Abstract
Examines how the brain processes are affected by sleep. Discusses plastic cerebral changes that underlie learning and memory, functions of sleep, brain protein synthesis, and the role of sleep in learning and reprocessing memories.

From the Paper
"The following paper will present the topic of sleep learning or the learning of material, while asleep. While there are no experimental studies regarding the effects of sleep learning, science has shown that sleep is ..."

Abstract
This paper discusses how important it is to the safety of the aviation industry that pilots get sufficient proper sleep. The writer describes the five stages of sleep which are necessary for resting mind and body, and explains why being asleep does not necessarily mean that one has experienced all five stages. The writer then describes how fatigue manifests itself in reduced reflexes and reduced function, and how it progresses and affects us from its very first onset. A list of signs that indicate a pilot is not fit to fly and needs more sleep is also provided. The paper concludes that it is necessary to make sure that our bodies are always in proper working order before we take command of an aircraft.

From the Paper
"The second stage of sleep is more an intermediate stage. The sleeper will now gradually fall into a deeper state of sleep. The body now is really beginning to slow down. Bodily functions such as metabolism, secretions, and cardiac activity greatly decrease. The sleeper can still be awakened quiet easily by sounds, although sight is severely diminished. If you were to open up the sleeper's eyes in this stage they could not see. This stage will usually last for about 20 minutes."

Tags:oblivion, flight crew, relaxation oxygen dream FAA cockpit coordination

Abstract
This paper proposes changing the way patient history and physicals are taken, by having emergency room nurses take them instead of floor nurses. The paper explains that there are long waits in the waiting room, patients often fall asleep before they reach the floor, while family members often go home because of the long wait. The paper describes the difficulty in getting information from either sleepy patients or those with dementia.

From the Paper
"The situation that I would like to change is that if a patient comes into the emergency room in the evening and then has to wait more than three hours to be seen, by the time they get up to the floor, they are often asleep. I would like to change the procedure so that if there is going to be a long wait in the emergency room, the ER nurse can fill out the history and physical paperwork on the patient while they are awake, and the..."

Tags:emergency room, waiting times, patients, nurses, dementia

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the possibility of life as a dream, concentrating on the philosophy of Descartes. The writer notes that Descartes, in his 'Meditations on First Philosophy', explored the issue by analyzing his own behavior according to his own perceptions. Descartes noted that to his knowledge he is a man, and being a man (human) he must be sleep as a habit. The writer discusses that Descartes described the dream state when one sleeps as being characterized by the same things the insane think in their waking moments - or things even less probable. The writer looks at Descartes' view that at the same time, our dreams can contain everyday things - for example, one might dream they are in very familiar circumstances, such as being dressed and sitting by the fire, when in fact they are asleep and lying, undressed, in bed.

From the Paper
"Is life just a dream? Is life possibly a dream? Why or why not? What consequences or implications can you draw from the view that life is just a dream? Schopenhauer once famously posed this seemingly unanswerable question. Its origins stem back to the beginnings of philosophy as a school of thought (perhaps even further beyond). The present paper examines whether or not life is just a dream - or whether we must admit the possibility that life may be a dream as limited humans with only our own faulted minds ..."

Tags:life, dream, philosophy

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that when pilots become tired, they are more likely to make mistakes or even to fall asleep - both of which are unacceptable for anyone seeking to pilot an aircraft safely. This study examines how pilots are affected by fatigue in aviation and how this can lead to accidents. The research shows that pilot fatigue can be caused by some other, less readily identifiable, sources as well. To this end, the paper presents a review of the peer-reviewed, scholarly and popular literature concerning pilot fatigue followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion. The writer concludes that until the day comes when aircraft are completely autonomous and do not require human control, the issue of pilot fatigue will remain relevant and important to the flying public, pilots and policymakers alike. The paper
includes a figure and research log.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"When many people think of becoming fatigued, the cause usually relates to simply becoming physically tired for whatever reason, but the research quickly shows that pilots are subjected to a wide range of conditions that are unique to the profession. For example, according to Garland and his colleagues, pilot experiences during World War II suggest that noise and even vibrations can contribute to pilot fatigue. Likewise, Ward points out that pilots during World War II could become fatigued because of the very nature of their jobs and the types of aircraft involved .. "

Tags:aircraft, safety, accidents, flying

Abstract
This paper explains that Donne's "Sonnet 10" argues that Death is simply living a masquerade; therefore, we do not have to accept the fact that Death is the end of everything. The author points out that the poem follows the Italian sonnet form with a standard "abbaabba" rhyme scheme consisting of fourteen lines and ends with a dramatic couplet, which is generally associated with Elizabethan sonnets. The paper relates that Donne's point is that Death itself is really asleep; in the end, we will wake from our sleep with Death, which leads us to eternal life.

From the Paper
"Donne begins by addressing Death with a serious, yet cynical attitude. His tone is straightforward and he appears to be very confident when he tells death that it has nothing to be proud of, although "many have called thee/Mighty and dreadful" (1-2). Donne tells Death that this fact is simply "not so" (2). Again, we get a sense for Donne's tone with this line he is meeting Death face to face without fear or intimidation. Donne then introduces us to an interesting paradox when he says, "For those whom thou thinkest thou dost overthrow,/Die not" (3-4). This is important because it sets the mood for the entire poem. Donne is speaking to Death without absolutely any reservation. He points out that even those who do die, have not been actually overthrown by Death. In essence, Donne has absolutely no respect for Death."

Tags:italian, elizabethan, masquerade, tone, sleep

Abstract
Can dreams help us be more creative and intuitive in our lives? This paper is a quest for more answers on this subject. It asks questions like: How do dreams that we receive when we are asleep help us in our waking lives? If we tap into these dreams and allow ourselves to be completely open to whatever may come we might just open up to pure insight and intuition. The paper also includes expert opinions on the subject.

From the Paper
"According to Frances Vaughn author of Awakening Intuition , "Carl Jung believed that dream content did not necessarily conceal or disguise psychological truth, but actually revealed it." Jung felt that dreams could reveal "hidden conflict or problems, or point the way to an unrecognized possibility of future development." (Vaughn, 1979). I believe this to be true because I feel that all dreams are creative and that dreams are our most intuitive resource for understanding and unfolding the mind. Many people work out business deals in their sleep. Many others such as painters, sculptors and musicians etc... can create artwork while sleeping. And some can even go to bed with their problems and after waking up they realize the problems have been solved while they were sleeping. I would like learn to do this by becoming more open to my own intuition. This sounds like a positive way of growing, a way to self-discovery, and a path to higher learning, and self-growth."

Tags:carl, intuition, jung, sleep

Abstract
Insomnia, the most common sleep complaint, is the feeling of not having slept well or long enough. Common problems are sleeping too little, difficulty falling asleep (taking more than 30-45 minutes), awakening frequently during the night, or waking up early and being unable to get back to sleep. Age-related changes contribute to one's ability to sleep continuously and soundly. Many older adults have problems sleeping. With advancing age, some people switch to shorter nights and some to longer ones.

Abstract
This paper will discuss the book "Into the Wild" by Jon Krakauer. The McCandless story tells us of a person who supposedly starved to death in the woods, but in fact, any person might have fallen asleep in the deep woods, and frozen to death. By realizing the way of life that this individual sought, we can come to terms with the fact, that however his death looked a suicide, the way of nature can be harsh for even the most prepared individual who chooses to face it.

Abstract
The paper defines circadian rhythms as what has allowed human beings to adapt to the 24-hour cycle that makes up day and night in this world. The paper examines how the brain and environment regulate circadian rhythms. The paper looks at why people sleep and the various factors that affect how much time people are asleep and awake.

From the Paper
"In this manner, our circadian rhythm gives our brain a real biological clock, that genetically gives us a checkpoint and outline for when to act and when to be inactive. This occurs because of an even more minute biological instance. These SCN neurons that we have discussed and defined "link to the tiny pineal gland, which secretes melatonin, a hormone that has a relaxing effect on the body" (Atkinson et al., 2003, p. 211). What occurs in this biological exchange is that during the day, the pineal gland is more dormant and relaxed and then, conversely, during the nighttime, "SCN neurons are inactive, allowing melatonin levels to increase and promoting relaxation and sleepiness" (Atkinson et al., 2003, p. 211). Thus, the brain has adapted and evolved to a night-and day-setup that the human body has enacted upon it."

Tags:brain, hormone, melatonin, neurons