Abstract
In this article, the writer claims that properly administered, articulation agreements can provide students with the framework they need to ensure they receive credit for coursework accomplished at community colleges, while providing the receiving institutions with the reassurance they require to grant such credit. The writer notes however, that improperly performed, these agreements can actually do more harm than good. To determine how they are intended to operate in practice, this paper provides an overview of articulation agreements and their impact on community college enrollment in general, with an emphasis on North Carolina community colleges in particular. An analysis of the relevant literature is followed by a summary of research in the conclusion.

Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Constraints to Developing Effective Articulation Agreements.
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The role of the community college in the baccalaureate education process has traditionally been associated with the first two years of college; therefore, state policies and articulation agreements have focused on connecting a prescribed sequence of lower-division courses at the community college with upper-division courses at four-year institutions. In their traditional roles, community colleges provide a starting point to higher education; community college students earn at least 12 credit hours at the community college, then transfer to a four-year institution to complete a bachelor's degree. This role recognizes that a substantial percentage of American students will begin their higher education and complete a substantial number of credits at the community college; 12 credit hours has been established as the minimal equivalent of full-time enrollment for one semester, as a basis for classifying a student as a community college transfer ."

Tags:coursework, credit, student, graduation

Abstract
The paper asserts that the articulation of identity through the maternal line is a commonplace of women's literature today. The paper discusses how in the Caribbean context, however, this commonplace assumes radically different orientations as the establishment of identity through a maternal line involves not only issues of female identity and patriarchy, but also broader questions of post-colonial identity, resistance, and the conflation of multiple identities which is characteristic of syncretic Caribbean culture. As this paper argues, when Caribbean women writers conceptualize mothers in their works, they almost invariably draw in linkages to the multiple "motherlands" which are the multicultural heritage of Caribbean women. With reference to Cristina Garcia's "Dreaming in Cuban" and the poetry of Lorna Goodison, in "Guinea Woman: New & Selected Poems", the paper shows how this articulation of identity by Caribbean women writers is extraordinarily complex and often informed by alienation and ambivalence.

From the Paper
"The articulation of identity through the maternal line is, it may be argued, a commonplace of women's literature today. In the Caribbean context, however, this commonplace assumes radically different orientations as the establishment of identity through a maternal line involves not only issues of female identity and patriarchy, but also broader questions of post-colonial identity, resistance, and the conflation of multiple identities which is characteristic of syncretic Caribbean culture. As this paper will argue, when Caribbean women writers conceptualize mothers in their works, they almost invariably draw in..."

Tags:women, literature, resistance

Abstract
The paper looks at how Isabelle Barker, in "Disenchanted rights: The Persistence of Secularism and Geopolitical Inequalities in Articulations of Women's Human Rights," examines the complexities involved in the articulation of women's human rights within a global context of conflicting secular and non-secular ideologies. Opening with an examination of a United Nations conference in 2000, at which religious activists from a range of ideological perspectives played critical roles in shaping the agenda, she explores how secular and non-secular ideologies have functioned in the historical context, as well as today, in both fostering and restricting progress in women's rights. This paper critically explores Barker's arguments with respect to a number of other critical texts that address issues of women's rights and health within a global transnational context. The thesis is argued that while Barker's proposals with regard to the need for a "more robust use of intersectionality" (Barker n.d., p.8) are sound, the full implications of her arguments can only be understood within a much broader exploration of the discourse of rights in both western and non-Western/non-Christian contexts.

From the Paper
"Isabelle Barker, in "Disenchanted rights: The Persistence of Secularism and Geopolitical Inequalities in Articulations of Women's Human Rights," examines the complexities involved in the articulation of women's human rights within a global context of conflicting secular and non-secular ideologies. Opening with an examination of a United Nations conference in 2000, at which religious activists from a range of ideological perspectives played critical roles in shaping the agenda, she explores how secular and non-secular ideologies have functioned in the historical context, as well as today, in both..."

Tags:women, rights, culture

Abstract
The following paper will look at Aquinas' contribution to the modern-day philosophy of law. As much as anything, Aquinas may be credited with bringing Aristotelian logic to the philosophical exploration of the law. Beyond that, Aristotle articulated - for medieval audiences - the notions of natural and divine law; while it may seem a small point, he really succeeded in bringing back into vogue the platonic notion that there were "ideal" forms - of which the law of God is surely one. Be that as it may (and it is rather confusing in many respects) Aquinas also brought into popularity the notion of positive law having a valence that was independent of whether or not it was under-girded by natural or divine law; in this regard, he may well have set the stage for the totalitarian excesses of the future (though that point should not be exaggerated or used to smear him). In any case, St. Thomas of Aquinas brought Aristotelian logic to the study of law and philosophy and may well have laid the foundation for modern legal positivism.

From the Paper
St. Thomas of Aquinas' Contribution to the Philosophy of Law The following paper will look at Aquinas' contribution to the modern-day philosophy of law. As much as anything, Aquinas may be credited with bringing Aristotelian logic to the philosophical exploration of the law. Beyond that, Aristotle articulated - for medieval audiences - the notions of natural and divine law; while it may seem a small point, he really succeeded in bringing back into vogue the platonic notion that there were "ideal" forms - of which the law of God is surely one. Be that as it may (and it is rather confusing in many respects) Aquinas also brought into popularity the notion of positive law having a valence that was

Tags:aquinas, philosophy, law

Abstract
This paper explores that the relative "representative-ness" of both Douglass and George Robert Twelve Hewes, of their respective eras, is based on how each man typifies his respective era, in (1) social station, (2) peer relationships and (3) ability to articulate, act upon and lead others to support his vision. This author points out that (1) Frederick Douglass' social station of a slave was typical of peers with whom he planned, spoke and interacted leading up to his own heroic activities, while Hewes' was not; (2) Douglass' relationships of influence leading up to his revolutionary activities were with peers, while Hewes' were with those richer and more privileged persons and (3)
Douglass articulated, acted upon and lead others to support his vision; while Hewes, though he acted on a shared vision of American independence, was not the originator of that vision, now did he publicly speak or write to influence others toward it. The paper concludes that Frederick Douglass more representative of his particular era than was George Robert Twelve Hewes of his era.

From the Paper
"Though Douglass was more typical of his era than not, there were also ways he was special, even in early childhood. In certain ways, he enjoyed treatment atypical of slaves of that period, perhaps (though not verifiably) because Aaron Anthony was indeed his father. For example, when he was nine years old, rather than being sent into the fields to begin life as a slave labored as soon as he was physically ready, like most male slave children that age, Frederick was instead sent to live, for reasons forever unknown to him, with Aaron Anthony's daughter and son-in-law, Sofia and Hugh Auld, in Baltimore. Sofia (who may have been his half-sister) taught Frederick to read and write (which was illegal) until her husband Hugh Auld discovered she was doing so, and insisted she stop since this "would forever unfit him to be a slave"

Tags:social-station, peers, articulate, lead, slave

Abstract
This paper begins with an articulation of origins and developments of transformational leadership theory and while supporting the assertion that charisma is an important component of transformational leadership behaviour argues that it is not in itself a defining feature. The cascading effect of transformational leadership is explored in relation to contemporary research both within the U.S. and U.K. and is utilised to articulate the relationship between transactional and transformational behaviours within health care settings which constitute an optimum change profile. The nature of vision and charisma within the health care setting are critically evaluated along with the relationship between transformational leadership and key outcomes such as felt autonomy, job satisfaction, low staff turnover, service quality and the achievement of organisational (cultural) change.

Outline
Abstract
Transformational Leadership
Explanation of Transformational Leadership Behaviours
A Full Range Model of Transformational Leadership
Criticisms of Transformational Leadership Theory
Charismatic Leadership
Personal Identification
Social Identification
Internalisation
Self-Efficacy
Facilitating Conditions
Criticisms of Charismatic Leadership Theory
Summary

From the Paper
"Bass (1985, 1998) provides a more expanded and refined theory of transformational leadership which develops the work of Burns (1978) and House (1977), by giving far more attention to the behaviour and needs of followers than had previously been given. Bass (1985, 1998) argued that the principles of transformational leadership could be equally applied to situations where the outcomes were not positive than those where the opposite was true and describing transactional and transformational leadership as a singe continuum rather than mutually independent continua. Bass (1985, 1998) identifies the main characteristics of transformational leadership as; charisma idealised influence, intellectual stimulation and consideration of the emotional needs of each follower, (Hunt, 1996)."

Tags:innovation, integration, autonomy

Abstract
This paper addresses many of the similarities and differences found within the gothic works of Toni Morrison, James Baldwin and Flannery O'Connor. It shows how the authors use there characters to articulate the true flaws of the nature of humanity and the resulting social structure. Morrison teaches her readers about the institution of slavery and its ramifications to all human kind, Baldwin instructs his readers on the conflict of dealing with one's personal identity and the question of division between black and white and Flannery illustrates how violence leads to change and ultimately the draw to the divine. By utilizing quotes from the characters in these stories, it provides an analysis of how religion, racism and reality intertwine to construct characters whose lives are built on love and loss.

From the Paper
"In the novel of James Baldwin, innocence is also spoiled and soiled by the history that haunts the characters in his short stories. John, in the story the "Rockpile" is unlike the Sethe character because he's not torn between death and life or reality and the supernatural; John is waging a war of a different kind. He's rebelling against his religious upbringings and his father, the deacon. He succeeds in escaping where Sethe can't, and leaves his home to go to play in the rockpile where he receives a nasty cut just above his eye. As if paying the price for his freedom, like Sethe, paying with the life of her child, blood is shed for the sake of the experience of liberation."

Tags:beloved, black, god, gothic, hatred, hazel, humanity, racism, segregation, sethe, southern, supernatural, white

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the theme of criminal justice in Spanish literature, particularly in regard to the treatment of women, with an emphasis on Fuente Ovejuna by Lope de Vega. The plan of the research will be to set forth the pattern of ideas that emerge in the action of the play and then to discuss how these ideas articulate an attitude toward the phenomenon and enactment of criminal justice and the social position and role of women in Spain, past and present.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the theme of criminal justice in Spanish literature, particularly in regard to the treatment of women, with an emphasis on Fuente Ovejuna by Lope de Vega. The plan of the research will be to set forth the pattern of ideas that emerge in the action of the play and then to discuss how these ideas articulate an attitude toward the phenomenon and enactment of criminal justice and the social position and role of women in Spain, past and present.
Based on fact, Fuente Ovejuna is set in fifteenth-century provincial Spain, at the moment of history (1476) when the Spanish monarchy was in the sixth year of consolidating its government institutions under Ferdinand of Castile and Isabella of Aragon. In the background of this project were several centuries of war among various feudal kingdoms of the Iberian ..."

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the contribution and effect that Oscar Wilde made to British society. In "The Importance of Being Ernest" a satirical view is taken on the Victorian society and expectations for men. It describes how the character leads a double life in order to live up to these expectations. Social commitments, the role of the female and other typical Victorian issues are examined in this paper.

From the paper:

"Before Oscar Wilde became famous for his writing, he was famous for his tongue. In the early years of his career, Wilde was best known as an articulate and witty social gadfly. He was the fashion-whore of polite British society. He insinuated himself calculatingly into the social life of ?the beautiful people.? H!is reputation was built around an elaborately outrageous fashion sense, a shocking wit and amusing repertoire of behaviors, and his blatant self-stylings as an art critic and aesthete. Through-out his social career, Wilde alternately flaunted and denied his homosexual tendencies. They were a part of his carefully groomed artistic image, an image from which he occasionally worked to distance himself. He did get married and father two sons, and when he was finally accused of sodomy, he fought the charges as libelous. Yet the reality of his sexual orientation, and its natural at-odds-with-society status, was never far from his work. Even his most hetero-centric works, such as the romantic satire The Importance of Being Ernest, are informed by the daily social strains of his barely closeted double life. The Importance of Being Ernest is, in fact, in many ways a prophetic, though optimistic, metaphor for Wilde?s life. He deals w!ith the hypocrisy and shallowness that ?modern? women and ?modern? social etiquette require from men. The story at once critiques the institution of marriage and the institution of ?polite society.? This play deals explicitly with the sacrifices and lies that must be committed in order to achieve acceptance in either marriage or society, and with the inevitable moment of truth when those lies are discovered."

Tags:suffrage, equality, vote, discrimination, economy, play, marriage, censorship, responsible, polite, sexual, satisfaction, Europe

Abstract
The following paper critically analyzes the concept of ?Melting Pot? which is a term that supposedly defines America as a land of the free and home to all cultures, races, and ancestries. The author makes reference to two journal articles which claim that ?Americanness? is an idea that has always been linked with ?Whiteness? and that ?whiteness? can not exist, without something against which to define itself - ?blackness?.


From the paper:

?But in the 1960s and '70s, a more inclusive ideology was suggested -- ?a stew? or ?mixed salad? term was beginning to emerge as the American label. This term recognized that immigrants to America might maintain their distinct cultures, languages and traditions, their ethnicity or ancestry, while at the same time recognizing their ?Americanness.? (Chideya, 1999) While this term equally recognizes the presence of many different cultures, in my opinion, it doesn?t quite articulate the mixture and combing and cultures as it is in America.?

Tags:cultures, races, and ancestries assimilation ideology white black individual development