Abstract The Deloro Mine is a now closed facility that during its operating period, contaminated ground water with high concentrations of arsenic. The arsenic now needs to be removed to prevent entry into drinking water supplied to consumers. The paper begins by outlining the most common methods of arsenic removal in use today. The author then discusses steps taken by mine owners to prevent further contamination from the disused mine and technologies put in place to remove the arsenic concentrations from the ground water. Finally, the author examines new technologies that now exist and that could facilitate more efficient and safe removal of contaminants before making his final recommendations.
Outline:
Arsenic Remediation Technologies
Oxidation
Coagulation/Co-Precipitation
Physical Removal Processes
Chemical Processes
Which Technology is currently being used to treat arsenic at the
Deloro Mines?
State of the Art in Arsenic Removal Technology
From the Paper "As one can see, there are a number of treatment options available for the removal of arsenic in groundwater. There is no single best solution that will result in maximum results at all sites. These technologies are often combined to meet the needs of each individual situation. Treatment at the Deloro Mine uses chemical coagulation followed by sedimentation to process the effluent that will eventually be dumped back into the Moira River.
"The amount of contamination at Deloro Mine is enormous. Cleanup efforts have only been marginally successful in reducing the amount of arsenic entering into individual homes. One must remember that although efforts are being taken now to clean up arsenic in the area, many private drinking wells have been contaminated for many years. The state of New Jersey faced a similar problem with widespread arsenic contamination. They resolved the issue by controlling arsenic at the point of entry into the house. They now require residential adsorption treatment system for every individual home."
Abstract This paper discusses the interaction between groundwater and seawater and thoroughly analyzes the condition of seawater intrusion in groundwater. It outlines the adverse effects of the seawater-groundwater interaction and proposes methods through which this situation can be solved. It also highlights various mathematical equations, which are used to reach analytical solutions. The trend of fresh water, seawater, and groundwater are discussed to scrutinize each water body behavior with respect to one another. The effects of seawater upon groundwater, contaminants, and soil are also judged. The paper also emphasizes some true-to-life examples of various countries that are facing these problems with their groundwater tables and taking appropriate measure ,such as implanting groundwater-replenishing systems in order to preserve their sources of water. Sources of contamination and their effects are also discussed in detail.
From the Paper "As ground waters are present almost every where, the interactions between ground waters and seawater rely greatly upon the physiographic and climatic milieu of the landscape. As a result of tidal fluctuation, ground waters and seawater are always in consistent communication with each other. This has given rise to various hydrological, engineering and environmental problems. "These include coastal aquifer parameter estimation, beach de-watering, marine retaining structures, and seawater intrusion fluctuations"."
Abstract The paper uses a qualitative review of existing literature concerning arsenic characteristics, regional and site specific geology and hydrogeology, and remediation methods, to explore the arseniccontamination of groundwater in Deloro Village, Madoc, Eastern Ontario, Canada. The paper also provides recommendations on more effective and efficient means of remediation for the site and similar contaminated areas.
Outline:
Background to the Research Project
Proposed Research
Importance of this Research
Proposed Methodology
Ethical Considerations
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Considerations
Revised Project Schedule
From the Paper "The Deloro Mine, in eastern Ontario, is a significant player whose activities has resulted in both surface and subsurface arsenic contamination of both soil and water, at the mine site, and off-site as well. Gold mining and smelting, with arsenic removal, was established in 1886, at Deloro. The health and safety of Deloro workers was compromised due to high levels of metal in their bodies, specifically lead and arsenic. Environmental problems were also an issue, including the air deposition of arsenic dust. This air deposition contamination was so detrimental that residents were unable to hang out their laundry during smelter operation, for years, because of the stack soot high in metals. In the 1960s, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) Water Resources Commission found water samples to be high in arsenic. "
Abstract The paper analyzes the issue of arsenic in drinking water and discusses different points of view regarding this problem. The paper also raises concerns regarding any contradicting research. The paper discusses limitations and developments and concludes that arsenic in the drinking water is an important concern that must be addressed in the near future, as is puts global health at risk.
Outline:
Introduction
Arsenic in Drinking Water as a Topic of Interest
Different Points of View & Conflicting Information
Research Limitations and Assumptions
New Developments
Personal Thoughts
From the Paper "In the past few years, the topic of health as it relates to environmental awareness has emerged as a significant concern for global leaders, government officials and the common family. Arsenic, a ubiquitous element found in the atmosphere, soils, rocks, natural waters and organisms, is one of the current leading environmental health issues. Most environmental arsenic problems are the result of mobilization under natural conditions, but man has contributed to the release of arsenic in the environment through mining activity, combustion of fossil fuels, herbicides, and the use of arsenic as an additive to livestock feed."
Abstract This paper examines the extent to which manure is a threat to groundwater supplies (which are a source of much of the nation's drinking water), looking at what farm practices lead to the current levels of pollution and how those methods might be changed so that the groundwater supply can be kept safe in the future.
From the Paper "This paper examines the extent to which manure is a threat to groundwater supplies which are a source of much of the nation's drinking water looking at what farm practices lead to the current levels of pollution and how those methods ..."
Abstract This paper details the characteristics that go together to make the perfect company manager. It focuses on the the manager of Arsenal Football Club (AFC) in England, Arsene Wenger, who has been uniquely successful in taking his club from zeroes to heroes by using a combination of both Western science and Eastern Zen and looks at his background from his education through to his financial success as the longest-serving manager in Arsenal's history and also the most successful in terms of trophies won.
From the Paper "Arsene Wenger was born in Strasbourg (France) near the border of Germany in 1949. His upbringing and education is therefore a mix of French artistic sensibility coupled with a strong German work ethic and attention to science. Wenger realizes the importance of a good formal education to being a good manager. He has a degree in engineering and a Master's degree in economics. He is a fluent speaker of French, German and English, as well as speaking some Japanese, Spanish and Italian. In the English Premier League, traditionally a blue collar domain, the urbane and educated Wenger stands out and has thus attained the nickname 'professor'. Although his degrees and languages may not seem to have any immediate connection with his success as a soccer coach, the success of Wenger as we'll see is very much down to his holistic outlook on performance and how being a rounded, high-performing manager is critical to this."
Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the scavenging of atmospheric organic contaminants from precipitation, specifically snow and rain. The paper also determined and quantified, from scavenging, the amount of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in snow and rain. Snow scavenging of organic contaminants was being studied because little is known about this phenomenon and a large amount of precipitation, which occurs in North America, occurs in the form of snow. By studying the various precipitation the researchers were able to observe snow scavenging, the gas scavenging abilities of rain and the particle scavenging abilities of both rain and snow.
Abstract This paper evaluates remediation technologies for arseniccontamination at the Deloro mine in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It first discusses a background of the site and contamination in the area. The paper then looks at the geology and hydrogeology of the site and the scope of the remediation project. Next, the paper focuses on the properties and health effects of arseniccontamination.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Site
Background
Scope of the Project
Geology of the Deloro Site
Hydrogeology of the Deloro Site
Motivation for the Thesis
Arsenic Chemistry
Health Effects
Sources
Motility In Groundwater
From the Paper "Arsenic is highly mobile in groundwater, largely due to oxidation processes. Aside from ease in traveling in slow moving streams. It is highly reactive and when settled in sediments can be re-released into the water column by chemical or physical activity. Arsenic released into surface water through the break down of arsenopyrite can result in higher concentrations in ground water. Groundwater with higher flow rates is especially prone to highly mobile forms of arsenics. Organic forms of arsenic can release highly mobile elemental arsenic into the water by means of oxidation and reduction reactions."
Abstract The paper discusses the arsenic poisoning in the tiny eastern Ontario village of Deloro and how the environment ministry was aware of this for more than a decade before it decided to take action. The paper reviews the literature on the poisoning of Deloro and on arseniccontamination in general.
Outline:
Introduction
The Poisoning of Deloro
ArsenicContamination and Poisoning
Conclusion
From the Paper "The provincial government had known for more than a decade that the people of Deloro had been breathing arsenic-laden air and living with arsenic-poisoned soil, according to McAndrew in his 1999 article. However, on June 10th, 1999 the approximately 175 residents learned the truth, during a community meeting organized by the ministry to inform the residents about the cleanup efforts that would be conducted at the abandoned Deloro gold mine and smelter."
Abstract This paper discusses the various issues surrounding the shrinking supply of groundwater (such as groundwater mining) and how we can deal with those issues to protect this vital resource.
Abstract This paper discusses the transformation of water that takes place through a continuation process referred to as a hydrological cycle, which derives its momentum from solar energy and gravity. The paper analyzes the various methods for maintaining an adequate water level. The paper contends that a comprehensive examination, analysis, and determination of the hydrologic and geological characteristics of a selected location are essential for the productive management of the water resource.
Outline
The Occurrence of Ground Water
Properties and Classification of Water-Bearing Formations
Darcy's Law
Measures of Water Quantity
Utilization of Groundwater Permeability
Water Level Measurements
From the Paper "The groundwater is observed to rest on the empty spaces of the natural elements such as soils, unconsolidated settlings and rocks. Envisaging the level of underwater is quite a hard task. It is considered by some that the groundwater is reserved in the subversive lakes and flows in subversive rivers. The groundwater is the underlying water beneath the ground that is fully soaked through the small outlets of soils and rocks. The groundwater is refilled primarily by the downpour and determined totally by the local environment and geology, which causes its disproportionate distribution in both quantity and quality."
Abstract The paper examines "Arsenic and Old Lace" as not just a comedy but a farce, even though the central topic is murder. The paper discusses how even though most of the characters are involved in murdering people or burying them, there is only one true villain. All the characters are likable and are accepted with their own explanations of what they do, except for Jonathan. The paper illustrates how this distinction is achieved through character portrayal, physical appearance, references to other horror films and techniques such as music.
Abstract The paper reviews the work "A Civil Action" by Jonathan Harr as a basis for exploring violation of E.P.A. regarding water contamination. It uses the incident of water contamination that took place at Woburn, Massachusetts in the 1960s and 70s as one that serves as a lesson in the prevention of water contamination. It lists the deficiencies responsible for the contamination, such as the lack of laboratory checks, lack of inspections of the land and water, lack of compliance evaluation and inhibited civil action.
From the Paper ""A Civil Action? by Jonathan Harr is a book that brings awareness to communities that might be unaware of the EPA standards against water contamination, and the neglect of concerned authorities allowing industries to carry out their illegal dumping of chemicals in certain areas. The incident of water contamination that took place at Woburn, Massachusetts is one that serves as a lesson in history that should not be repeated. This case of water contamination was believed to be responsible for claiming many lives through leukemia because of a chemical substance (Trichloroethylene) present in the water."
Abstract This paper focuses on the damage caused to young children by lead contamination. The paper looks at where and how lead contamination most commonly occurs, which groups are the most vulnerable, and the physiological damage caused by lead poisoning. The paper also outlines what can be done, and, in particular, what parents can do to prevent lead contamination, and the actions government must take to help protect children from lead poisoning.
From the Paper "Lead is a serious environmental contaminant that puts our most vulnerable citizens -- small children -- at risk. Fortunately it is preventable if parents are diligent about managing potential risks. Lead contamination can also occur in workplaces, but children experience more damage from lead ingestion than adults do. At work led may be in the air or dust. Children sometimes eat paint chips from lead-based paint because the lead makes them taste sweet. They can also breathe dust or get it on their hands and then into their mouths if the soil is contaminated. Lead poisoning can damage the kidneys, the nervous system and even reproductive systems (ATSDR). The EPA, in charge of cleaning up environmentally contaminated sites, reports that over 1,000 of their approximately 1,500 targeted sites have lead as one of the contaminants (ATSDR). In children, some effects of lead poisoning may be permanent, making it vitally important that they be protected."
Abstract This paper discusses the hazardous effects of inadequate methods of solid waste disposal on the environment. The paper emphasizes the urgency of the need to deal with this issue, and describes fecal contamination as the major culprit. The writer illustrates how the lack of modern sanitation facilities and adequate health care in certain areas, are the main cause of fecal contamination.
From the Paper "Fecal waste may contain an undetermined number of bacteria, viruses, and parasites capable of causing disease in humans and animals. Studies have focused on numbers of indicator bacteria (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci) or enteroviruses in feces and leachates, but have not estimated the total pathogen load or identified the major sources of these pathogens. This may be due to lack of detection methods for many of the pathogens in solid waste or leachate as well as potentially low numbers of viable but non-culturable organisms. Fecal waste is a breeding ground for diseases and even the smallest of contaminations can cause a great deal of problems."
Tags: bacteria, virus, parasites, garbage, recycling, health, hazard, water
