and psychiatry, actuarial science, data harvested from criminal justice and mental health facilities, and information technology, towards plotted tendencies and patterns of use to investigators of usually very serious crimes whose perpetrators a strong risk to society. The field is also intriguing, too, for insight into dynamic and static forces, as criminal profiles alter over time while some patterns remain constant. The field retains knowledge from the 1940s as much as its practitioners are alert to changes in criminal patterns due to changes in society, how people fit into newer laws and legal systems, and what are seen as serious crimes warranting research or which bring repeated requests for information (Kocsis:2006:49-64). Criminal profiling material is useful in crimes not solvable by conventional police methods."
Abstract This paper discusses the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant courtesy a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. The paper also looks at whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. The paper explains that in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual framework for the discussion and the paper then examines Kant's deontology (with its emphasis upon the categorical imperative) and the theory of utilitarianism espoused by Jeremy Bentham, John Stewart Mills and others (with its concomitant emphasis upon "proportionality"). In conclusion, the paper shows that a deontological approach to this problem is too inflexible and unyielding and that a better resolution is to apply a proportionality test which recognizes that the harm which would be done to the young girl if the child was brought to term outweighs the argument by others that abortion is unethical.
From the Paper "In the view of Erin Soros, the fetus arising from a rape becomes, at least for the woman or child who must bear it, a manifestation and reminder of the illegitimate desire of another. Additionally, the fetus is "a physical replacement for the part of herself that was lost through the trauma" (Soros, 1998, p.153). From an ethical stand-point, the woman's body has been violated by another and, to the extent that an abortion can heal the psychic wounds inflicted by rape, a woman is entirely within her prerogatives to demand that the product of sexual violence be excised from her being. For the young girl whose story lies at the heart of this paper, there is a utilitarian component to all of this; to wit, the suffering she would endure, and the displacement within her life which would result, from bringing the child to term outweighs whatever loss might be associated with aborting the fetus - at least that is Erin Soros' view."
Abstract This paper addresses the problem of excessive force used by police officers, a constant concern of the worldwide community, government, political entities and police officers for decades. The alternative to excessive force that the paper presents is intermediate force, which allows officers to capture suspects with the least amount of injury when force is required and ensure their own safety as well. The paper concludes that training and monitoring of law enforcement officers in the intermediate use of force, weaponry, and tactics will provide all police departments with more positive outcomes and ensure that the safety and protection of the society is achieved successfully. The paper includes detailed tables showing examples of force used and charts of assailant/officer action, mapping out the legitimate amount of force to be used.
From the Paper "In 2002 the city of Detriot, Michigan underwent an investigation regarding police use of force and found that no definitions of force or the procedures that specified types of force were found in the city regulations ("Investigation", 2002, sec. 1). This led to multiple cases of excessive force that were reported to the city, civil rights organizations and the United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Michigan. In addressing these concerns, the city attorney advised that the police department of Detroit develop stages of force that were applied to different situations, with intermediate force being a vital inclusion in those stages ("Investigations", 2002, sec. 1). The city attorney stated that intermediate force was significant because it allowed police to use chemical sprays and weapons other than guns as a means of maintaining peace and ensuring that arrests were made."
