Abstract
This paper states that its research on the issue of civic engagement in global public policy confirms that citizens and peace activists all over the world have organized transnational networks in order to influence arms control policies and bring about change. Their efforts have produced mixed results, from remarkable success to complete failure. Ultimately, their influence on arms control policy depends upon their ability to generate public support for arms reductions, for public support translates into political pressure on government policymakers. The paper brings historical examples from the Cold War to illustrate this, such as the Cuban missile crisis, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union, the Salt I Treaty, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and the START treaty. The paper concludes by stating that arms and militarism have been an inseparable part of every major empire or culture throughout human history and that this is a dilemma peace activists may not be able to resolve. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"Civic engagement on arms control policy emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War in response to the development and deployment of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union. After the fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union amassed huge arsenals of atomic bombs, intercontinental ballistic missiles, strategic jet bombers, and ballistic missile submarines, and it seemed that conventional battles fought by massed armies of tanks and infantry would never occur again. The general consensus among government officials and the public as well was that possession of nuclear weapons was the new measure of any nation's military power."

Tags:disarmament, protest, doctrine, world, peace, force, war, conflict, international, policy, arms

Abstract
This paper describes the impact of small arms proliferation in Southeast Asian region. It highlights studies that detail illegal activities that allow rebels access to small arms with which to perpetrate further chaos in the country by undermining vital aspects of basic human security.

Contents
Introduction
Small Arms Proliferation and its Impacts on Human Security in Southeast Asia

From the Paper
"According to the "Small Arms Survey 2002: Counting the Human Cost" published by the University of Geneva, the total number of human lives lost to small arms has reached approximately 639 million worldwide. Relatedly, according to the United Nations, the current number of small arms around the world is estimated to be 500 million to 1 billion. Light weapons are found to be the principal cause of death in conflicts around the world with the vast number of casualties belonging to civilians. It appears that despite the numerous lives lost, small arms and light weapons remain largely available in the world.
Small arms proliferation and their subsequent misuse by criminal elements have not only caused massive deaths but also undermined the equally important aspects of human security. These aspects include economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security and political security. With the increasing level of small arms proliferation and the resulting instability and insecurity it causes, human security is threatened. It serves to prolong the violent intra-state conflicts, and worst, encourage the demand for more arms for more profit to arms peddlers and for self-defense of neglected civilians. It is in this context that human security is examined amidst the proliferation and misuse of small arms in Southeast Asia."

Tags:arms, asia, small, southeast, trafficking

Abstract
This research paper on Ernest Hemingway's book "A Farewell to Arms", is based on two reviews, one by Judith Fetterley - on her essay penned in 1978, and the other by Sandra Whipple Spanier - and her essay written in 1987. The paper describes how Judith Fetterley, Ph.D., and a professor of English and women's studies at the University of New York, begins her extensive critical work with her view of Catherine's role in "A Farewell to Arms". The paper discusses how she writes that Catherine is a "scapegoat for Frederic, rather than his true love". The paper shows how she provides evidence supporting her reason for Frederic's goal, which was to avoid a commitment to Catherine.

From the Paper
"This research paper on Ernest Hemingway's book "A Farewell to Arms", is based on two separate reviews, one by Judith Fetterley - on her essay penned in 1978, and the other by Sandra Whipple Spanier - and her essay written in 1987. Judith Fetterley, Ph.D., and a professor of English and women's studies at the University of New York, begins her extensive critical work with her..."

Tags:a, farewell, arms

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses George Bernard Shaw's play "Arms and the Man". The writer notes that Shaw, wrote the prolific play, "Arms and the Man" in 1894, while he was a socialist lecturer and an arts critic. The writer points out that the play only ran for one season at a small theater, but was produced a year later in the United States.

From the Paper
"George Bernard Shaw had a unique sense of humor and wrote, "Life does not cease to be funny when people die any more than it ceases to be serious when people laugh" (Schwartz). He was an Irishman who eventually revolutionized the Victorian ideals and concepts through his melodramas and comedies (Henderson 4). Furthermore, Shaw had been compared to Oscar Wilde due to his knack for the comedic (Henderson 78). Shaw's plays began to be produced in the 1890s, however, he did not begin to make a good living as a playwright until almost a decade later. He wrote approximately sixty-three plays, most of which were full length, and originally found success in Germany and America. Success in the United Kingdom would come later, as many of Shaw's plays were not produced there until after they had run in other locations."

Tags:arms, and, the, man, play

Abstract
The paper relates that Ernest Hemingway, the author of "A Farewell to Arms", a book published in 1929 - approximately 80 years ago - wrote himself into the respected position of a great author of our times according to reports of many critics of his books, and his books remain an inspiration for readers, writers and critics alike.

From the Paper
"Ernest Hemingway, the author of "A Farewell to Arms", a book published in 1929 - approximately 80 years ago - wrote himself into the respected position of a great author of our times according to reports of many critics of his books. His books remain an inspiration for readers, writers..."

Tags:farewell, to, arms

Abstract
This paper is a literature review of a very important topic; namely, the relationship between the state of the European arms manufacturing sector and the harmonization of European militaries under the "aegis" of the European Union (Eurocorps in particular). The paper examines the statistical evidence available, EU documents that are available (many are not) as well as any interviews that have been conducted examining the issue. Ultimately, the pros and cons of the aforementioned relationship does not provide for easy answers.

Tags:harmonization, industry, arms

Abstract
This paper evaluates the nuclear arms race and nuclear deterrence in terms of Christian ethics.

From the Paper
"From the perspective of Christian ethics, the nuclear arms race is antithetical to the Biblical injunction to live in peace. Matthew states; "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called the children of God and Romans says, "Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace and things where with one may edify another KJV." Moreover, the Bible instructs him that would love life and see good days to turn away from evil and do good. Let him seek peace...""

Tags:nuclear arms race, nuclear war, nuclear deterrence, Christian ethics

Abstract
This paper explains that, today, the interpretation of the amendment has polarized the American people into two different views: (1) Those opposed to private ownership of firearms argue that there is no individual right to bear arms because the Second Amendment refers to the people's collective right as a members of a well-regulated State militia, and (2) those in favor hold that individuals may bring claims or raise challenges based on a violation of their rights under the Second Amendment. The author points out that the "rights of the people" means the rights of individuals; the right to keep and bear arms is an individual right, just as are all rights in the first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights. The paper relates that the phrase "keep arms" at the time of the writing of the United States Constitution usually indicated the private ownership and retention of arms by individuals as individuals, not the stockpiling of arms by a government or its soldiers.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Background
Constitutional Interpretation
"The Right of the People"
"To Keep and Bear Arms"
"A Well Regulated Militia, Being Necessary to the Security of a Free State"
Conclusion

From the Paper
"When "right" is used together with "the people" the right must belong to individuals because people are not a State or the Militia. Evidence shows that the only truly "collective" use of the "the people" at the time of the Founding was to refer to the people as they existed apart from government or any service to it. For example, the Declaration of Independence refers to "one People" dissolving their political bonds with another and forming their own nation, and "We the people" created the Constitution in ratifying conventions chosen "by the People" of each State. Thus, when "the right of the people" appears in the Constitution, it indicates a personal right of individuals, whether that be a right to assemble and petition, to be secure in one's person and property, or to keep and bear arms."

Tags:interpretation, individual, militia, violation, bill

Abstract
This paper explains that, to understand the importance of the right to bear arms, one must recognize that, prior to the American Revolution, the right of individual citizens to bear arms was intended as a direct protection against governmental tyranny by the British. Next, the author points out that one of the issues with the right to bear arms is that modern America is plagued by gun violence. The paper concludes that the right to bear arms as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights is not there to promote a safer or tidier America but to promote liberty.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The American Revolution
Forming the American Government
The Constitutional Right to Bear Arms
Modern Views on Gun Control
Why is Gun Control a Major Issue
The Role of the National Rifle Association (NRA)
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Given that there is currently a fierce nationwide debate about gun control, it is important to understand the scope of the Second Amendment. The Second Amendment makes it clear that the right to bear arms is linked to citizens being able to protect themselves by forming a militia. Combined with the framer's intent, which can be ascertained by examining "The Federalist Papers" and other contemporary documents, this right was not to be abrogated simply because the government established standing armies or other governmental agencies whose role was to protect the people."

Tags:protection, nra, liberties, amendments, tyranny

Abstract
This paper takes an historical look at what the framers of the U.S. Constitution meant regarding the right to keep and bear arms and looks at some of the controversial issues associated with this right. The paper then uses this information to present arguments favoring the right to bear arms. The paper also contrasts American policy on the right to bear arms with that of other countries and uses this contrast to further support the argument that American citizens should and do have the right to keep and bear arms.

From the Paper
"When the Constitution went up for ratification, there was much debate in state conventions and two opposing forces emerged. One of the sides was the Antifederalists, who were against the government having the power to dispossess individuals of their rights such as the right to keep and bear arms. The other side was the Federalists, who were desperately trying to have the Constitution ratified and maintain a centralized standing army. The Federalists guaranteed that people would be armed so that they could stop a tyrannical standing army. The Anti-federalists were concerned that people could be overwhelmed by the established standing army without one explicitly written right preserving the individual to keep and bear arms."

Tags:second, amendment, preserve, protect, individual, unorganized, militia, bill, of, rights