Abstract
In this article, the writer claims that properly administered, articulation agreements can provide students with the framework they need to ensure they receive credit for coursework accomplished at community colleges, while providing the receiving institutions with the reassurance they require to grant such credit. The writer notes however, that improperly performed, these agreements can actually do more harm than good. To determine how they are intended to operate in practice, this paper provides an overview of articulation agreements and their impact on community college enrollment in general, with an emphasis on North Carolina community colleges in particular. An analysis of the relevant literature is followed by a summary of research in the conclusion.

Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Constraints to Developing Effective Articulation Agreements.
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The role of the community college in the baccalaureate education process has traditionally been associated with the first two years of college; therefore, state policies and articulation agreements have focused on connecting a prescribed sequence of lower-division courses at the community college with upper-division courses at four-year institutions. In their traditional roles, community colleges provide a starting point to higher education; community college students earn at least 12 credit hours at the community college, then transfer to a four-year institution to complete a bachelor's degree. This role recognizes that a substantial percentage of American students will begin their higher education and complete a substantial number of credits at the community college; 12 credit hours has been established as the minimal equivalent of full-time enrollment for one semester, as a basis for classifying a student as a community college transfer ."

Tags:coursework, credit, student, graduation

Abstract
The paper asserts that the articulation of identity through the maternal line is a commonplace of women's literature today. The paper discusses how in the Caribbean context, however, this commonplace assumes radically different orientations as the establishment of identity through a maternal line involves not only issues of female identity and patriarchy, but also broader questions of post-colonial identity, resistance, and the conflation of multiple identities which is characteristic of syncretic Caribbean culture. As this paper argues, when Caribbean women writers conceptualize mothers in their works, they almost invariably draw in linkages to the multiple "motherlands" which are the multicultural heritage of Caribbean women. With reference to Cristina Garcia's "Dreaming in Cuban" and the poetry of Lorna Goodison, in "Guinea Woman: New & Selected Poems", the paper shows how this articulation of identity by Caribbean women writers is extraordinarily complex and often informed by alienation and ambivalence.

From the Paper
"The articulation of identity through the maternal line is, it may be argued, a commonplace of women's literature today. In the Caribbean context, however, this commonplace assumes radically different orientations as the establishment of identity through a maternal line involves not only issues of female identity and patriarchy, but also broader questions of post-colonial identity, resistance, and the conflation of multiple identities which is characteristic of syncretic Caribbean culture. As this paper will argue, when Caribbean women writers conceptualize mothers in their works, they almost invariably draw in..."

Tags:women, literature, resistance

Abstract
The paper looks at how Isabelle Barker, in "Disenchanted rights: The Persistence of Secularism and Geopolitical Inequalities in Articulations of Women's Human Rights," examines the complexities involved in the articulation of women's human rights within a global context of conflicting secular and non-secular ideologies. Opening with an examination of a United Nations conference in 2000, at which religious activists from a range of ideological perspectives played critical roles in shaping the agenda, she explores how secular and non-secular ideologies have functioned in the historical context, as well as today, in both fostering and restricting progress in women's rights. This paper critically explores Barker's arguments with respect to a number of other critical texts that address issues of women's rights and health within a global transnational context. The thesis is argued that while Barker's proposals with regard to the need for a "more robust use of intersectionality" (Barker n.d., p.8) are sound, the full implications of her arguments can only be understood within a much broader exploration of the discourse of rights in both western and non-Western/non-Christian contexts.

From the Paper
"Isabelle Barker, in "Disenchanted rights: The Persistence of Secularism and Geopolitical Inequalities in Articulations of Women's Human Rights," examines the complexities involved in the articulation of women's human rights within a global context of conflicting secular and non-secular ideologies. Opening with an examination of a United Nations conference in 2000, at which religious activists from a range of ideological perspectives played critical roles in shaping the agenda, she explores how secular and non-secular ideologies have functioned in the historical context, as well as today, in both..."

Tags:women, rights, culture

From the Paper
"This paper examines some of the most significant difficulties that French speakers encounter when they begin to learn English. While concentrating on syntactical and phonological problems, the study also explores some of the grammatical and articulative difficulties faced by French speakers as they begin their road to fluency in English. However, before proceeding to the particulars of learning English as a second language for Francophones, a few general notes are in order.
When a speaker of one language begins to learn to speak another language she or he encounters certain predictable problems. This is true regardless of the two languages at least in this one general respect: The aspects of the second language that are most different from the maternal language will be the most..."

Abstract
The following paper will look at Aquinas' contribution to the modern-day philosophy of law. As much as anything, Aquinas may be credited with bringing Aristotelian logic to the philosophical exploration of the law. Beyond that, Aristotle articulated - for medieval audiences - the notions of natural and divine law; while it may seem a small point, he really succeeded in bringing back into vogue the platonic notion that there were "ideal" forms - of which the law of God is surely one. Be that as it may (and it is rather confusing in many respects) Aquinas also brought into popularity the notion of positive law having a valence that was independent of whether or not it was under-girded by natural or divine law; in this regard, he may well have set the stage for the totalitarian excesses of the future (though that point should not be exaggerated or used to smear him). In any case, St. Thomas of Aquinas brought Aristotelian logic to the study of law and philosophy and may well have laid the foundation for modern legal positivism.

From the Paper
St. Thomas of Aquinas' Contribution to the Philosophy of Law The following paper will look at Aquinas' contribution to the modern-day philosophy of law. As much as anything, Aquinas may be credited with bringing Aristotelian logic to the philosophical exploration of the law. Beyond that, Aristotle articulated - for medieval audiences - the notions of natural and divine law; while it may seem a small point, he really succeeded in bringing back into vogue the platonic notion that there were "ideal" forms - of which the law of God is surely one. Be that as it may (and it is rather confusing in many respects) Aquinas also brought into popularity the notion of positive law having a valence that was

Tags:aquinas, philosophy, law

Abstract
The paper looks at methods of organizing material effectively and explains the use of an attention-getting opener, a well-organized and easy to follow speech body and a well thought-out conclusion. The paper also discusses the importance of clear articulation, good projection, variety and animation in presenting a speech.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Public Speaking Methods and Skills
Speaking at a Public Meeting-Tips
Public Speaking in the Media
The Attention-Getter
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Basic presentation skills are stated in the work of McNamara (2007) and stated as the first step is to "list and prioritize the top three goals that you want to accomplish with your audience." Secondly, it is important to "be really clear about who your audience is and why it is important for them to be in the meeting." (McNamara, 2007) Third, it is important to list all the major points of information that should be conveyed to the audience and then to ask oneself if all the points are likely to be understood by everyone in the audience. It is necessary to consider the tone that one desires to set for the presentation. Through defining the tone of the presentation one may enable the cultivation of that mood to those listening in the audience."

Tags:attention, articulation, animation, audience, introduction, body, conclusion

Abstract
This research examines degrees of difference among selected biblical sources within the Old and New Testaments. It shows that what must be appreciated at the outset about all biblical sources is that their impetus plainly comes from a serious moral purpose. Whatever distinguishes them from one another, they all share one feature: a moral agenda that is meant to affect the manner in which people lead their lives. It explains that this moral purpose comes down to an articulation of the role of God in human life, or a sense of the finitude of human existence and an acknowledgment of a power that exerts moral force on and lends meaning to human experience. The various ways in which this articulation emerges in the books of the Bible constitute their differences.

From the Paper
"Beginning with the text of Genesis, degrees of textual difference can be discerned. Consider the fact that, as Gochberg notes (545), Genesis contains two separate creation stories. The first story deals with the day-by-day creation of the physical universe, culminating in the creation of male and female mankind, which would have dominion over the earth (Gen. 1:27). The second story collapses the creation of the physical universe into the image of Eden, to be inhabited by man, out of whose rib woman is created, along with the concept of the conjoining of man and woman as sentient beings capable of a degree of creation on their own (Gen 2.22-25). What these two creation stories share is the lending of moral weight to the principle of the Creation, or the persistent impulse toward life. The tree-of-knowledge fall sights the limits of that impulse because it introduces knowledge of evil and contingency into human experience, at the same time asserting the permanent significance of God in human consciousness."

Tags:genesis, god, belief, bible, religion

Abstract
This paper examines the Islamic concept of Riba, and analyzes Marx's famous articulation of the premise that the working class is exploited by capitalist elites. All in all, the paper asserts, these concepts are similar insofar as each holds that the working class (the poor in general) is exploited by individuals above them in the socio-economic order eager to advance their own financial interests. The paper also looks at how Riba and the Marxist idea of exploitation are linked and also at how they appear to be different; a brief interlude will also be devoted to looking at how Islamic banks inspired by Islamic law and theology differ substantively and procedurally from western banks. Finally, a few final thoughts will be offered with regards to the merits of Islamic law and Marxism vis-a-vis their shared concern for less-fortunate individuals. In the end, the conclusion of this paper is that both schools of thought are exceptional at articulating the needs of poor and struggling persons - but that the Islamic school of thought appears to be the more prudent and practical.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the Islamic concept of Riba and at Marx's famous articulation of the premise that the working class is exploited by capitalist elites. All in all, both of these concepts are similar insofar as each holds that the working class (the poor in general) is exploited by individuals above them in the socio-economic order eager to advance their own financial interests. The next several pages will obviously look at how Riba and the Marxist idea of exploitation are linked and also at how they appear to be different; a brief interlude will also be devoted to looking at how Islamic banks inspired by Islamic law and theology differ ..."

Tags:Islamic, bank, law, poverty, theory

Abstract
This paper looks at the nursing philosophy of the Strong Memorial Hospital and sets forth the context in which the nursing organization's fundamental principles become relevant. It critiques a core aspect of the principles articulated in publicly available organization documents and discusses the extent to which those principles incorporate a specific theory of nursing. It evaluates the evidence of nursing-staff inputs into such principles and the evidence of how the articulation may reflect the reality of nursing practice, with a view toward evaluating the document's influence on nursing practice.

From the Paper
"This does not appear to mean that nursing is less important as a discipline than other health-care inputs at Rochester/Strong. It does, however, go to evidence that medical research is in both the foreground and the background of nursing praxis and nursing education there. Commitment to research is embedded as a first principle and a factor of uniqueness at Rochester/Strong, a point driven home again and again in its documentation. Further, where nursing practice per se is a feature of hands-on treatment and patient care, the evidence of the Rochester/Strong policy statements is very much that nursing practice is presumptively a part of--or perhaps more exactly collapsed into--the notion that patient care is a physician's responsibility (Healing Power, 1999). Where nursing is mentioned as a feature of health-care teams, other caregiving disciplines are also mentioned; social work is given particular prominence (Burn/Trauma Health Care Team, 1999)."

Tags:organization, documents, research, fundamental, principles

Abstract
This paper begins with an articulation of origins and developments of transformational leadership theory and while supporting the assertion that charisma is an important component of transformational leadership behaviour argues that it is not in itself a defining feature. The cascading effect of transformational leadership is explored in relation to contemporary research both within the U.S. and U.K. and is utilised to articulate the relationship between transactional and transformational behaviours within health care settings which constitute an optimum change profile. The nature of vision and charisma within the health care setting are critically evaluated along with the relationship between transformational leadership and key outcomes such as felt autonomy, job satisfaction, low staff turnover, service quality and the achievement of organisational (cultural) change.

Outline
Abstract
Transformational Leadership
Explanation of Transformational Leadership Behaviours
A Full Range Model of Transformational Leadership
Criticisms of Transformational Leadership Theory
Charismatic Leadership
Personal Identification
Social Identification
Internalisation
Self-Efficacy
Facilitating Conditions
Criticisms of Charismatic Leadership Theory
Summary

From the Paper
"Bass (1985, 1998) provides a more expanded and refined theory of transformational leadership which develops the work of Burns (1978) and House (1977), by giving far more attention to the behaviour and needs of followers than had previously been given. Bass (1985, 1998) argued that the principles of transformational leadership could be equally applied to situations where the outcomes were not positive than those where the opposite was true and describing transactional and transformational leadership as a singe continuum rather than mutually independent continua. Bass (1985, 1998) identifies the main characteristics of transformational leadership as; charisma idealised influence, intellectual stimulation and consideration of the emotional needs of each follower, (Hunt, 1996)."

Tags:innovation, integration, autonomy