Abstract
A paper on the U.S. and their involvement in the arms trade.

Abstract
This paper discusses French trade with the Middle East, focusing primarily upon an examination of past and current weapons trade with the Arab states of the region. Persian Gulf states such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar are singled out for special attention.

Tags:french, foreign, trade

Abstract
The paper explores Russia's and the United States' methodology, impact, strategies and influence in the arms trade in order to determine the global impact of the weapons trade. The paper provides statistics and shows how developing countries, industrialized countries, governments, other industries, and people all over are negatively affected by the arms trade. The paper highlights how the weapons trade is corrupted and unregulated and is a source for major human rights abuses throughout the world. The paper also discusses how it gives terrorists and criminals the tools they need to carry out their plans. The paper proposes the solution to these problems, that the arms industry must be regulated by governments instead of being promoted by them.

Outline:
Introduction
Background
Statistics
The United States in the Arms Trade
Russia in the Arms Trade
The Argument For the Arms Trade
The Argument Against The Arms Trade
A Proposed Solution
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The arms sales industry is a global business which creates and sells weapons, weapons technology, and related equipment. Since the Cold War, the United States and Russia have been heavily involved in arms transfers and contracts throughout the world, especially in developing countries. It is estimated that nearly 1 trillion dollars are spent worldwide each year in the arms trade (BBC, 2005). The five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council (U.S., U.K., France, Russia, and China) can account for 87% of all arms exported in the world (Campaign Against Arms Trade, 2006)."

Tags:terrorists, criminals, militias, guerillas, black, market, taxes

Abstract
Examines the idea that corporate-led free trade promotes peace among nations. Motivations of free trade including political and corporate interests. Issue of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as an extension of monopolistic exploitation. Resistance to the Multinational Agreement on Investment (MAI). Examples of NAFTA and the EEC. Argues that ending armed conflict and international peace must precede free trade.

From the Paper
"FREE TRADE & INTERNATIONAL PEACE

Proponents of global free trade, especially corporate-led free trade, promote the idea that free trade among nations leads to peace among nations (Sirico, 1998). The proponents of such global free trade base their arguments on rather simplistic reasoning such as the following proposition:

Western Europe was rife with tariffs and other trade barriers from 1890 through 1915, and this situation led to the debacle of the First World War. In contrast, the major nations of Western Europe created the free trade European Economic Community in the late-1950s and Western Europe has been free of armed conflict since that time.
What such reasoning fails to consider is that the argument places the ..."

Abstract
This paper examines the motives behind the trade of weapons between countries as well as the problems caused by adopting strategies involving the selling of arms and ammunitions

Abstract
Discusses major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts among ASEAN nations. Arms race and growth of Chinese naval power. Chinese economy. The Spateley Islands issue of the South China Sea; their strategic importance to maritime trade. Conflict over the status of Taiwan. Korean Peninsula conflict. Outlook for peace and stability of the Asia Pacific region.

From the Paper
"Current Maritime Issues/Conflict in Asia Pacific Region


This research paper outlines and discusses the major maritime issues and potential armed conflicts in the Asia Pacific region, their implications and the outlook for regional peace and security, with particular relevance to ASEAN nations. The ASEAN nations now include Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.


1. Arms Race and Growth in Chinese Naval Power
The Asia Pacific region is one of the most heavily armed regions of the world. The United States is the world's leading military superpower. China (the PRC) has had nuclear weapons since the 1960s and the largest army in the world. Japan could easily become a nuclear power and its Self-Defense forces, particularly its air force and navy, are formidable. The military..."

Abstract
This paper aims to identify some of the implications of China's determination to fuel its rapidly growing economy by entering into economic arrangements with Middle-Eastern States. The writer reviews Dan Blumenthal's article "China and the Middle East: Providing Arms," Jin Liangxiang's article "China and the Middle East: Energy First," Henry Lee and Dan A. Shalmon's article, "Searching for Oil China's Initiatives in the Middle East," and "Managing China-U.S. Energy Competition in the Middle East," by Brookings Institute Fellows Flynt Leverett and Jeffrey Bader, in order to showcase some of China's past oil investments and find out whether, in the first place, future tensions over oil due to China's initiatives are likely to arise, and, secondly, whether China's policies will inevitably conflict with Western interests. The writer examines the proposed questions and concludes that an affirmative answer to both can be found in all four articles, although different reasons are given in each article for a positive answer to the second question.

Outline:
A Review of the Articles
Do China's Initiatives Foreshadow a Future Full of Tensions Over Access to Oil?
Are China's Policies Inevitably in Conflict with Long-term Western Interests?
Criticisms
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Henry Lee and Dan A. Shalmon's article, Searching for Oil China's Initiatives in the Middle East discusses the geopolitical realities of China's efforts to enhance energy security. According to the authors, China's oil consumption nearly doubled in the last five years with nearly half of their supply coming from imported oil. Additionally, nearly half of its imports come from the Middle East. They argue that oil imports will double in the next decade. They discuss China's gradual shift from state controlled oil companies to those more profit oriented. This was a very good examination of the oil problem, as they went into depth about the great Chinese need for oil."

Tags:security shortage energy Iran, Saudi Arabia, strategy weapons paranoid, arms trade, controversy

Abstract
The paper examines handgun regulations within the US and Canada and their relationship with incidents of violence and explores the influence of the National Rifle Association (NRA), its message and methods, both nationally and internationally,. The paper deals with issues related to international trade of small arms and light weapons (SALW), the economic toll on developing nations in responding to gun violence, and the role of the US government in supporting international anti-violence initiatives designed to control SALW. Lastly, the paper identifies potential remedies to existing risks of violence that correlate with handgun use.

Outline:
United States Gun Law Structure
National Rifle Association
Transitions from Licit Handguns to Illicit Weapons within the US
US Violence
Canadian Gun Laws and Related Violence
International Controls
International Gun-Related Violence
Remedies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The United States emphasizes and protects the Second Amendment to the US Constitution which guarantees the rights of citizens to bear arms, meaning to own, store, carry, and use a concealed weapon. Prohibiting a gun purchase is much more difficult than granting one. Federal Firearm License Dealers (FFLs) are not required to ask purchasers the purpose for buying a gun and only deny purchasers who meet very specific disqualifying conditions. They are, however, required to complete a background check, the specifics of the check are determined by state regulations. Federal laws in the US require purchasers to be at least 21 years old and a resident of the state from where the gun is potentially purchased. The exceptions to gaining a firearm include past convictions for felonious acts, outstanding warrants, past committals to a psychiatric facility or a clinical diagnosis equivalent of being mentally defective, convictions or restraining orders related to domestic violence, dishonorable military discharge, or illegal alien status."

Tags:arms, weapons, assaults, suicide, homicide, trade, crime

Abstract
This paper studies the tumultuous relationship between President John F. Kennedy and Canadian Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker during their mutual years in power between 1960 and 1963. The paper demonstrates how the animosity between them made this period the lowest point in U.S.-Canadian relations since the War of 1812. The paper analyzes the complex issues that were the foundations for their personal disdain of each other: (1) Diefenbaker was an old-fashioned prairie populist with a deep distrust of Americans and Kennedy personified the wealthy American establishment; (2) The two had fundamental differences over the handling of key events during their times in office, including a 1961 meeting in Ottawa, trade policy, the debate on nuclear arms, the Cuban Missile Crisis and a disastrous Sate Department Press release. After a detailed analysis of these issues, the paper concludes that their differences were irreconcilable and their clash inevitable.

From the Paper
"Diefenbaker was born in Neustadt, Ontario on September 18, 1895 and moved first to Fort Calton in the North West Territories in 1903 and then to Saskachewan in 1910 while Kennedy was born in Brookline, Mass. on May 29, 1917, with a silver spoon in his mouth. Diefenbaker's studies at the University of Saskachewan were interrupted by World War I where he was injured in training camp. After attending Harvard University, Kennedy became a war hero in World War II, winning the Purple Heart and the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for bravery. Diefenbaker, after deciding that his future lay in politics rather than law, began a slow rise in the government, losing several times municipally, provincially and federally. Kennedy however, began his political career in 1946 by being elected to Congress in 1947 and to the Senate in 1952, both by landslide victories. Diefenbaker was nominated as the Conservative party leader in 1956 and became Canada's thirteenth Prime Minister in 1957 while Kennedy defeated Nixon in the 1960 election to become America's thirty-fifth President. A motion of non-confidence was eventually passed on Diefenbaker's government by the Liberals in 1963, and Diefenbaker resigned on April 22, quietly dying on August 16, 1979. Kennedy's end as President was more dramatic; he was assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963, shocking the world and creating much controversy and speculation."

Tags:prairie, populist, ottawa, trade, policy, nuclear, arms, cuban, missile, crisis, camelot, canada, presidency

Abstract
Foreign military sales program refers to the transfer and trade of arms and military equipment carried out by the defense industry. However, this program has been highly controversial in nature because of various national and security concerns that it gives rise to. This paper analyzes the article "The Problem with Foreign Military Sales Reinvention" by Isaiah Wilson. This article deals with the problems connected with foreign military sales reinvention, which is currently the most important topic of debate in political circles. Foreign military sales program is an extremely important system of transfer of arms but it also poses various security threats and acts as a regulatory force where arms control is concerned.

From the Paper
"Without a national security strategy to act as the basis of FMS reinvention program, FMS is likely to turn dangerous for national interests as it is mainly "driven by a default strategy based on consequences and customer demands and incentives." In other fields, this customer-driven strategy works as it addresses customer needs and demands, but in the field of military trade, such strategies can prove dangerous in the long run since arms are involved. However a complete dependence on national security strategy might also adversely affect commercial interests of defense industry. For this reason, a healthy balance is to be maintained between security policy and customer-driven strategies. Reinvention of this program must therefore seek to strike a balance between the two in order to make FMS safe, feasible and viable."

Tags:FMS, war