Abstract This paper examines how Ovid's "Ars Amatoria", or "Art of Love", is a long poem that celebrates the ancient world's concept of the good life through the full liberation of the senses. In particular, it looks at how the poem frequently alludes to the sexual act and gives no indication that such acts carry a connotation of "evil". It discusses how Ovid uses the structure of mythology in order to give an air of authority and validity to what would otherwise seem a simple pornographic poem.
From the Paper "Dionysus was said to have a following of women known as the Maenads (mad ones), who wore fawn-skins and a thyrsus (ivy-crowned branch). Ovid refers to this as "Bacchanalian fury" (Internet source). Later, another ritual developed where the wives of farmers would venture forth into the woods every two years "where they danced by the light of sacred torches. Many bore snakes twined about them or fixed in their hair, while others passed jugs of wine and played upon the flute or tambourine. ... Finally, at the height of their frenzy, the Maenads (as they called themselves) converged upon a calf or kid, tearing it apart bare-handed and devouring the raw flesh. It was whispered that in days gone by the victims had been human. Many saw visions of Dionysus or fell to the ground, babbling his name. As well they might, for as early as the Iliad, Dionysus is described as the mainomenos (mad or crazed) god, while the root of Maenad also gives us the word 'maniac'" (Luyster 43)."
Examines the rise of this form of vocal music in the 14th Century, in works of Guillaume de Machaut and John Dunstable and related to Ars Antiqua and Ars Nova eras.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, 1999, $ 47.95
Abstract This paper discusses the rise of the isorhythmic motet in the fourteenth century, as exemplified in the works of Guillaume de Machaut and John Dunstable. It will also consider the relationship of this motet form to the shift from the Ars Antiqua to the Ars Nova in the fourteenth century.
From the Paper "This paper discusses the rise of the isorhythmic motet in the fourteenth century, as exemplified in the works of Guillaume de Machaut and John Dunstable. It will also consider the relationship of this motet form to the shift from the Ars Antiqua to the Ars Nova in the fourteenth century.
The motet was the most important form of vocal music during the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance. It was polyphonic and usually for three voices, although many examples of two- and four-part motets are known (Hughes, 353). Used in both court and church, it also penetrated into the sphere of popular music.
The thirteenth-century motet still bore, to modern ears, a great resemblance to Gregorian chant. Even though the motets are polyphonic and the Gregorian chant monophonic, most motets of the Ars Antiqua move with such solemnity and present such a bland ...."
Compares the covered-uncovered interest rate parity of the U.S. dollar and the Swiss franc including the programming routines, algorithms and applications in MATLAB, RATS and EVIEWS.
Abstract This paper examines the covered and uncovered interest parity between U.S. dollar and Swiss franc by first using simple summary statistics for the spot and forward rates as the mean, kurtosis, skewness and standard deviation. The paper then presents the covered interest and uncovered parity hypothesis and applies tests to examine its validation, as deviations from covered interest parity, regression analysis, threshold autoregression and exponential transition autoregression. Based on this extensive research, the paper rejects these covered and uncovered interest parity hypotheses.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Data
Summary Statistics
Random Walk
Unit Root and Stationary Tests
Covered Interest Rate Parity
Linear Tests
Non Linear Tests 1
Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) Models
Smoothing Transition Autoregressive (STAR) Models
Uncovered Interest Rate Parity
Vector Error-Equilibrium Correction Model (VECM)
Impulse Responses
Threshold Vector Error Correction Model
Dynamic OLS (DOLS)
Conclusions
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for TSAY Test of TAR Nonlinearities in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-TAR Estimation in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Test for Linearity against ESTAR and LSTAR and Secification Test between ESTAR and LSTAR selection in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-LSTAR-GARCH(1,1) Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-LSTAR-OLS Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-ESTAR-OLS Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: A Different Procedure Routinefor AR(1)-ESTAR-OLS Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: MATLAB Routines for Grid Search and STAR Estimation
Instructions
MATLAB Routine for Grid Search on STAR Models
MATLAB Routine for STAR Models Estimation with Various Methods
From the Paper "Descriptive statistics for the spot and three-monthly and six-monthly forward exchange rates returns are reported in table 1. We observe that in all cases negative mean returns are observed, but one might say that are very close to zero. Also in both three rates returns negative skewness is presented, but kurtosis is very close to three, as is defined by the normal distribution. Based on the Jarque-Bera statistics the hypothesis of normality for spot and forward exchange rates is not rejected."
Presents a detailed case study of the US Dollar and the Swedish Kronor to evaluate the purchase power parity (PPP) hypothesis including programming routines and algorithms examples in MATLAB, RATS and EVIEWS .
Abstract This paper explains that the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis, which states that national price levels should be equal when expressed in a common currency, is one of the earliest and simplest models for exchange rate determination. The author compares the power purchasing parity between the US dollar and the Swedish Kronor using a variety of econometric approaches, which are describes in detail including formulas. The paper concludes that the PPP hypothesis holds in all nonlinear and cointegration estimations, but it does not hold in OLS and GARCH estimations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Data
Summary Statistics
Unit Root and Stationary Tests
Power Purchasing Parity Tests
Linear Tests
Cointegration Tests
Panel Unit Root Tests
Long span Tests
Non-Linear Tests
Threshold Autoregressive Model (TAR)
Smoothing Transition Autoregressive Models (STAR)
Markov Two-Regime Switching Model
Conclusions
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for TSAY Test of TAR Nonlinearities in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-TAR Estimation in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Test for Linearity against ESTAR and LSTAR and Secification test between ESTAR and LSTAR Selection in winRATS 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-LSTAR-GARCH(1,1) Estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: Program Procedure Routine for AR(1)-LSTAR-OLS estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: A Different Procedure Routine for AR(1)-ESTAR-OLS estimation in Eviews 6.0
Appendix: MATLAB Routines for Grid Search and STAR Estimation
Instructions
Appendix: MATLAB Routine for Grid Search on STAR Models
Appendix: MATLAB Routine for STAR Models Estimation with Various Methods
From the Paper "We observe that only returns of real and spot exchange rates are stationary in their levels, so they are I(0). All the other variables are I(1) and stationary in the first differences, except consumer price index of Sweden according to both tests, and producer price index of U.S.A. based on KPSS tests , while according to ADF test is I(1). Generally we reject the null hypothesis of stationarity, as the real exchange rates based on CPI and PPI are I(1), which means that the long-run PPP hypothesis doesn't hold for this set of currencies."
Abstract This paper is about the effectiveness of the Accelerated Reader program (AR). The three fundamental components of AR are discussed. The paper presents the findings of research studies and criticisms by educators and parents regarding the effectiveness of AR.
From the Paper "Developed by Renaissance Learning the Accelerated Reader AR program has become widely used in schools as a literacy tool for encouraging students to read more and increasing their reading comprehension. AR consists of three fundamental components ..."
Abstract This paper offers a character analysis of Creon in the play Oedipus the King, with an emphasis on human nature. One aspect of human nature that is explored is what Aristotle referred to as the art of rhetoric. The paper's main focus is Creon's use of the art of persuasion. The paper uses Aristotle's "Rhetoric" as the basis for the analysis, and as a secondary source.
From the Paper ?Sometimes persuasion is only glorified manipulation, and other times persuasion is truly the heartfelt sentiment of the speaker. Either way, in the eyes of the Greek philosophers persuasion is form of art. While Creon defends himself from the accusations of Oedipus he taints his words with succulent messages of pathos, logos and ethos... When comparing Creon's speech to Aristotle's guidelines for successful rhetoric we can see that Creon speaks in a manor that renders him "worthy of confidence" (17)."
Abstract This paper portrays the works of two poets whose subject matter and deliverance are comparable. The writer discusses their style of writing poetry to emphasise the differences between them and their understanding and belief of the art of poetry.
From the Paper "Terence immediately lapses into reasons why poetry can never be a substitute for beer: ?There's brisker pipes than poetry.? Why, if it's false happiness the reader wants, then by all means the reader should get drunk. "Malt does more than Milton can/To justify God's ways to man" refers to Milton's Paradise Lost and typifies Houseman's argument. The poet describes the breweries in England, wondering why anyone would prefer poetry to beer for curing malaise, especially those ?fellows whom it hurts to think.? Ale is the drink of choice for anyone who wishes to see the world through rose-colored glasses. When drunk, the ?world seemed none so bad,? declares Terence; but ?the tale was all a lie; the world, it was the old world yet.? "
Abstract There are many techniques for dating within the field of archaeology, one of these methods is the The K-Ar (Potassium-Argon) method which has been a vast success within the field of geology. This paper examines how it works and what methods are used to glean the date from archaeological artifacts and remains.
From the Paper "It is possible to date rocks with a low potassium content such as basalts in this way. Sadly the dates are not always secure due to the behaviour of the geochemicals of the parent and daughter elements as they are likely to being disturbed by geological events such as weathering or reheating that normally take place during the formation of a rock. Potassium argon dating allows scientists to date volcanic rocks between two billion and 100,000 years old."
Abstract In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23.
From the Paper "Causes of Violence in Schools
In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23. His parents were found dead at home. In Pearl, MS, a 16-year-old killed his mother with a butcher knife and then headed off to school where he shot and killed his ex-girlfriend and another female student. In Paducah, KY, a 14-year-old opened fire on his school prayer group, killing three female students and wounding five others.
This spate of killings has struck horror in the hearts of ..."
From the Paper "This study will provide a summary and critical review of Deborah Gray White's Ar'n't I A Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South.
White in this book is trying to bring into the public consciousness the suffering endured by female slaves in the slavery-dependent South. She says that most studies of slavery focus, either deliberately or subliminally, on the male slave. And those "few scholars who study black women fail to note that black women suffer a double oppression: that shared by all African-Americans and that shared by most women" (23). With respect to slavery specifically, White says many scholars conclude that female slaves were better treated than male slaves. In fact most black women of the time plowed, planted, and hoed, did.."
From the Paper "Archibald MacLeish's poem "Ars Poetical' is an ironic work because it makes declarations about poetry and what poetry "should be," but it contradicts those declarations at the very moment it makes them. For example, we read that
A poem should be wordless
As the flight of birds (7-8).
But, of course, these lines are made of the very words of which the poet says a poem should be free. What MacLeish is saying in this and other declarations of irony and apparent contradiction is that a poem, if it is successful, appeals to a part of the reader that transcends rational, analytical thinking which seeks a linear "meaning" from life, experience and poetry. The true "meaning" of a poem, then, according to MacLeish, is more like a mystery unsolved than an object defined. The object..."
Abstract This paper explores the way Jewish law views cruelty to animals, the environment, and the obligation to take care of one's health. The paper concludes that because Jewish Law has strong views about all these issues, the ideal diet is a vegetarian diet. The paper analyzes everything from Jewish dietary laws (kashrut) to factory farming.
I. Introduction
II. Tza'ar Ba'aley Chayim and Positive Acts of Kindness
A. Halacha Concerning Cruelty to Animals
B. Throughout Jewish Texts, it is Clear That Kindness to Animals is Highly Desirable
C. So Why Are Jews Allowed To Eat Meat?
D. Meat Eating Today
III. Halacha and the Environment
A. The World and All In It Belongs To G-d and Man Is Responsible For Preserving It All
B. Animals Are Important to G-d
C. Bal Tashchit - The Prohibition on Wanton Destruction
D. Environmental Effects of Producing So Much Meat
IV. Halacha and Health
A. The Importance of Maintaining Health in Halacha
B. Health and Vegetarianism
V. The Misunderstanding of the Importance of Meat in Judaism
VI. Rabbis And Vegetarianism
VII. Conclusions
From the Paper "A feature of halacha (Jewish law) that is often neglected is that Jews are obligated to treat animals with kindness. This aspect gets lost amidst the multitude of complicated sacrificial laws and the laws of kashrut (Jewish dietary law). Perhaps the American approach to eating plenty of meat several times a week without giving any thought to the source of all that delicious food has rubbed off on Jews, making them forget that G-d treasures the lives of all animals and explicitly commanded that man not cause animals unnecessary harm. This paper will draw from different sources in the Jewish tradition to demonstrate that given the state of meat production and consumption today, eating meat may actually violate several Jewish laws and principal. Although halacha allow Jews to eat meat, as long as all the laws and limitations are properly met, halacha prefers that Jews followed a vegetarian diet."
An in-depth paper which calls on the Jewish religion to stop focusing on animal rights and to start focusing on human duties and obligations towards animals.
Abstract This paper explores an alternative to fighting for animal rights, and instead advocates for a system of human duties and obligations based on Jewish Law. The paper analyzes the way Jewish law views cruelty to animals, the environment, and the obligation to take care of one's health. Jewish Law lays out a system of positive obligations that Man has towards animals, the environment, and his own health.
I. Introduction
II. Jewish Law and the Environment
A. The World and All in It Belongs To G-d and Man Is Responsible For Preserving It All
B. Animals Are Important to G-d
C. Bal Tashchit - The Prohibition on Wanton Destruction
D. Environmental Effects of Producing So Much Meat
III. Animals in Jewish Law
A. Animals as Property
B. Tza'ar Ba'aley Chayim and Positive Acts of Kindness
IV. Jewish Law and Health
A. The Importance of Maintaining Health in Jewish Law
B. Health and Vegetarianism
V. The Misunderstanding of the Importance Of Meat In Judaism
VI. Rabbis and Vegetarianism
VII. A Modern System of Duties and Obligations
A. Eating Meat and Dairy Products
B. Hunting, Trapping, and Furs
C. Animals in Entertainment
D. Animal Experimentation
E. Wildlife Conservation
VIII. Conclusion
From the Paper "We often talk about protecting animals and giving them their rights. Animal rights' activists argue about which rights are due to animals and which rights to animals are due to human beings. I argue that this dialogue is unhelpful to animals, just as it is unhelpful to human beings. Rather than argue about rights, I contend that we should construct a system of duties and obligations under which human beings will have varied responsibilities towards animals. Such a system already exists under Jewish law, a system devoid of human rights and animal rights, but rich with human responsibility and obligations towards mankind, animals, and the environment."
Abstract The paper looks ar Sylvia Plath's poem "Metaphors". This is an example of Plath's tightly controlled, allusive verse. The speaker in the poem states that she is a riddle; as the nine nine-syllable lines unfold with their nine metaphors, it becomes clear that the answer to the riddle is pregnancy. The speaker moves from the obvious negatives (the fatness and ungainliness) to the positives (fruitfulness) and on to the deeper-lying negatives (loss of control and loss of identity).
From the Paper "The poem "Metaphors" poses a riddle: it invites the reader to discover the situation of the poet through information disclosed in a series of metaphors. The metaphors, which equate the speaker with various disparate objects, do not, like similes, make a comparison with words such as "like" or "as". Rather they say that the poet "is" the unusual object mentioned. It is only but seeking the common thread in the objects cited that the reader can solve the riddle. Throughout the course of the poem, the poet calls herself "a riddle" (line 1), "an elephant" (line 2), "a...house" (line 2), "a melon" (line 3), a "loaf" (line 5), a "purse" (line 6), "a means" (line 7), "a stage" (line 7), and "a cow in calf" (line 7). A riddle is a construction within which a meaning is hidden."
Abstract The paper examines "A'rn't I a Woman?" by Deborah Gray White, which focuses on the roles of females in the pre-Civil War American society.
The paper discusses White's belief that female slaves endured not only racism but sexism and how stereotypes of both black women and white mistresses were totally unfair and untrue. The paper looks at how White explains the black female slaves' cultural survival. The paper concludes that the metaphorical question, "Ar'n't I a Woman?" is answered by the historical record of courage, resistance, survival and female heroism that comprised the experience of black African-American women during this period.
From the Paper "The historians of slavery of an earlier generation, as exemplified by Ulrich B. Phillips, painted a somewhat romanticized picture of slave life on the plantations that would be considered distorted and oversimplified by modern historical standards. This was in keeping with the ideology of "sectional healing" after the Civil War, in which whites in the North and South reunified under the infamous Tilden Hays Deal of 1877. That pact essentially sealed the fate of the political and economic reforms attempted under Reconstruction, completed the evacuation of the progressive Union Army from the South, and allowed white supremacy to return for many subsequent decades, until it was successfully challenged in the 1950s and 1960s by the modern Civil Rights Movement. Phillips distorted picture of the Old South featuring blissful student slaves on the plantation-as-school was challenged historians of the 1950s such as Kenneth Stampp and Stanley Elkins."
