Abstract
The paper shows how examples of expert use of field artillery stretch back through American military history, and that of other nations. The paper reveals that field artillery was considered important enough for George Washington to worry about it during the hard January of 1777. This paper discusses the use of artillery in combat over past years, mentioning several past American wars; the Revolution through the Civil War.

From the Paper
"Examples of expert use of field artillery stretch back through American military history, and that of other nations. Field artillery was considered important enough for George Washington to worry about it during the hard January of 1777 (Lewis, 1777, para. 2). Field artillery was used by Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans to successful fight off the British attack. It was used expertly, far more expertly than the artillery the British used to support the attack, resulting in an overwhelming..."

Tags:artillery, war, combat

Abstract
This paper explains that the heavy influence of artillery in determining the outcome of Civil War battles continued the trend that began in the Napoleonic Wars. The author points out that the relative importance of cavalry and infantry declined when it was seen that they simply could not prevail on an open battlefield against well-directed and sustained artillery fire.

Abstract
This paper examines the development of the tank. The paper discusses the apparent short-sightedness of the United States military in terms of producing enough tanks to meet the challenges made by the Germans. The paper contends the development of the tank as field artillery had a profound impact on the conduct of war between 1776 and 1918.

From the Paper
"Six years after that crude Hotchkiss-build steam engine "tank," the British, not the Americans, recognized the need for, design, and built the first motorized armoured fighting vehicle, according to TheFreedictionary.com (TFD). In February 1915 the British set up the Landship Committee to look into designing a "massive troop transporter," and they established as requirements an armoured vehicle that would travel 4 MPH, climb a 5-foot high parapet, cross an 8-foot wide trench, and be armed with machine guns and cannons."

Tags:armoured, fighting, vehicle

Abstract
The Civil War was a time of great technological advancement in America; weapons, ships and artillery were vastly improved during the period. The paper examines the history, function and development of various guns, rifles, battleships and modes of transport and shows how they were used during the American Civil War.

From the Paper
"Invented by Dr. Richard Gattling, the Gattling gun was similar to the Williams, except it had six barrels, giving it the capability of wiping out an entire field of enemies with one sweep. The Gattling gun did not, however, overheat like the Williams did. Dr. Gattling was from North Carolina, so the Union War Department was hesitant to use the weapon, and did not field-test it until Petersburg, too late to have much of an effect on the war. The modern machine gun is modeled after the Gattling gun, and a modified form of the original is still in use today."

Tags:Colt, Army, Model, Harpers, Gattling, canon, locomotive

Abstract
The paper details the illicit weapons situation in Nigeria and the Nigerian response to this already large and growing problem. The paper considers past diplomatic solutions and proposals and provides suggestions for how to combat the problem in the future.

From the Paper
"As of 2007, it was estimated that approximately seven million pieces of light weaponry--revolvers, light machine guns, rifles, carbines, landmines, hand-grenades, and other weapons meant for use by one person--were traded illicitly in West Africa on an annual basis, and Nigeria has had an increasing share in this trade (Thachuk 2007). Wealth produced by increased findings of oil deposits and their exploitation has led to an increased ability to purchase weapons, as well as providing an incentive for doing so. Various militant groups, each with their own unique and often conflicting demands, have taken control of certain areas of the country, and other groups more on the periphery continue to buck for prominence and control. The overall effect of the weapons trade on Nigeria has been to create a state of near lawlessness, or at least of non-governmental martial rule, in many of the rural areas of the country."

Tags:oil, violence, militants

Abstract
An examination of the development of the British Army over a specific 100 year period. The paper shows how it developed differently from other European powers and examines how this would affect the creation of the British Empire. The purpose of this paper is to examine the British Army's development between 1700 and 1815 and illustrate this evolution into an Infantry dominated army. The main concerns of this paper are the development and changing roles of the Infantry and Cavalry wings of the army, and only passing references are made to the Artillery, Engineers and Logistical branches. Battles, campaigns, and technical advances in weaponry are also reviewed as they apply to the central thesis.

From the Paper
"One of the greatest military forces in the history of warfare was, and to and extent still remains, the British Army. The evidence to support this is the British Empire, in large part secured and defended against all by this military force. The Army that managed to assist in this matter of imperial policy was a very specialized army well suited for its role. It was an army that had its unique origins in the infancy of the development of the British Army. Prior to the period to be discussed in this paper, the years 1700-1815, the British Army was developing along the same lines and patterns, as it's continental counterparts. It was during this period, when the regular standing army as an institution was less than fifty years old that a slow evolution occurred. "

Tags:cunberland, duke, land, warfare, churchill, artillery, ordinance, cavalry, infantry

Abstract
This paper explains the cultural history, the development of brass instruments, the bands, the instrumentation of many bands and the composers for brass band music. This paper discusses that the development of brass instruments has been an ongoing process of interaction between cultures and the technological advancements of the instrumentation. The author feels that the various styles of brass music - blues, ragtime, minstrel tunes, the early Broadway melodies and the music of the brass bands - continue to gain in popularity.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Sound of Brass Music
The Early Influences
The "Dark Ages" and Horn Band Music
Enter Brass
Russian Horn Bands
The Precursors of Valved Instruments
Brass Comes Back
The Development of Valve Instruments
Military Brass Bands
Prussia
Calvary Jager
Cavalry Artillery Jaqer
Austrian Band Music
Brass Band Music in France
Brass Bands in England
Salvation Army
United States

From the Paper
"One of the unique aspects of a brass organization is that most of the instruments operate in exactly the same way and so there is scope for moving around from one instrument to another as a person's physique changes or as a way of achieving variety in one's musical satisfaction. There are three main types of instruments involved -- keyed, valved instruments (trumpets, cornets etc.), slide instruments, and percussion."

Tags:instumentation, america, england, army, organization

Abstract
Fundamental changes over the course of the long 16th century acknowledged such as: 1) Firearms. 2) Artillery. 3) New Fortifications. 4) Larger armies and new tactics. 5) Naval warfare. Also, the continuities which the Middle Ages brought out, and the concept of an Early Modern 'Military Revolution' discussed.

From the Paper
"Central to reaching a conclusion on the issue of the nature of military change within 16th century Europe is an understanding of when generally fast-paced developmental alterations can accurately be called "fundamental", or in other words, profoundly serious. There can be no doubting the changes: the rise of firearms as the main armament of the foot-soldier, the brief reign of the Pikeman as the king of the battlefield before his relegation to the annals of history, the increasing use of artillery and consequent developments made in the types of fortifications seen in Europe as the "Trace Italienne" ( literally meaning "the fashion of Italy") spread, the continued decrease in the importance of the heavily armored cavalryman, the larger number of men under arms and the new strategic methods introduced, and the crucially important changes seen in the waging of war at sea. "

Tags:armies, europe, firearms, fortifications, military, navies, revolution, warfare

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the third battle of the Aisne. It details this excellent demonstration of the strengths of the German army during World War I as well as demonstrates why these particular strengths were not sufficient to win the war. It describes this German offensive that began on May 27, 1918. The author believes that the German success in this battle came about as the result of the finely honed German infantry tactics combined with a furiously concentrated artillery bombardment, operating under a sky dominated by the 'Jagdgeschwader' of the VII German army. But he feels that in the end, this battle did not help the Germans win the war in any way, in fact, it actually backfired at them.

From the Paper
"The Third Battle of the Aisne is most certainly not one of the best known battles of World War I. Perhaps this is merely because of that oldest of all war adages, which is that the victors get to write the histories, and that in the aftermath of the war late German victories were brushed aside. Perhaps it is not that often cited simply because, while every battle in a war is important, this one was not a turning point. And yet the battle does deserve to be examined as an excellent demonstration of the strengths of the German army during the Great War as well as a demonstration of why, in the end, these particular strengths would not be sufficient to win the war."

Tags:Great, War, World, I, Aisne, River, Battle, Germans, French, Belgian, Canadian, American, Allies

Abstract
This paper discusses the Great War brought on and the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed. It also states the reasons why there were so many stalemates on the battlefield which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. It also looks at the targeting of a whole nation's means and resources towards fighting a total war. This paper concludes that the war was so destructive because of the advancement in industry and weaponry, such as artillery, machine guns and chemical warfare.

From the Paper
"In this paper I plan to put forward the following points to show how the Great War was so destructive. I will look at the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed during the war. The reasons why there were so many stalemates? on the battlefield, which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. I will also look at the targeting of a whole nations means and resources towards fighting a total war."

Tags:World, War, I, Great, nations, destruction, 1915, weapons, casualties