Abstract This paper examines the controversy surrounding therapeutic cloning in light of biomedical ethics. The author argues in favor of therapeutic cloning citing its medical benefits. The opposing viewpoint is also presented. The author concludes, however, that more people need to understand the nuances of cloning, so that it will become more acceptable in the future.
From the Paper "Cloning is basically the recreation of life in the form of the donor parent. In other words, when you clone a sheep, a pig, or a human, it is an identical twin of the donor. Cloning immediately frightens some people and excites others. It frightens people because it carries the implication that a scientist in a lab somewhere could create human life for his own purposes. That is frightening and ethically challenging. Many religious groups (and others) oppose cloning for the ethical reason that no one should be able to create life but God."
Tags: biomedical, ethics, therapeutic, cloning, stem, cell, research
Abstract This paper discusses stem cell research, with specific attention to therapeutic cloning, and then relates this to the recent scientific breakthroughs concerning stem cell application to breast implants. The paper reviews research; public opinion and embryo stem cell cloning. It looks at reconstructive surgery and plastic surgery.
From the Paper "Stem cell research is experiencing great advances, allowing humans to see a future where diseases of today will not be of such concern tomorrow ..."
Tags:therapeutic cloning, stem cell research, breast implants
Abstract The paper provides an overview of the relationship between therapeutic alliance and retention with reference to the underlying influence of attachment theory. The paper aims to discover how the therapeutic alliance is perceived by the patient and the therapist and how this perception impacts the decision to continue with therapy, change the procedure or to change to another therapist. A brief overview of the history and significance of the therapeutic alliance is offered as well as a look at the attachment theory. The paper concludes that the therapeutic alliance is an essential component in the positive outcomes of therapy as well as in retention.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Background to the Understanding of Therapeutic Alliance
The Value of Therapeutic Alliance and its Relationship to Retention
Attachment Theory
Conclusion: The Question of Client and Therapist Perceptions of Therapeutic Alliance
From the Paper "In 1934, Sterba defined alliance as the relationship between the reasonable aspects of both the therapist and the client. (Sterba, 1934) Therefore, in order to enable positive outcomes and retention, the client's ego "...needed to be strengthened in its interactions with the therapist" (Delaney, 2006). This process was facilitated by an intense form of understanding and cooperation between therapist and client. The concept of alliance was therefore seen as an indispensable process, whereby the client would accept or acquiesce to the therapist's view and insight into the particular problem, which in turn would increase the likelihood of positive outcomes to the therapy.
"The view of therapeutic alliance was taken further by therapists such as Zetzel, Rogers and Greenson in the 1950s and 1960s. These therapists advanced beyond the theory of transference towards an understanding of the therapeutic alliance as a conscious process, which leads to the development of a situation of trust and cooperation between the client and the therapist."
An examination of the appropriateness of the Helping Alliance Questionnaire-2 (HAQ-2) as an instrument for measuring a psychologist's ability to assess the therapeutic relationship.
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of a therapeutic alliance for treatment. It explores the ability of clinical psychologists to improve the health of the therapeutic relationship between a therapist and patient. It then explores the appropriateness of the Helping Alliance Questionnaire-2 (HAQ-2) as an instrument for measuring psychologist ability to assess the therapeutic relationship.
Table of Contents:
Part 1: Therapeutic Relationship or Client-Therapist Attachment?
Understanding the Elements of the Therapeutic Relationship
Understanding Client-Therapist Attachment
Comparing and Contrasting the Therapeutic Relationship and Client-Therapist Attachment
Research Rationale
Part 2: Assessing Measurement Instruments
Relationship Measurement Instruments
The Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ-2)
Reliability and Validity of the HAQ-2
Comparison with Other Instruments
Limitations of the HAQ-2
Appropriateness of the HAQ-2 for the Intended Study
From the Paper "When one considers all of the variables associated with selection of the research instrument and the desired outcomes of the intended research, the HAQ-2 stands out as the most obvious choice. The HAQ-2 has many advantages over other research instruments for this study. One of the key considerations is ease of administration. It is short and only takes a few minutes to complete. This is a key reason for ruling out other research instruments, such as the BLRI. The WAI is another possibility, but it does not allow the potential for direct comparison of client and patient results for the same session."
Abstract Recent years have seen intense debate on the ethicality of human cloning and therapeutic cloning. While the former involves reproduction of a new human, a clone to the adult from whom the DNA was taken, therapeutic cloning has a very different goal. Having said that, therapeutic cloning, too, has been under the spotlight. This paper focuses on therapeutic cloning alone and explores the possible pros and cons of the procedure. It defines therapeutic cloning to assure that the discussion is viewed in the correct contextual framework.
From the Paper "Therapeutic Cloning or Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer is a procedure, which involves removing the DNA from a cell taken from a human, inserting it into the DNA taken from a woman's ovum and giving the resultant ovum an electrical shock to begin the formation of an embryo. The procedure results in a pre-embryo being formed in a small percentage of cases (Robinson)."
Abstract This work attempts to describe various aspects of parents? coping styles with their developmentally challenged child, assuming that, with the help of therapeutic intervention, both the developmentally challenged child and the family system as a systematic unit, and, of course, each one of its members individually, will draw much benefit and gain the power to efficiently cope with their life.
Outline
The Birth of a Developmentally Challenged Child
Emotional Difficulties in the Family of the Developmentally Challenged
Child
Coping with Stressful Situations in the Family
Coping Theory According to Menushin's Family Therapy
The Structural Approach ? Therapeutic Conclusions
Family in Therapy
Generation of the Therapeutic System Therapeutic Intervention by Way of Therapeutic Group
From the Paper "The crisis of change stems from the sudden change that occurred in the parents? perception of themselves, their family and their future. Each parent has plans for the new born. The expectations are broken when they receive the new that their child was born with mental deficiency and diminished capacity, and they are replaced with an attempt of the parents to rehabilitate their world in light of the sad news."
Tags: guilt, denial, protection, grief, deficiency, disability, handicapped, different, normal
Abstract This paper discusses therapeutic communication from the point of view of the writer's clinical experiences as a nurse. It discusses the concept of therapeutic communication and how important verbal and nonverbal communication is with patients. The paper presents a case study that the writer was involved in and discusses how therapeutic communication was successful or unsuccessful in this scenario.
Table of Contents:
Clinical Experience
The Concept of Therapeutic Communication
From the Paper "Even when the nurse has experience with therapeutic communication, there can still be the problem of a breakdown in that communication. The nurse can have empathy, respect for the person, and use active listening skills, but the problem could still come about. The reason it happens is that the nurse also needs to do critical thinking. That kind of thinking means that that she is always assessing the patient and the situation (McNabb, 2006). Another point is that sometimes it can be very difficult to see things from the perspective of the patient. Bournes and Mitchell (2002, p. 59) state, "health is the way people go on and live what is important to them, moment to moment and day to day". Health for me is very different than it is for a person such as Mrs. A. The only way I can understand her experience is by empathy and through active listening."
Abstract This paper discusses therapeutic ultrasound, a physical modality used in the treatment of a plethora of medical and surgical conditions by many health care practitioners. Although widespread use of therapeutic ultrasound suggests efficacy, its specific physiological and therapeutic effects remain questionable. In particular, it examines how chronic inflammatory conditions are specific musculoskeletal conditions in which the acute inflammatory process is unable to restore the tissue to its original state. It looks at how, over the past few decades, chronic inflammatory conditions like tendinitis have increased dramatically, and the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of one of the most utilized modalities for the treatment of these conditions has grown.
From the Paper "Absorption, reflection, refraction and acoustical streaming are primarily responsible for the ability of ultrasound to produce biophysical effects. (8) The biophysical effects of ultrasound are grouped into two classifications, thermal and nonthermal. Thermal effects of ultrasound are mainly a result of absorption and reflection. They include increased blood flow, increased tissue extensibility, increased pain threshold, increased macrophage activity, increased collagen deposition, and reduction of muscle spasm. Nonthermal effects of ultrasound are mainly a result of acoustical streaming. Acoustical streaming is defined as the unidirectional flow of tissue fluids. These effects include tissue regeneration, wound healing, reduction of edema, synthesis of protein and collagen, and changes in cell membrane permeability."
This paper discusses alternative and traditional therapeutic methods and interventions being used to treat children in foster care who often have emotional difficulties that must be dealt with by their caregivers.
Abstract This paper explains that one of the most traditional intervention approaches for foster care children is placing them in a special education class because many children who come into foster care have behavioral, physical and emotional problems that do not allow them to function normally in a standard classroom setting. The author states that as time goes on and the problems of foster care children do not show any great improvement, alternative ideas begin to make their way to the forefront of thinking for those who are involved with foster care children. The paper relates that one of these alternative ideas is to expand the primary care and community-based care for these children, so that they can receive proper healthcare when and where they need it instead of only receiving Medicaid. Another alternative treatment is a mentoring program.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Traditional Therapeutic Methods & Interventions
Alternative Therapeutic Methods & Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper "Mentors, however, are people in the community that can work specifically with these children on a one-on-one basis. They are often people who have been through hardships in their own childhood. Some of them come from abusive homes, some of them come from the foster care system, and others come from various other hardships and tragedies that they endured as children and young adults. The reason that this is so important for foster children is that these mentors have experiences and problems that they have made it through, and many of these experiences and difficulties are similar to what foster children either will go through or are going through right now. Because of the fact that many of these people have been through the difficulties that these foster children are now facing, they are able to give advice and help in a way that many others would not be able to. They have "been there," and they know what many of the pains that a foster child goes through feel like. This makes them uniquely qualified to give advice and to help these foster children."
Abstract This paper examines three therapeutic approaches: psychoanalytic therapy; Adlerian therapy; and Person Centered Therapy. It outlines their key concepts, the therapeutic processes and their appropriate applications.
Abstract This paper provides an overview of multiple forms of therapeutic models and a case study, and attempts to find an appropriate therapeutic model that best suits the needs of the client. The person-centred approach to therapy is used as a means of framing the discussion. The case study is a woman who has recently been abandoned by her husband and with whom the therapist feels a close personal association.
From the Paper "The therapeutic process is extremely evocative from an emotional perspective, as well as from the perspective of the degree of personal investment that the client has to dedicate towards introspection and the assessment of self-motivation. As a result, the therapist also needs to have a personal engagement with the client; the therapist's own personality and experiences are blended into the session, causing one author to comment that "one could quite rightly argue that there are as many forms of therapeutic practice as there are therapists."
Abstract In this paper, the advantages of therapeutic recreation for people with physical disabilities are analyzed. The paper discusses how recent legislation forbidding discrimination against those with disabilities has impacted this field. The legislation has stimulated recreational therapists, specialists and educators alike to take on a more active role in providing a wide range of physical and recreational activities for people who have physical disabilities. These activities typically work to help promote the quality of life among people who have disabilities and improve participation, interaction and understanding among their able bodied peers.
Outline:
Causes and Characteristics of Population - Physically Disabled
Importance of Recreation for Population
Role and Place of Recreation in Life
Overview of Legislation Affecting Disabled
Role and Use of Therapeutic Recreation
Specific Recreation Activities to Improve Functioning
Conclusions
From the Paper "A person who has a physical disability may be defined in multiple ways. Henderson (1999) suggests that a disability can be defined "as a physical or mental impairment that restricts one or more aspects of a person's life" (22). This definition is supported by others who suggest that people who are disabled generally are limited with respect to their ability to participate in certain physical and recreation activities; this suggests a need to explore new ways for identifying how to help people who are disabled experience a full range of activities including physical and therapeutic recreational activities (Henderson, 2002; Austin & Crawford, 1996; Smith, Austin & Kennedy, 1996). "
Abstract This paper examines how the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship is the psychosocial bond that fosters and nurtures the healing of a patient. The paper asserts that the therapeutic relationship between a patient and his psychiatric nurse is a special bond between human beings that possesses several unique attributes, founded on a trust that is rooted deeply in the traditions of professional health care. It discusses compassion which, when practiced by mental health professionals, has the potential to facilitate healing as well as impede it. The paper concludes that, although more reliance on medications and behavioral modification techniques such as psychotherapy continue to be more and more of a factor in the treatment of mental illnesses, it is ultimately the attitude of the individual that determines the patient's progress towards healing.
Outline:
Introduction
Significance to Nurses
Significance to Patient and Family
Transference
Continuity of Care
Reflections
Conclusion
From the Paper "The significance of the therapeutic relationship to the patient and family is that it provides them with a means to connect with the health care staff not only in terms of treatment of the patient, but also in terms of establishing a means by which patient and nurse can relate on even terms. Rapport with the patient's family further establishes a link with the patient outside the hospital. This is beneficial especially in situations where patients are far from easy access to health institutions where primary care for their condition is being given. (Forchuk, Reynolds, Sharkey, Martin & Jensen, 2007)"
Abstract The first part of this paper traces the recent and forecasted implementation of therapeutic cloning. The second part of the paper explores the ethical, legal and religious controversy in creating a human replication.
From the Paper "Advanced technology has allowed human to secure the genetic information found on cells to generate the replication of organism's tissue and use it for cloning. Therapeutic cloning is believed to be the breakthrough in medical advancement to recover people with such disease and also develop tissue from the contained information of the genes in the stem cells that allow people to experience genetic defects correction and tissue or organ transplant. However, until now this issue has been in serious debate regarding the ethical, legal, and religious controversy in creating a human replication, which is against nature. As more consideration emerges, this debate is also carried out nationally and internationally, requiring more regulations applied for cloning research and application."
Tags: implementation, moral, debate, genetic, ethical, legal, religious
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the theories and techniques of Carl Rogers, Albert Ellis and Fredrick Perls in context of therapeutic solutions.
