Abstract
This paper describes reality therapy, which is a practical approach to helping people take responsibility for their lives. Reality therapy, or choice therapy, encourages individuals to recognize and examine their role in their own lives, which is considered a rewarding experience of this innovative counseling approach. The paper also shows how reality therapy keeps the patient rooted in the present. Various studies on the approach and effectiveness of reality therapy are cited, particularly on its uses in the prison system. The paper closes by stating that reality therapy is a positive approach that empowers the client, and stimulates their creative thinking in ways that have not been done before in their lives.

Outline:
Reality Therapy
Putting Theory into Practice
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Reality therapy was introduced by William Glasser, M.D., in 1965 (Clark, p. 11). It is a therapeutic approach based on choice theory, and it is a revelation of the processes that individuals make, and probably make without giving much thought as to the outcome of their choices as they go about their lives. The choices people make for their selves are often responses to their innate needs. Choice theory identifies these innate needs as survival, loving and the need to be loved, success, control, independence, and the pursuit of entertainment or that which brings the individual joy. Choice theory says that it is important to point out behaviors, rather than to make interpretations of behaviors."

Tags:prison system, counseling, mental health, cognitive therapy

Abstract
The paper discusses the theoretical and historical foundations of cognitive and behavioural therapy; they are compared and contrasted and their relevance to social work practice is illuminated. As time allows, the following items are explored: the historical origins of each therapy; major contributors to the development/application of each; main sub-divisions of each therapy; strengths and limitations of each one and the similarities and differences between the two branches of therapy. The paper then looks at how a social worker might incorporate these therapies into his or her practice.

From the Paper
"The following paper will discuss the theoretical and historical foundations of cognitive and behavioural therapy; they will be compared and contrasted and their relevance to social work practice will be illuminated. As time allows, the following items will be explored: the historical origins of each therapy; major contributors to the development/application of each; main sub-divisions of each therapy; strengths and limitations of each one; similarities and differences between the two branches of therapy. The paper will then look at how a..."

Tags:psychology, cognitive, therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses Carl Rogers' non-directive approach to therapy, in which the client has control of the direction of the therapy session. The paper examines the roots of humanistic therapy in Carl Rogers' approach and then examines humanistic therapy as it pertains to Rogers' approach. Next, the paper discusses the conditions necessary for positive therapeutic results in client-centered therapy, as propounded by Rogers.

From the Paper
"Rogers puts forward some conditions that are necessary for there to be positive therapeutic results in client-centered therapy. These include, the counselor should operate from the premise that the client has a responsibility for himself or herself and also has the willingness for maintaining that responsibility; the client desires to be mature and socially well adjusted and will rely on this to achieve therapeutic change. The counselor should also create a climate where the client feels free to express their feelings and attitudes regardless of their absurdity. Limits can only be set on behavior and not on attitudes, which is a child perhaps may feel like breaking a window but he should not be allowed to actually break the window. The counselor's acceptance of the client's attitudes should involve neither disapproval nor approval of the client's attitudes and feelings. This understanding is conveyed best by seeking clarification where necessary. Finally, the counselor should refrain from actions like probing, giving advice, providing reassurance, apportioning blame and giving suggestions (Ryan, 2008; Green, 2000)."

Tags:non-directive therapy, psychotherapy, carl rogers, humanistic psychology, counseling

Abstract
This paper discusses various approaches to therapy and how anxiety and depression are affected by them. The paper looks at the beliefs of cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, Freud's psychodynamic therapy, and then discusses new approaches to therapy that incorporate all of these methods. The paper concludes that a mixture of all therapies is best when dealing with the individual patient.

From the Paper
"The individual patient may handle crisis situations in varying ways. Therefore, determining which method of treatment will depend on the patient's cognitive patterns, actions and behavior, and the core beliefs that are developed in the patient prior to treatment. As these issues are focused upon, the therapist can begin to aid the patient toward recovery from the most common disorders introduced into the therapy situation - depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is not just one therapy that is best suited to every patient. Answers for treatment may be identified in each of the predominant forms of therapy that are available today. Sigmund Freud believed that depression was often the result of loss in a patient's life. Freud contended that the loss subconsciously felt by the patient generally occurred during childhood, and oftentimes was a forfeiture that was not recalled in adulthood ("Explanations")."

Tags:cognitive, behavioral, therapy

Abstract
This paper details the benefits of solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), which was introduced as an alternative method of treatment, which could be accomplished in a shorter period of time, as opposed to the more traditional forms of long-term therapy and psychoanalysis. The writer contends and explains why SFBT is significantly more efficient in terms of time, scope and cost when compared to long-term therapy. This paper delves into the literature and research published on this particular form of therapy. This paper cites the various techniques involved in successfully implementing SFBT. This paper discusses the advantages of SFBT and success rates attained in both family and couples therapy, while also citing various experts in the field who oppose this particular form of treatment.

From the Paper
"Miracle questions are created to provide the therapist a 'preview' of how the patient views his/her future life. These questions engage patients by allowing them to contemplate about specific possibilities that may happen in their lives. Questions may be hypothetical situations that focus on the individual's action when confronted with mundane events followed after by thought-provoking inquiries by the therapist. This technique probes into the patient's capability to think about alternative solutions to specific life situations or problems, enabling the therapist to come up with a suggested resolution that is within the understanding of the patient. This also makes the patient feel that s/he had an active role in the solution-making process that took place during the therapy. Scaling is a more quantitative means by which problems are assessed by the therapist."

Tags:therapy, psychoanalysis, long, term, short, mental

Abstract
This paper studies the similarities and differences between two non-traditional, therapeutic approaches: Solution-Focused Therapy and Narrative Therapy. The paper examines the origins and efficacy of these two models of therapy.

From the Paper
"In recent years both solution-focused and narrative therapies have been used extensively to help diverse populations..."

Tags:Therapy Models, solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy

Abstract
The paper reviews the process, assumptions, goals, and skills required of brief and cognitive therapists. Brief therapy and cognitive therapy are compared in terms of similarities and differences, and an evaluation of which treatment model is more effective is presented.

From the Paper
"This paper compares and contrasts Brief Therapy with Cognitive Therapy. The process assumptions, goals and skills required of therapists are reviewed. The two methods are compared in terms of similarities and differences. An evaluation of which treatment model is more effective is presented.
"According to Iveson, while brief therapy can be derived from diverse schools of psychological thought, e.g. cognitive behavioral psychodynamic, etc, what distinguishes it from other therapies is that it is very..."

Tags:Cognitive Therapy, Brief Therapy, therapists, treatment model

Abstract
This paper evaluates current research about group therapy, in particular the advantages and the disadvantages of having the same sex individuals in one single group. The writer examines the types of groups that exist for therapy, including those focused on a single issue, such as illness. The author discusses the goals of group therapy, which include creating and maintaining healthy relationships. The author concludes that group therapy is more positive when both sexes participate, as the purpose of group therapy is ultimately to train the patient for a future that will enable him to lead a normal and productive life in the outside world.

From the Paper
"One case example can be studied to illustrate exactly how, when a member of the opposite sex joined a group of the same sex, in this case, a group of women, the entire tenor and the very tone of the group underwent a drastic change. The case is about a group of four women, with a woman group leader. These women found that they were able to share their feelings with openness and honesty, and that they were able to express a wide range of feelings amongst themselves. However, all the women would joke amongst themselves about when a man would enter the group, and when it was announced that a man would soon be joining their group, almost all the women immediately associated their feelings about the men in their lives, perhaps a violent boyfriend, or an abusive brother, or a chauvinistic father, with this man. (Alonso; Swiller, 1993)"

Tags:group, therapy, psychotherapy, sexes

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of aroma therapy and examines how, today, it is found everywhere and in everything. It debates whether one can argue with the benefits of a practice that dates back thousands of years and shows how skeptics believe it is the power of suggestion, either on the part of the practitioner or the patient, or simply the fad of the Green movement, that results in any beneficial effects of aromatherapy. It shows how scientific studies are mounting, nonetheless, and although science may never be able to prove without a shadow of doubt that fragrances and applied oils actually cure illnesses and maladies, one would be hard-pressed to assert that certain aromas do not calm, stimulate, or create a sense of well-being.

From the Paper
"Scientists agree that essential oils, the aromatic essences of plants, may perform several functions in living plants, such as part of the plant's immune system or end-products of the metabolism. The oils, which contain hundreds of organic constituents and are roughly a hundred times more concentrated than the oils in dried herbs, work on numerous levels (Natural pg). Humans perceive odors through thousands of olfactory nerves, which contain bundles of extremely sensitive nerve cells, in the nostrils. These nerve cells, unlike other nerve cells, regenerate every thirty to forty days. "Specific aromatic molecules of essential oils react with specific nerve receptors, which in turn trigger electrochemical impulses that are conducted directly into the brain" ."

Tags:essential, oils, smell, scent, fragrance

Abstract
This paper presents a business plan for a candle shop in Queens, New York, that will cater to the needs of primarily the female and youth market, including multicultural offerings. Included are executive summary, mission statement and objectives, product and service offerings, strategies, target markets, industry background, staffing, and a Pro Forma Profit and Loss statement.

From the Paper
"The candle industry has experienced double-digit growth over the past decade with sales of fragrance and aroma candles ..."

Tags:retail sales, aroma therapy, small business, marketing, employees