Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine, compare and contrast the arranged marriage practices in two specific cultures: a rural Sri Lankan village and metropolitan Japan. The subsequent discussion not only reveals some of the basic practices in arranged marriages in each culture, but also suggests conclusions about the basic commonalities in such practices and how development has had an effect on the practice.
From the Paper "Of all of the anthropological concepts routinely studied in ethnographic analyses, marriage is probably one of the most ubiquitous. All human societies demonstrate some form of marriage even though anthropologists cannot necessarily agree upon how marriage should be defined in a universal fashion. Nonetheless, marriage is an important part of every human society because it helps dictate kinship organization and determines individual roles within the community. Understanding the ways in which cultures treat marriage can be extremely important in understanding the most basic operations of that culture."
Abstract This paper discusses how flexibility of seating arrangements in the classroom can promote learning and positive behavior, and reduce incidents of behavioral problems in emotionally disturbed students. It looks at the need for accommodations to be tailored to each student's specific needs for this student segment.
From the Paper "Whether emotionally disturbed children are educated in special schools or are integrated into normal school populations as the law now provides for, they often require certain adaptations of the normal classroom setting and procedures to function maximally ..."
This paper discusses the many advantages and disadvantages of being involved in an arranged marriage. There is also an interview with a young woman from Bangladesh who will be in an arranged marriage after she returns to her country upon graduating colle
1,789 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 0 sources, 1999, $ 57.95
Abstract This paper discusses the many advantages and disadvantages that individuals experience in arranged marriages. The paper shows that women's rights are violated in many instances of arranged marriages and very rarely is love a part of initial considerations. However, the paper also shows that there are instances where arranged marriages have worked. An interview with a young woman from Bangladesh gives the reader a first hand account and perspective of the benefits and disadvantages that the young individual must face upon entering the arranged marriage.
From the Paper "If the girl meets all of the man's expectations then the marriage is set up. During this process the young woman's wishes are not regarded. The man has the right to decide whether he and the potential bride will get married. The woman's rights have already started to diminish. If the young lady is chosen to be a bride, then she must ?conform to the man's pattern of living.?
Abstract This paper examines how arranged marriages have been greatly successful and continue to be the gateway to wedlock for almost all the communities in India. It attempts to understand why arranged marriages have been more stable in India and other Asian countries than love marriages in the Western world, together with the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to marriage. It shows how there is a cultural influence that is closely linked with the practice of arranged marriages and discusses this traditional approach.
Outline
Introduction
Arranged Marriage (What It Is)
Indian Marriage
The Engagement
The Bridal Makeup
Henna the Traditional Decoration
Arranged Marriages in Japan
Marriages Statistics and Misconceptions
Conclusion
From the Paper "Indian tradition is amongst the oldest and still vibrant systems in the world. In spite of the impact of foreign rule and the consequent culture influx it still stands out as a strong nation resonating with a unique cultural heritage. Arranged marriages have been a part of Indian system for a very long time and it is dated to be there since the very birth of the institute of marriage. The first step in the marriage process is the Horoscope. Indians pay much attention to horoscopes. After preparing a detailed horoscope the parents exchange it with prospective boys and girls. The services of the horoscope matching centers are also utilized. Once the horoscopes are compared for their compatibility the parents initiate the next step, that is they arrange a meeting to see the girl."
Abstract This paper discusses the social custom and institution of arranged marriages, that makes up a large part of the history of marriage and society. The paper contends that the custom has been criticized and often condemned in the contemporary western world. Many people see arranged marriages as unethical and as a deprivation of human rights and of the right to a free choice of life partner. The paper claims that surprisingly, this view is sometimes contradicted by modern youths from cultures that have traditionally approved of arranged marriages. The paper presents the views of the proponents and opponents to this tradition.
From the Paper "Arranged marriages still take place throughout the world. There have however also been many changes to these traditions in contemporary society. Many of today's arranged marriages occur in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka where they are still generally accepted. Japan is another country where arranged marriages are prevalent with more than 30 percent of the marriages arranged by family or other societal authorities. There are also different types of arranged marriage. In Japan there are two types of marriage - known as the love marriage and the arranged marriage. While there are still arranged marriages in Japan, the majority of marriages are love marriages, similar to the Western marriages (Arranged Marriage) "
Abstract This paper examines the viable options for personal retirement saving: Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) and the Roth-IRA. The paper describes the tax benefits of the funds and the annual contribution limits. It provides complex information on stock option plans and stock ownership plans. The paper is packed with statistics and charts on the financial benefits for these plans.
Table of Contents
1. Individual Retirement Arrangement (IRA) and Roth-IRA
2. Traditional and Roth IRA
3. Annual Contribution Limits
4. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) and 401(k) Plan
5. Incentive Stock Option Plan
6. References
From the Paper "Generally called an Individual Retirement Account is a personal retirement savings plan that is available to anyone during the year who receives taxable compensation. For contribution purposes of IRA, compensation includes salaries, alimony, fees, wages, bonuses, commissions, tips, taxable and separate maintenance payments (Quinn. 1998)."
Abstract The paper introduces the famous names in musical arrangement history. It provides a brief look at the musician's childhood and then mentions important milestones and works in his career. Several arrangers mentioned are Claus Ogerman ("Fiddler on the Roof"), Duke Ellington ("Crescendo in Blue") and Quincy Jones (Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and "The Color Purple").
From the Paper "Quincy Jones is one of the most famous arrangers in the world. He is also a producer, conductor, instrumentalist and record company executive. His credits include the production of Michael Jackson's Thriller album, which has sold more copies than any other album in the history of music. Quincy Jones is also famous for his ability to work with artists from a myriad of musical genres. Jones has worked with a range of artist from Count Bassie to Queen Latifah. Among his most notable accomplishments was his co-production of the film The Color Purple which was granted 11 academy awards."
A study using a research design to identify differences in the perceptions and experiences of survivors who make final arrangements at the death of a friend or relative.
Abstract The purpose of this study is to obtain insight into the attitudes of individuals who have had to make final arrangements for a deceased friend or relative and to compare their experiences and perceptions to those identified in the literature. The paper employs a quasi-experimental research design using a sample of 50 survivors identified via newspaper obituaries published 6 to 24 months prior to the study to test two research hypotheses. A full literature review of the subject is also included.
From the Paper "Many individuals attempt to avoid both the high costs of funerals and the emotional trauma of providing for final arrangements by participating in any one of a number of "pre-payment" or "pre-planning" programs offered by funeral directors and cemeterians. Pre-payment plans vary, but most include full payment for selected services and amenities (How to cut..., 1995). Payments can be made in installments, with the details of the final arrangements spelled out in contractual form. While pre-paying can eliminate some of the trauma associated with making final arrangements, there is growing evidence that pre-payment plans are not the ultimate safeguard against funeral home gouging that they were designed to be."
Abstract This paper discusses arranged marriages versus love marriages, the pros and cons of each and the circumstances under which each take place.
From the Paper "There is an ongoing debate about which is better - arranged marriages or "love marriages". One can argue that arranged marriages are based on practical reasons and thrive on mutual respect and responsibility. On the other side are those who argue that love is what holds a marriage together and that love equals happiness. The truth is everyone has his or her own reason for getting married and the debate is likely to go on. Arranged marriage has evolved from an ancient tradition to a valid life choice for young men and women today."
Abstract Many developing nations rely heavily on their ability to produce low cost goods for the international market in order to fuel their economies. This paper examines how the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) was introduced to protect the economies of developed nations' textiles and clothing industries through the introduction of quotas. It also discusses how, as a result, many developing nations have found that their access to such large markets as the United States and the European Union have been restricted quite drastically and thus the expansion of such industries has been limited.
From the Paper "International trade is based on economic theory states that there is a potential gain from trade among two or more countries, in doing so each country will export the good in which it has a comparative advantage over another in the production of a certain commodity if its opportunity cost of producing that commodity is lower (Daniels, J. & Radebaugh, L. & Sullivan, D. 2004, p147). The theory of comparative advantage comes from the theory of absolute advantage which states that certain countries have an advantage over other countries in producing certain commodities, eg Saudi Arabia producing petroleum, Australia producing beef, China producing textiles and clothing. This can be due to differences in land, labour, capital and technology (Fraser, I & Fraser, S & Gionea, J. 2003, p206). "
Abstract The paper examines peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to develop an overview of various gender-related differences in communication, which have an impact on how language and speech are used and what the historic implications of these differences for women in various countries. The author points out differences in perspective among men and women based on the source and purpose of an arranged marriage. The paper relates various ways in which such gender-related differences and their associated stereotypes can be overcome or mitigated by using techniques such as active listening skills.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Introduction
Differences in Perspective
The Different Ways Language is Used by Genders
Learn to Listen
Learning about Personal Approaches to Communicating
Understanding Relationships and How People Bond to One Another
Communication is a Joint Action with Antecedents and Consequences Complicated by Emotions and Different World Views
Polysemy and Schismogenesis
Summary
Conclusion
From the Paper "Most of these studies have identified discrete differences in the behavior that can be correlated to the gender of the participants. In most cases, though, there are clear and evident aspects involved in how language is used by men and women that shape how the communication is intended and received, and which style is preferred. Furthermore, in many instances, gender-related differences in communication studies have demonstrated that both men and women in the West prefer male rhetoric over female rhetoric as being more highly valued."
Tags: stereotypes listening, old customs, subordinate expectations
Abstract This paper relates that the cost of trade diverting because of the efficiency costs of regional trade arrangements is larger than preferential trade agreement (PTA) proponents recognize. The author points out that these costs arise because (1) the claim that regional trade arrangements minimize trade diversion by grouping natural trading partners is wrong and because (2) the volume of trade flows between countries, another popular indicator, is not a good proxy of naturalness. The paper concludes that these two critiques of the static welfare effects of preferential trading arrangements suggest that the trade diverting effects are likely to be larger and the trade-creating effects are likely to be smaller than proponents of PTAs claim.
Table of Contents
Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTAs) through Free Trade Arrangements Whether PTAs are Trade Expanding or Trade Diverting?
Conclusion
From the Paper "Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), an initiative that brings together nineteen countries on both sides of the Pacific, was launched in 1989. The apparent shift in world trading arrangements has generated debate within policy and academic circles about the implications for global economic welfare. One set of protagonists in that debate, including high profile members of Clinton's economic team, such as Lawrence Summers, actively promotes PTAs."
An in-depth study into whether the pre-planning and paying of a funeral for a loved one, makes the mourning and bereavement process easier on the survivors.
Abstract This study identifies the differences in the perceptions and experiences of survivors who make final arrangements at the death of a friend or relative and those who oversee the execution of pre-paid and pre-planned final arrangements. Specifically, the study employs a quasi-experimental research design using a sample of 50 survivors identified via newspaper obituaries published 6 to 24 months prior to the study to test two research hypotheses. The first hypothesis states that survivors who oversee pre-paid and pre-planned final arrangements will pay less for funeral services than those who do not use this approach. The second hypothesis states that those who pre-pay or pre-plan will have less negative perceptions of funeral directors'/funeral homes' costs than those who did not pre-pay. A survey instrument is developed by the researcher employing a Likert-type scaled response; data is analyzed via descriptive and inferential (i.e., Pearson's r correlation) statistics.
Abstract
Review of Literature - Background of the Problem
Pre-Paying for Funerals
Theoretical Framework
Synthesis of the Literature
Method and Procedure -Purpose and Design of the Study
Sampling
Data Collection and Instrumentation
Procedures
Protection of Human Subjects
Data Analysis
Appendix 1-6
References
From the Paper "The cost of funeral and final expenses has never been greater for the average individual than it is today. The national average cost of final arrangements, according to the National Funeral Directors Association, is $5,543 (Taking the mystery..., 2000). Many people spend significantly more than this amount, often in excess of $8,000 - $10,000. In the past five years, the price of dying has risen about three times faster than the consumer price index (Ernst, 1998). The problem is such that the United States Senate has undertaken an investigation of fraud in the funeral industry under the aegis of the Senate Special Committee on Aging. Paying for funeral services places consumers in a vulnerable financial situation, a position made worse by the fact that grieving individuals often do not comparison shop for funeral home services, interment options, or other final arrangement services (Senate investigates fraud..., 2000). Grief-stricken mourners may be susceptible to subtle and not-so-subtle coercion and led to purchase final arrangement options beyond their ability to pay.
Singletary (2000) described her own experience in attempting to make final arrangements on behalf of her deceased brother. Noting that her primary emotion at the time was one of guilt and responsibility, coupled with loss, Singletary (2000) states that she did manage to "comparison shop" among several different funeral homes and cemeterians before making her final choice. Nevertheless, in her experience, the price range for a funeral ranged from $5,000 to $10,000 with caskets alone averaging about $2,000."
Abstract The paper explains the importance of Geisha to the Japanese culture. The paper explains that Geisha means "a person of the arts" and the typical geisha was adept in flower arranging, calligraphy, music, dance, and the unique Japanese tea ceremony. The paper describes the art exhibit that will include the Kimono traditional clothing, Ikebana (flower arranging) and Japanese calligraphy. The paper relates that visitors to the art exhibition will leave with a clear understanding of geisha's striking contrast with the reserved nature of the regular Japanese culture. The paper includes images of the Kimono clothing, flower arranging and Japanese calligraphy.
Outline:
Geisha Art Display
The Art Pieces
Kimono
Ikebana
Calligraphy
From the Paper "To understand the importance of Geisha to the Japanese culture as well as its significance within that culture, one must first understand Japanese culture. Within Japan the Japanese language epitomizes the culture with its emphasis on order and structure while such aspects as clothing, epitomized by the kimono which means literally "something that is worn" are widely seen within the culture as the ideal of Japanese garments (Sugimoto 43). Additionally, Japanese culture takes art forms such as painting, wood block prints, and especially calligraphy based on Chinese characters and makes of them a highly stylized, abstract art form. Yet, Japanese are, in their daily lives, quite reserved and adhere to strict social mores regarding behavior, speech, and a high regard for social order (Sugimoto 14). Thus, it can be imagined that where the typical historical Japanese woman might be reserved and less forward in not wanting to bring attention to herself geisha became a highly stylized representation of the Japanese woman. That is, without the social constraints of folkway and mores that barred traditional Japanese women from self-expression, geisha might be thought of as the unconscious expression of how many women, and men, conceived them to be."
