Abstract
This paper discusses the tale of the Last Supper. It specifically discusses the renderings of this tale of Christ by Andrea Del Castagno, Domenico del Ghirlandaoi and Leonardo da Vinci. It shows how through their artworks, the last Supper literally comes to life via the masterful and extraordinary skills of these artists, all of which are considered three of the great geniuses of the Renaissance Period in Italy.

From the Paper
"Much like Castagno's rendition, the figures in this painting are also somewhat static and rigid, much like statues of marble rather than actual living and breathing human beings. The perspective is also quite similar, for it places limits on the movements of the figures via the hands and the upper torsos. In contrast to Castagno's version, the figures do not appear to be praying, yet through the expressions on their faces, it is clear that they are quite concerned about something. Also, the figure of Judas Iscariot is to the right of the figure of Jesus and is looking directly at him. Architecturally, Ghirlandaio has replaced Castagno's alcove with two Gothic-inspired arches which either provide a view of the outside world or is simply a wall painting."

Tags:perspective, illusion, gospel

Abstract
The paper examines the works of Kelly Mark, a Toronto based artist whose work is currently being shown at the Justina M. Barnicke Gallery of the University of Toronto. The paper describes how Mark works in many media, and this exposition includes sculpture, video, drawings, photographs, audios and performance art.

From the Paper
"Kelly Mark is a Toronto based artist whose work is currently being shown at the Justina M. Barnicke Gallery of the University of Toronto. This artist works in many media, and this exposition includes sculpture, video, drawings, photographs, audios and performance art. In other words, Mark does not constrain her artistic expression by the medium. There are the examples of many of them at the exhibition. The `theme' of many of the pieces shown is time. There is the 33-minute stare video, there are the punched time cards as a part of on-going project, the clocks strategically placed in the REM display, etc. Mark's..."

Tags:kelly mark, art, review

Abstract
The paper examines Shirin Neshat's photography as seen in the exhibitions "Women of Allah" and "Women of the Gun" and shows how they examine the conflicting assumptions about Islamic women. The paper also discusses her video work, the trilogy "Turbulent, Rapture, and Fervour" that explores gender in traditional Islamic society. The paper shows how Neshat conveys how Islamic women are trapped in a culture with no moral liberty, or visible rational moral or ethical rule on which to act. The paper asserts that while Neshat's images are rooted in Iranian culture and Iranian conflicts, her message and her identity are universal, and like any proper art also transcend cultural boundaries.

From the Paper
"Shirin Neshat is an Iranian born photography and video artist. Now based in New York, she was displaced from her homeland as a result of the Iranian Revolution, and she was away for twelve years. When she came back, she hardly recognized the place. The basis for the transformation, and the resulting dichotomy that she notices serves as the basis for her inspiration, which led her achievement-wise as an artist into new directions visually. She is best known for her exhibit Women of Allah, but to associate her just with the groundbreaking exhibit would not do justice to her full vision and body of work to this point, with particular emphasis on the fact that she is an accomplished filmmaker, both critically and quantitatively."

Tags:women, martyrdom, photography, videos, images, Iran

Abstract
The paper explores representative artwork that neatly encapsulates the cultures from which they sprang. In each instance, be it Ganesh, Chinese ritual bronzes, or sculptures portraying Amida, the artwork that the paper discusses has provided unique subtleties and nuances that reflect the subtleties and nuances of their respective cultures. No less importantly the aforementioned artwork illustrates the intersection between art and religion and the paper discusses how religion gives shape to both a society and to its artwork.

From the Paper
"Finding the Souls of Ancient Societies in Their Artwork: the Artistic Creations of Pre-Modern India, China and Japan It is commonly said and written that the artwork of a society is a mirror into that society. The following paper will examine this proposition by looking at Indian Ganesh artwork, representative Chinese artwork from the Bronze Age and, not least of all, Buddhist artwork that captures the spirit of ancient Japan. What should become when reviewing each of these artifacts is that a society's collective soul is often to be found in the artwork it produces - at least if the observer is prepared to look hard enough and long enough for it. The imagery associated with the Indian deity Ganesh is quite astounding."

Tags:india, china, japan

Abstract
The paper relates that because it is used in commercial, military and political applications, illustration also acts as a means to trace social and cultural history. The paper therefore looks at the many well-known illustrators in America's history in order to show how the mediums and types of illustration have changed with the times. The paper looks at several illustrators who were politically affiliated and expressed their beliefs through their artwork.

From the Paper
"Today, with the high-tech electronic communication and the ease of using computers to conceive of, draw, or refine artwork, it is difficult to conceive of an environment where there were few visuals and all had to be done by hand one-by-one. The creativity that existed through this artwork has been "illustrious," where each designer uses an "illustration" or an image to enhance or make communication more attractive. "Illustration is a communicative tool, clarifying and defining our understanding of the world" (National museum of American illustration). Because it is used in commercial, military and political applications, illustration also acts as a means to trace social and cultural history. It is a significant and lasting art form that provides an actual visual record of civilization."

Tags:comics, film, books, politics, artists

Abstract
This paper discusses two paintings in the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse, NY: Beatrice Wose Smith's painting "Little Falls," an oil painting of the town of that name in upstate New York, and Miriam Beerman's "Ghetto Documents Drawing," of a Holocaust victim. The author describes the lines, structure and color of both paintings and their emotional impact on the author as well as on two other visitors to the museum. The author also explains why both should be museum pieces, in the author's opinion. Images of the paintings discussed are included.

From the Paper
"I believe this painting has intrinsic value because of the fact that it obviously meant something to the artist because she came from the area and it also is a beautiful piece of art. This painting in my opinion does belong in a museum because of the artist's talent and its amazing beauty and also because it is a piece of Central New York history. I think this painting shows today's society that all they have to do is stop and look around because everyday life is art."

Tags:representational intensity symbolize, domestic violence, irregular battered suffering

Abstract
The paper analyzes "Loving Care" (1993) and "Mom and Dad" (1994) by Janine Antoni and shows how while Antoni works within two different mediums in the context of these pieces, she keeps the central aspect of gender conflict that arises in modern society. The paper also discusses how the works of Warhol and Beuys are a major influence on these pieces, as they clearly bring about protest and issues of mass production within the scope of imaging and performance.

Tags:antoni, warhol, beuys

Abstract
The paper analyzes Georgia O'Keefe's "Lake George Autumn" and "Church Steeple" paintings and focuses on their subject matter, content, sociopolitical aspects and what O'Keefe was trying to communicate through the paintings.

Outline:
Introduction
Lake George Autumn
Subject Matter
Content
Sociopolitical
What Was O'Keefe Trying to Communicate
Church Steeple
Subject Matter
Content
Sociopolitical

From the Paper
"Georgia O'Keefe's artwork has always been of great interest to journalists, critics and scholars who follow famous and talented people. But her many paintings and drawings - from New Mexico, New York City, and Lake George in the Adirondacks - are her truly lasting treasures, not what people say about them. O'Keefe's many paintings and drawings have stirred the emotions and spirits of millions of people who know little or nothing about art. And the exquisiteness, originality, and timeless beauty of her paintings will endure for as long as there are people to see them."

Tags:oil, paints, canvas, colors, shades

Abstract
This paper discusses social and media theorists' predictions about the merging of technology and art. The paper also examines the use of technology in the artwork of Raphael Lozano-Hemmers. In addition, the paper discusses the different forms of technology used in art today. Photographs are included with the paper as well as end notes. The paper has no works cited page but includes APA style footnotes.

From the Paper
"Technological innovation and change have impacted on creative practice in such a way that foundations of the art world have shifted. Modern technology1 has made significant advances since the middle of the 20th century, with the first widely accepted item being the television. TV came into peoples homes, and brought the world with it. Technology has now infiltrated our daily lives on a much wider scale, making it easily accessible to anyone in the westernized world. Artists have adopted technology as both a medium and a subject, pushing art, creative practice and technology forward."

Tags:pulse front, gravity loop, artwork exhibition visuals, lozano-hemmer

Abstract
This paper defines Samuel Mockbee as a renowned architect and a great artist and examines the works of Samuel Mockbee which portrayed powerful artworks that test the mind. It shows how Mockbee had a specific talent for portraying powerful themes within his artwork in a subtle and yet obvious method. The paper tells us of the life of Mockbee, who grew up in the rural Alabama region. The author relates that Mockbee dedicated most of his life in the south and, lived through the stages when the south was being confronted with trials and tribulations of the civil rights movement. The author continues the paper with discussions of some of the more well-known pieces of artwork and architecture that Mockbee created. In conclusion, the author tells us that Mockbee's artwork shows characteristics as well as finesse, as he shows why his architecture was always soulful in its own context.

From the Paper
"Charles Moore is a very metaphorical artwork, brilliantly hewn by Mockbee. The overall arrangement of the forms on the picture is centered in the middle. There is no hint of symmetry. The overall patterning shows that the entire surface does not include design elements. The major design element is enlarged and takes a considerable amount of the design surface. The focal point of the picture is leading towards the right as most objects are facing to the right. The hierarchical scale indicates that the rooster/chicken and the figure of the man are most distinguished in the picture, i.e. they are the main source of appeal."

Tags:architectural, picture, colors, emphasis, characteristics, context