Abstract
This paper reviews the history of Asian-American discrimination in the United States, race-based policies and court decisions. The author points out the stereotyping of all Asian Americans as a model minority image and why the term Asian Americans is too broad a category. The paper stresses the need for affirmative actions programs to correct the problem of under-representation of Asian-Americans in academia.

From the Paper
"There can be no question that Asian-Americans have been subject to racial discrimination in the United States. Until only a generation ago, Asian-Americans were essentially treated as second class ..."

Tags:affirmative action, asian americans, race, students

Abstract
This paper explains that Asian-American literature, which has grown considerably over the last several decades, is considered one of the subdivisions of multicultural literature. The author points out that scholarly and popular interest in Asian-American literature is of recent vintage, having found its direct roots in student activism at San Francisco State and the University of California, Berkeley in the late 1960s, which resulted in the creation of interdisciplinary ethnic studies programs; today, courses in Asian-American literature are common throughout U.S. higher education. The paper relates that Asian-American literature is an oft-contested field due to the wide variety of cultures and backgrounds in the Asian-Americans culture; however, this variety of backgrounds has given rise to writings reflective of cross-generational concerns and styles.

Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Course Outline
Course Abstract
Fiction
Group Project
Single Project
Survey
Conclusion

From the Paper
"When considering the history of Asian-American literature, it is necessary to also look at the history of those who came to the United States since its formation. In reviewing the Asian-American literature, it is also important to note the history of Asian immigration to the United States. The Chinese first started immigrating to the United States during the mid- to late-1860s, as part of the gold rush. They provided cheap labor for farms and the transcontinental railroad. Other Asian groups joined them during this same time to work in the Hawaiian sugar plantations or California farm fields. The Asians were recognized as second-class citizens from their very first days in the country. However, they still had to contribute 50 percent of the taxes collected in California between 1850 and 1870 because of the Foreign Miners Tax of 1850. Other discriminatory events included the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1885, which initiated a ban on Chinese immigration."

Tags:poem, immigration, goal, presentations, culture

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that historically the Asian-American population has experienced significant conflict with the health care system because of differences in culture, language and ideas on the delivery of health care. The writer points out that this conflict is evident using Leininger's trans-cultural model for nursing. The writer maintains that the research indicates that the Asian-American population has experienced a difficult existence in relation to health care. This existence has been complicated by barriers in language, understanding of the health care delivery system, communication and through the lack of cultural training that exists in the health care community. The writer concludes that in order to change the current dilemma it is evident that education of the health care community, as well as within the Asian community must commence. When this occurs then nurses will be able to provide quality care to this culture and ensure that the health concerns of this population are addressed.


Outline:
Introduction
Asian Cultural Group
Nutrition
Health Beliefs
Specific Health Concerns
Management of Health Care
Chinese Traditional Medicine
Conflict Between Asian Culture and U.S. Health Care
Cultural Assessment Theory: Leininger
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In relation to health, most Asian Americans use Western medical practices. However, many of these individuals also rely on Chinese Traditional Medicine as a corresponding health maintenance regime. For those Asian Americans that do practice Chinese Traditional Medicine as part of their health maintenance, the nutritional guidelines that they follow are based on a medical prescription for good health, allowing the flow of Qi to cease being restricted. Yet, those Asian Americans that do not practice Chinese Medicine have diets that severely affect their health. This is especially true within the lives of poor Asian Americans in large urban areas."

Tags:immigration, Chinese, medical, practices, medicines

Abstract
This paper explains that, although there has been a decline within overall narcotic use within the United States over the past decade, Asian-Americans/Pacific Islanders (AAPIs), as an aggregate group, have maintained their consistent level of narcotic use within the past decade. The author points out that the growth of drug use among Asian- American teenagers, which is a startling development, is centered within the risk areas of Los Angeles County. The paper proposes a survey of the Asian-American teenage population from two school districts in Los Angeles County and San Francisco County, which have the highest rate of Asian-American students on a national level.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literary Review
Methodology
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Empirical research has shown that ATOD use usually begins around the time of adolescence. This is especially true among Asian Americans teenagers as they confront the problems of identity development. Cultural, familial and economic conflicts which results from being Asian American can severely stress teenagers and lead them towards further alienation from adult peer groups. This general trend within the teenage population entails a deeper understanding of how ATOD impacts intergeneration conflict and Asian American teenage drug use."

Tags:identity, trafficking, population, delineation, generation

Abstract
This paper discusses the complex character of Jing-Mei Woo in Amy Tan's novel "The Joy Luck Club". It describes her experiences as a second-generation Asian-American and how she is caught between the Asian world and the Western world. The paper argues that Jing-Mei's difficulties are common to many Asian-Americans and Asian-American immigrants.

From the Paper
"Note that in both of these examples, there is no talk of assimilation. Rather, the goal is to retain an Asian identity, while at the same time adopting aspects of the American culture that are seen as desirable, and as congruent with an Asian identity. This seems to be a goal for many Asian-American immigrants. It certainly seems to be a goal that Suyuan sets for Jing-Mei. After all, she both reminds her that she will always be Chinese, while at the same time exhorting her to excel in the ways of the Americans. The latter is unrealistic, as she takes it to extremes. It is left to Jing-Mei to figure out what is possible for her in her new culture, and what is not. However, to do so she also has to get in touch with her Chinese roots - as she does by visiting her sisters."

Tags:oriental, immigrant, assimilation, identity

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of Asian-American gangs in the United States and attempts to explain why many Asian youths that have immigrated to the United States become gang members. The paper looks at the socio-economic reasons and the cultural reasons as well as the Asian mentality that makes gang life appear attractive to Asian youth and then takes a look at certain aspects of gang life including attitudes, subcultures and fighting between different Asian groups.

From the Paper
"When one wonders why Asian-American young people become gang members, they might want to listen to Vietnamese observer Le Xuan Kho. He suggests that Asian-Americans refugees share a common tendency, after coming to America. They like, he says, to cluster together and form community organizations. "[This] can be traced back to a traditional pattern common to all agrarian societies in Southeast Asia," Le says. (Cassidy)"

Tags:indochinese, language, vietnamese, independent, family, member, village, citizen, criminals

Abstract
This paper is a thorough discussion of the history of Asian American healthcare in the United States with respect to cultural diversity. The paper is broken down into discussions on healthcare, cultural diversity, traditional medicine and Western medical practice. This paper also focuses on ways in which the disparity in Asian American healthcare delivery can be resolved.

From the Paper
"According to Dennis and Small (2003), today's challenge to the modern nurse is to become culturally informative and sensitive about diverse cultures as well to incorporate other medical care dimensions in consumer healthcare delivery system. Not only does the presence of cultural diversity lead to a better understanding of acceptable healthcare practices but increases the competence of the nurse practitioner, nurse administrator, and research nurse by providing them with alternative methods to optimal patient care. Further, all nursing education centers, clinics, and hospitals must establish the needed relevancy of diversity training. With the increased number of racially and ethically diverse patients visiting medical facilities all medical educators are urged to increase the sensitivity of all medical practitioners to all patients representing diverse cultures."

Tags:asianamerican, healthcare, diversity

Abstract
This paper analyzes the way the literature of a certain culture portrays that culture. The focus of this paper is on the Asian-American immigrant population. The paper examines and compares two novels written by Asian-Americans, "China Boy" by Gus Lee and "The Hundred Secret Senses" by Amy Tan. The paper contends that the two novels share similarities in setting, the role of multiple languages and the belief in the Chinese spirit world. Nevertheless, the paper points out that these similarities exist only in the most general sense; these three shared themes are dealt with very differently in each book.

From the Paper
"The United States of America is a country of immigrants. Throughout the history of our nation, people from all over the world have come to the United States. Disparate as their reasons for new so may be, all immigrants had to learn to cope with a similar situation. Living in a new and, to them, foreign nation, the immigrants had to come to terms with both their present and their past and how the two could be integrated. What that de facto meant is that the immigrants and their children had, in order to become successfully a part of the culture of the United State, to reconcile the culture of their homeland with American culture. This reconciliation was often unwilling or forced, and often fraught with problems. Nevertheless, immigrants often wanted to keep part of their old customs, even while adapting to America. In the twentieth century, America has experienced a wave of non-European immigrants."

Tags:chinese, amy, tan, gus, lee

Abstract
This paper discusses Yen Le Espiritu's book, "Asian-American Panethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities". The paper examines the issue at stake and presents the author's point of view. The paper analyzes the Vincent Chin killing and the ensuing court case. The paper contends that the book explains ethnicity and Panethnicity, very thoroughly, by giving examples of the confusion about Asians many Caucasians exhibit and express. The author also discusses the influx of Asian immigrants and refugees to America and explores how they have had to adopt to the new culture.

From the Paper
"The same cannot be said for Asian Americans - and much of the book is going into great detail to emphasize this point - because they have "no readily identifiable symbols of ethnicity." For example, Vietnamese people do not speak the same language as Japanese, or Cambodians - though they are all from Asia. Meanwhile, there are things, though, the author points out, that do bind Asian-Americans to a common heritage, and they are not positive cultural things (p. 17). They are: "A history of exploitation, oppression, and discrimination.""

Tags:japanese, chinese, cambodian

Abstract
This paper discusses the film, "Who Killed Vincent Chin", and the message it contains about America's tendency to perpetuate stereotypes and racist attitudes regarding the Asian-American community. The paper looks at some of the reasons why stereotypes persist, the serious consequences of racial hatred, and the inadequacy of the American legal system to address the problems that racism creates.

From the Paper
"The film Who Killed Vincent Chin? tells a story that on the one hand is too common in American society--a young man gets into a fight at a bar and is killed. Alcohol and testosterone create such tragedies virtually every day. This particular instance was different because it had an economic and racial component suggesting that Vincent Chin was killed by two white men because of their resentment at the loss of jobs in the auto industry to Asian, and specifically Japanese, auto manufacturers. The film tells this story and suggests that the broader issues are highly relevant and in some sense make us all guilty of killing Vincent Chin, guilty for perpetuating stereotypes and racist attitudes and for creating the climate where this sot of crime could occur."

Tags:ebens, nitz, yellow, peril, laundryman, democratic, discrimination, ethnicity, cultural, groups