Abstract
In this article, the writer defines set-aside programs as programs that go beyond the concept of affirmative action, designed to create equal opportunity, and actually force companies to contract a certain percentage of businesses owned by minorities and women. The writer argues that these types of programs, while beneficial to some, are actually harmful to others in that, if a specific percentage of work must be contracted to specific groups of individuals, then other individuals are, out of necessity, not able to perform the work, even though they may be more competent or more able to complete the necessary task. This paper examines set-aside programs using utilitarian and deontological considerations of ethics, and shows that programs involving affirmative action, particularly those of set aside programs, are both unnecessary, and are not morally acceptable.

From the Paper
"At the same time, affirmative action, as a concept, may also be permissible from a deontological standpoint. According to deontology, actions done out of duty, rather than as a means to an end, that can be done consistently by all humans reflect good, and thus will always be ethical acts. Since some would view that compensation to those who have been victimized in the past is a duty, and that compensating for past wrongdoings is a duty that should be performed by all human beings, then such actions must be moral. This concept can be thought of as compensatory justice. Additionally, according to deontologist perspectives, the most qualified person has a "right" to the job at hand, regardless of the end consequences. As a result, discrimination against such individuals is morally unacceptable, and thus, affirmative action programs provide the steps to ensure this "duty", to provide the "right" for employment if one is qualified, is a morally acceptable action."

Tags:discrimination, minority, action, projects

Abstract
While the United States and Australia are literally a world apart geographically, the two countries share much in common today, including the English language; a legacy of British influence, customs and traditions; a comparable constitution; and, more importantly for the purposes of this discussion, the common law. The research shows that the respective contract laws that evolved over time in these two countries share this heritage, but some important differences have emerged that can make the difference between a successful contract and a failed one. Given the importance of timely and equitable adjudication of contracts of all types today, though, it is therefore important to understand when these legally binding instruments can be set aside and for what reasons. To this end, this paper provides the relevant background and a discussion of how and why contracts can be set aside in Australia and the United States. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Contract Law in Australia and the U.S. - Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"In fact, the legal system used in the United States and in most of the member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, including Australia, in based on this body of common law. As a result, common law is differentiated from formal rules that were developed by the separate acts of equity, to statute law (i.e., the acts of legislative bodies), and to the legal system derived from civil law that is now more popular in continental Europe and elsewhere (Kiralfy 2006)."

Tags:common, law, statute, third, party, Civil, Liability

Abstract
In this paper, Kahlo is very similar to Flush's understanding of the human being as the centerpiece of the relationship, as the parrots and monkeys are set-aside on the fringes of the painting. Spatially, the painting reflects a human centrist relationship with animals, as the animal acts as an ornament to the human being. However, Kahlo does choose to place the animal in frontage of the view, which contrasts Mrs. Barrett's vanity to a greater degree when interacting with Flush.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from The Paper Experts Inc. rive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 26213 Topic: Literature Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:notes, animals, society

Abstract
Paper refers to all that we do not know about the Internet or models discussed to do with freedom of speech or political information, or social connectivity, in the end, leaving cynical views aside in favour of what we do know of a convivial medium that does stand to improve the human condition and serve some groups of people who are very much better with its presence. Various materials, mainly from course readings.

From the Paper
Social, Political & More Convivial Aspects of the Internet. Introduction Technophiles claim that the Internet is democratizing the globe. However, this way of thinking seems to overlook how the psychological and communicative distances between people can become much greater as there is a small sector of the world's people that has access to computer technology, about the world, and then many more human beings who do not have access. Rather than bringing people together the Internet may be creating two kinds of people or two different kinds of human understanding in Have Internet Access and Have Not Internet Access categories.

Tags:web, theory, convivial

Abstract
A look at the two trials of Andrea Yates, and why after being convicted of murdering her five children, the verdict was set aside and in a second trial she was found not guilty by reason of insanity.

From the Paper
The Andrea Yates Case Can any mother who deliberately drowns her children possibly be considered "sane"? Is there any criminal punishment or sentence that can possibly be fair? These are the questions raised in the case of Andrea Yates, a Texas mother who killed her five children. The trial of Andrea Yates for the 2001 murder of her five children in Houston, Texas, raised two highly charged issues: maternal infanticide and the insanity defense. The former issue raised questions about the possibility of maternal violence, while the latter pitted those who held law as timeless and universal against those who believed law was affected

Tags:insanity defense, andrea yates, texas law

Abstract
This paper explains that, for more than a decade, scholars and judges of the legal world of international arbitration have been debating if a national court must enforce a foreign arbitral award that has been set aside by the authorities of the country where the award was made. The core issue, the author points out, relates to the identification of the legal order to which the arbitral award, which is being rendered in a given country, is said to belong. The paper presents cases that support showing deference to the judge of the seat and cases that support treating the arbitral award as an international decision. The sources are listed as footnotes instead of in a bibliography.

Table of Contents:
The Case for Showing Deference to the Judge of the Seat
The Case for Treating the Arbitral Award as an International Judicial Decision

From the Paper
"This is brightly illustrated by a 1999 decision Baker Marine where the Second Circuit declined to enforce two awards made in Lagos, which had been set aside by the Nigerian Federal High Court for various reasons including excess of jurisdiction of the arbitrators and improper award of punitive damages . The US Court of Appeals considered that the parties had chosen Nigerian law to govern both their arbitral proceedings and their substantive rights and that therefore the US public policy on arbitration directed the judges to give effect to the intent of the parties by respecting the outcome of the dispute as decided under Nigerian law."

Tags:identification, punitive damages, baker marine, norsolor, french case law

Abstract
This paper explores the various legacy purchase methods currently available which include credit cards, checks and online purchasing, which have basically done away with the need for actual cash. This paper details the various benefits to purchasing items and conducting business by way of a legacy payment method. This paper examines the numerous types of transactions that can be done with the use of a credit card including renting a car, hotel reservations, online and phone purchases. The writer of this paper also delves into the drawbacks of this particular payment method including the risk of exposing personal and financial information to third parties, when paying by credit card. This paper discusses the numerous problems that can arise when making purchases online where personal information is often vulnerable to exposure and unauthorized access. This paper also delves into the various technologies now available which help protect personal and sensitive information from being stolen which include the implementation of encrypted and secure websites.

Table of Contents:
Advantages
Disadvantages
Bibliography

From the Paper
"One of the most critical issues that exist in the use of legacy payment methods in a networked environment, such as the credit card, is how secured are the financial and personal information of the credit card users. Especially when used online, where information is oftentimes vulnerable to threats and unauthorized access, there is a high possibility that credit card information may not be secured. This thus is causing great concerns for consumers. One of the processes when using credit cards in an online trading activity is the transmission of credit card numbers. If the server or web site that handles the information exchange between the consumer and the receiver is susceptible to unauthorized access, there is a chance that the credit card information may be stolen and used by another person for his own personal transactions."

Tags:payment, currency, cash, credit, cards, technology, internet, security, finance

Abstract
Sociologists have from time to time attempted to define famine by highlighting one or more aspects of this multi-sided phenomenon. Most definitions usually emphasize only some of the attributes of famine, such as scarcity of food, or persistent starvation, while others tend to concentrate on the social, political or economic reasons that have led to widespread famine in particular regions at a given time. The paper argues that definitions which attempt to describe famine as "severe shortage of food" or "food shortage leading to widespread death from starvation" or "regional failure of food production and/or distribution" overlook the fact that famine may be chronic undernourishment leading to malnutrition that is sometimes exacerbated by a particularly poor crop yield or by other social conditions or political reasons that render foodstuffs inaccessible to a portion of a country's population. The paper shows, furthermore, that these definitions totally ignore the fact that famine may even occur within a region which has a sufficient food supply that is unevenly distributed, or a particular region where international aid is regularly sent and misappropriated by a small coterie which is usually appointed by local government.

From the Paper
"It is also necessary that western aid should intensify not simply in the form of food provision when death decimates the population of countries due to sudden drops in the availability of food, but also by providing the technical knowledge and frameworks for the building of factories that will produce a steady tonnage of nitrogen fertilizers that will increase the local crop yields. Distribution and accessibility of staple foodstuffs is at present inadequate and in some cases steadily in decline."

Tags:Malthusian, theory, anti-malaria, UNICEF

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of affirmative action and the relative moral position of minority set-aside programs. The perspective of this paper is that while set aside programs are well intentioned they are morally indefensible because they privilege one group over another. This paper examines the issue from both a utilitarian and a deontological perspective.

From the Paper
"This project discusses the issue of affirmative action and the relative moral position of minority set-aside programs. The perspective is that while set aside programs are well intentioned they are morally indefensible because they privilege one group over another. This project examines the issue from both a utilitarian and a deontological perspective."

Tags:set, aside, programs

Abstract
It is relatively easy to conceive of setting up a therapy group; there are many people who could benefit, too many, arguably, to see all of them as much as they need to be seen in individual settings. This paper examines how aside from that, research has shown that groups can deliver a different sort of care and help from that of individual practice. It discusses how it is not simply a matter of setting aside a space and a time and promoting the group and how there are a number of considerations beyond those simple ones, including the therapeutical basis on which the group is to be run, the composition of the group, whether the group is a perpetual or time-limited group and more.

Outline
Theories of Group Therapy
Middle Ground Between Theory and Practice
Practical Considerations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Indeed, there is even theory regarding which sorts of problems group therapy applies to best. One research study that was devoted to investigating the outcome of group therapy reported that although group therapy was generally effective, there were conditions that were not as well-suited to group therapy work. The study maintained that "it was not possible to recommend them (therapy groups) as routine prophylactic mental health practice because the control population also did extremely well: bereavement, in the great majority of instances, is a self-limited process" (Vinogradov & Yalom 1989). It could be concluded, therefore, that as grief is self-limiting, there would be no purpose served by a bereaved individual joining a therapy group."

Tags:patients, rational, emotive