Abstract
The fact that so many of these artists were of a military background begs the question: Are the themes and styles of English Canadian art during the decades immediately after 1759 influenced by these artist's military backgrounds? To answer this question, this paper will first discuss British artists in Canada during this time, and their backgrounds, and then proceed to an examination of two particular artists and their works.

Tags:canadian, artists, analyzed

Abstract
This paper describes some famous artists including Rembrandt, Renoir and Sargent. The author gives particular emphasis to artists who painted on canvas and concentrated on portraits of women.

From the paper:

"Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn was considered to be the greatest artist of the Dutch Baroque Era. Rembrandt lived from 1606 until 1669. He specialized in portraiture and was a master of light and shadows. Woman with a Pink, an oil on canvas, was painted by Rembrandt in the early 1660s. The unidentified woman in this warm but somber portrait offers a pink (or carnation), symbolic of marriage, to her husband in Man with a Magnifying Glass. This painting is dark and slightly haunting, with the woman seeming to be lost in deep meditative thought."

Tags:Artists, Canvas, Paintings, Portraits

Abstract
An account of selected women artists representing two periods: the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, citing the importance of their social connections in enabling them to pursue a career as professional artists.

From the Paper
"However art did not so much create the Renaissance although of course its creative principles were significant as reflect the dynamics of post medieval thought and behavior. The series of gradual changes in values ways of thinking and beliefs that emerged beginning in the ... th century never disposed entirely of the values or iconography of Christian Europe however the values of theocracy and soteriology ..."

Tags:Enlightenment, Renaissance, women artists

Abstract
This paper considers how two contemporary women artists of Arab origin--Ghada Amer and Mona Hatoum-- deal with such issues as their ethnic and cultural identity. The paper further explores the impact of religion, dislocation from their homelands, social and cultural restrictions on their work.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the importance of the Arab women artists Mona Hatoum and Ghada Amer as contemporary artists and as having an aesthetic vision that reflects aspects of their identity, culture of origin, religion, social position and special challenges that they face because of their background. The plan of the research will be to set the lives and careers of these artists in social and historical context, including the context of Arab art in general and women's representation in that world in particular."

Tags:Ghada Amer, artists, cultural, Mona Hatoum, Arab Culture, Orientalism

Abstract
Sir Charles Eastlake and Mrs. Merrifield added much, perhaps indirectly, to our knowledge of 19th century English artists' techniques. This paper examines their milieu, and how they gained interest in the painting that they wrote upon, along with their published contributions to fine art scholarship. Both authors are looked at in the light of a particular cultural and intellectual environment.

Tags:english, artists', techniques

Abstract
The paper attempts to illustrate how ideas and conceptions of abstract art have changed and developed since the early years of the twentieth century. The paper compares two modern abstract artists, Frank Stella and Robert Pepperell, with more traditional views of abstract art, such as those of Wassily Kandinsky. The paper shows how contemporary abstract artists still adhere to the formal and stylistic tenets of early abstraction but without the idealism that had initiated the abstract art movement.

Outline:
Introduction
Brief Overview of Abstract Art
Modern Abstract Artists: Frank Stella and Robert Pepperell
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Abstract art is commonly defined as, "art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non representational way." (NationMaster Encyclopedia: Abstract art). This definition does not deal with all the issues surrounding the meaning and understanding of abstract art and there is a great deal of dissension and argument among critics and art theorists about the nature and meaning of the term 'abstract'. However, the general view is that abstract art is essentially non-representational and non-objective. It is also seen from an artistic viewpoint as an attempt to provide an understanding of the world and reality that cannot be obtained by the methods and techniques of representation."

Tags:style, technique, idealism, expressionism, perception

Abstract
This paper discusses the works of two selected contemporary African-American artists of the twentieth century and outlines their background and education that influenced their artistic output. For comparative purposes, both the artists, Lorna Simpson and Glenn Ligon, are chosen because they were born in the 1960s when African-Americans in US faced discrimination and prejudices at the hands of the Whites and this aspect of race and identity is commonly seen in the works of Simpson and Ligon, as discussed in the paper.

Outline:
Lorna Simpson: Background and Education
Glenn Ligon: Background and Education
Lorna Simpson: Artworks
Glenn Ligon: Artworks
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the mid-1980s, Simpson began to experiment with photography, merged with textual context, as an engaging method to present her ideas about race, identity and gender of black women in the Americas. She created the 'photo-text' technique where chosen texts were superimposed on the photograph to signify multitude meanings. Simpson mainly used images of women as her subjects. One of her first works, titled You're Fine, You're Hired (1988) represented an African woman lying on her side and there were a list of terms associated with physical exam. On her right, the words 'Secretarial' and 'Position' were engraved. These wooden-framed Polaroid images signified the trials black women suffered to exercise job opportunities. Simpson juxtaposes chosen images and text to signify the latent underlying racism still found in American culture.
"Another work, Necklines (1989), portrays identical images of a black woman, showing only the mouth, neck, chin and collar bone in a circular frame. Between the two identical images are engraved the words "ring, surround, lasso, noose, eye, areola, halo, cuffs, collar, loop" in black plaques, which definitely signify the menace and bondage African women undergo in Americas. The end text, "feel the ground sliding from under you" suggests lynching even though the images represented are serene and elegant (NGA, 2005)."

Tags:race, photo-text, homosexuality, How It Feels to be Colored Me

Abstract
This paper studies the different concepts related to networks and communications, as well as the establishment of an online academic community for artists. It looks at the online academic community that Stanford University has started in the pursuit of determining whether such a community can be beneficial for all the artist students. The paper includes graphs and tables.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Network Defined
Social Networks
The Upsurge of Different Social Networks
The Role that Social Networks Play
Communication Networks
Computer Mediated Networks and Hyperlink Networks
The Internet Phenomenon
Community Web Sites
Emergence of Networks' Commercial Markets
Privatization and Rising up of World Wide Webs
Academic Networks
Personal or Face-to-Face Networks
Online Networks
Implication to Communication and Information Networks
Barriers to Network Communication
On Freedom
On Control
Establishment of an Online Community
Comparison of an Online Community versus Physical Community
The Artist
The Artist as An Inventor and Scientist
The Artist As Part of An Online Academic Community
Case Study (Club Nexus)
Discussion
Advantages of putting up an Online Academic Community
Other Areas to Consider
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Meanwhile, the coming of the new millennium has brought new and more challenging technologies. Different forms of communications such as Internet, mobile phones and SMS, Internet chat or MIRCs, and e-groups penetrated majority of the countries around the world. Communication through computer - generated networks became very visible. This enables any individual to talk with someone you cannot see in a face-to-face basis, to buy something and have it delivered without having to go out of your home, to research for any information with just one click on the Internet, or to meet new friends. Even on - line studies or distance education through computer - generated communication sprouted like mushrooms. More and more schools started to offer distance form of learning to accommodate students who, due to lack of time, opted to enroll in a much "scheduled-free" learning method. Furthermore, the idea of learning through online gave birth to online academic communities, as pioneered by Stanford University's Club Nexus. This academic community brings the students of the same preference closer to one another and at the same time broadens the students "world"."

Tags:sociology, hyperlink, intranet, telecommunications

Abstract
This paper focuses on the modernist or "modernista" movement of the early 20th century and examines how French culture and artists of the time influenced these artists. The paper also discusses how these influences bled through to their own cultural identity and expression in Spain.

From the Paper
"It is difficult to imagine the art world without a French influence. It seems that throughout history much of art has been based out of French culture and social ideas. The central location for such artistic creation has primarily been that of Paris, France. It seems that many artists have journeyed there for education or intellectual freedom of expression. It is a special place, a place that thrives on the energy art represents to the world. Even today, it is the place to be an artist. There is a certain allure and safety as if an artist's identity automatically fits with Paris. Maybe the draw can be attributed too much of its pulse is generated by art and the museums there that house art. This pulse breeds a certain rhythm artistic people can relate to and feel comfort. This in not to say that art cannot be produced in other cities. It just seems that many artistic movements have found their beginnings in this city. Still I think the reason that many movements thrive elsewhere is because artists take their experiences home with them. The cultural influence carries over to their new environment."

Tags:impressionism, symbolism, nouveau

Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of World War I on British art and follows the transformation and disintegration of Futurism and Vorticism from 1914 - c. 1920. In particular, it examines Percy Wyndham Lewis, Christopher Nevinson and Paul Nash and includes a visual analysis of the major works of these artists during and shortly after the War. It also looks at the British Pictoral Propaganda Department and Muirhead Bone and various government comissions from 'war artists'. It argues that the war effectively dissolved England's only true modern movement and that the war had dramatically different effects on Wyndham Lewis, Nevinson, and Nash.

From the Paper
"Nevinson was the first of the artists to go into war, as well as the first to exhibit work inspired by his experiences on the Front. His one-man show at the Goupil Gallery in 1916 exhibited works from 1915-16 done in a Futurist/Cubist idiom. Works from this period include Bursting Shell, Explosion, French Troops Resting, La Mitrailleuse, Returning to the Trenches, Column on the March, and La Patrie. These are among his best wartime efforts, particularly the last two. La Patrie (1916) is a skillful composition, successful both in its form and expression. Nevinson portrays the palpable suffering of wounded victims in the dark interior of a Red Cross shelter, where the small amount of light that enters the barren space serves only to make visible the anguished faces and blood-soaked bandages in the foreground and large number of people in the background, and to spotlight the newly-arriving patient being carried in on a stretcher."

Tags:bone, futurism, muirhead, propaganda, vorticism