From the Paper
"Introduction
The most important use of asphalt today is in road construction (Zakar 148). When it has been properly mixed with the correct aggregate material it becomes highly suitable for all kinds of pavement applications. It is also widely used to prepare the base of roads.


Asphalt road construction is multi-layered in form. The subgrade layer is itself covered by a base cover upon which is laid a final coating. Early classical base courses consisted of a handmade, packed layer which was then graveled. Later this technique of construction was replaced, on a global basis, by a flexible asphalt layer in which asphalt gravel or sand asphalt had been mixed (Ibid. 149).


Asphalt as a road construction and/or road repair solution..."

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the film genre known as "film noir," the literal definition of which is "black film" or "black cinema." The paper explains that the cinematic term refers more to a style or tone rather than a genre, although the term has come to be used interchangeably with both. The paper notes that these films were often believed to express the contrast between the tension and anxieties of post-war society with the fake glitter of Hollywood. The paper focuses on narrative style, characterization, the role of women, and cinematography. In conclusion, the paper uses specific film examples to highlight certain aspects of the genre - "The Maltese Falcon" (1941), "Key Largo" (1948), and "The Asphalt Jungle" (1950).

Outline:
Introduction
Themes of Film Noir
Narrative Style
Characterizations
The Women of Noir
Techniques
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"The role of the femme fatale was absolutely crucial to the genre, because she was always central to keeping the action going, often by her wielding her influence on the protagonist and other men. The protagonists of these dark films were always swayed by the siren song of the beautiful but self-destructive beauty. With her unparalleled skill at manipulating her man, she would lead him to the point at which he commits some drastic crime. The crime is committed ostensibly out of love and passion. However, one might argue that the cynical nature of the classic protagonist of this genre might have led himself down the same path just as easily without her--though this would make for a less dramatic film."

Tags:Maltese Falcon, Key Largo Asphalt Jungle cinema

Abstract
This paper describes a sculpture known only as 'Seated Figure' from the Veracruz region, which is a primary example of Mesoamerican culture and art. According to the paper, the sculpture is dated somewhere between the fifth and eighth centuries C.E. The figure is imposing and authoritative in its pose, with legs crossed beneath, and with each hand on a corresponding knee. The material is ceramic, painted with black asphalt paint.

From the Paper
"The sculpture known only as Seated Figure is from the Veracruz region, in the Gulf Coast of Mexico, an example of a Mesoamerican culture in the region dated somewhere between the fifth and eighth centuries C.E. The figure is imposing and authoritative in its pose, with legs crossed beneath, and with each hand on a corresponding knee. The material is ceramic, painted with black asphalt paint. The piece involves a number of mysteries, notably the curled form seen in the mouth, an unusual feature that has not been explained. The figure wears a headdress, a ceremonial amulet around the neck, and a loin cloth that is stretched between the thighs in a realistic evocation of the way a..."

Tags:seated, figure, mesoamerica

Abstract
This manufacturing study will examine the evolution of the assembly line production used within the American automobile industry. By examining "Asphalt Nation" by Jane Holtz, one can realize how greater reliance on mass produced manufactured goods on the moving assembly greatly lowered demand for handcrafted items in specialized labor. In this manner, Holtz, defines the increasing reliance on automobile manufacturers to create cars through this process to give greater access for travel in the middle classes. The great industrial revolutions of England and those that occurred within America in the 19th century help one to realize how more customers could have access to certain products. In the case of the automobile, Henry Ford sought to make it possible to give every American a car.

Tags:holtz, ford, assembly

Abstract
This paper presents a memo to Councillor Alex Chiu of the city of Markham. The memo discusses a recent civil engineering study regarding the problem of potholes in Markham. It summarizes the nature of the problem and presents possible solutions as well as recommendations regarding what would be the most effective solution for temporary patching of the potholes.

Table of Contents:
Summary
Findings
An Assessment of the Problem
Solutions
Recommendation

From the Paper
"Repairing potholes is a complex problem, particularly if one attempts repairs in a time of high levels of precipitation and extreme temperature fluctuations, as in the Spring. Today there exist materials and technologies that permit effective solutions to potholes that need not wait until summer (Kuennen 2004). However, as will be seen, these solutions come with higher costs. Solutions will be determined by the expected lifespan of the road surface.
"If the City of Markham intends to reconstruct the pavement of the section of Steeles Avenue East in question within a span of, say, three years, then a short-term patch using hot-mix asphalt may be the preferable solution. In this regard, as specialists in the field of pavement and pothole patching observe: "You have to price your options to the length of life that you want for the patch" (Kuennen 2004, p.32)."

Tags:asphalt, roads, pavement

Abstract
A quick look through any magazine article or book about Marilyn Monroe is almost certain to turn up the word "goddess". This paper examines why that should be the case, for surely none of her fans believed that she was in fact a divine being equivalent to Athena or Diana? The author feels that it is imperative not to dismiss her elevation to the pantheon as mere hyperbole. While she was certainly beautiful and famous, many other movie stars are also beautiful and famous and yet have not earned her sobriquet of goddess. This paper examines what qualities Marilyn possessed to make her in the eyes of her fans something nearer to divinity than simple mortality. It also contains a brief biography of the star.

From the Paper
"But how did this tragic story become the biography of a goddess? Its tragedy was perhaps actually an essential element of it, for no doubt what has attracted many people to become fans of Marilyn since her death is the element of tragedy that clings to her. She seems to us to be very much a figure struck down by the fates, a character from the classical world in which people's own actions matter less than the plans that the gods have for them."

Tags:Norma, Jeanne, Twentieth, Century, Fox, The, Asphalt, Jungle, Joe, DiMaggio