This paper examines the issue of sex between therapists and their patients, as well as the potential problems that could arise from such relationships.
Abstract The writer of this paper contends that the issue of sex between therapists and their patients is not a new one, and that the potential problems that could arise from such a relationship have been considered since the beginnings of the practice of therapy. From the beginning of the modern therapeutic relationship, therapists have themselves recognized the harm that could result from sexual involvement with patients. Such prohibitions within the field of medicine as a whole have ancient roots: The Hippocratic oath, which forbid doctors to have sex with their patients so as to preserve the sanctity of their relationship. This paper details various reports and studies on this subject. The American Psychological Association (APA) suspends or expels 12 of its members each year on average for various forms of patient exploitation, of which almost all are sexual. Studies have shown that a number of specific characteristics make certain attributes of patients more sexually attractive. These include: Physical attractiveness, positive mental or cognitive traits and sexuality. This paper explores the various courses of action to be taken if a client feels exploited in anyway by his/her therapist. This paper also details the potential problems, to the patient that could arise from such a relationship which include: The client having difficulty in trusting future therapists. They are not able to make changes without trusting the therapist. The client may sit huddled, avoid making eye contact, withhold important information or may even cancel appointments.
From the Paper "It is critical for the therapist to seek help from a friend, supervisor or any one else who can help ensure that the therapist does not act in a manner that will interfere with the client's best interests. The APA had strict guidelines and ethical principles, along with a formal code of conduct, to help its members set boundaries for themselves in Document four. In Document four, it explains how a therapist should conduct himself or herself when they face with a possible sexual relationship with a client. It is obvious that the APA Stance of therapist and client relations is very strict. And, the study that was conducted by Pope Ken Velter in 1972 is very true for the modern society."
Abstract A paper which investigates the privacy and security issues that arise from the Internet. Recognizing that the Internet is relatively new and rapidly changing, the investigation is completed with an eye for looking forward to the future. The writer of the paper discusses the modern history of the Internet and how it relates to privacy and security concerns. He then goes on to discuss several key security and privacy issues and the protection options available to deal with these issues. Finally, he discusses the future of Internet security and privacy focusing on two timely issues.
From the Paper "We can see the Internet as a tool for communicating information, just as television, newspapers and other media are. The difference with the Internet is that the information published is not as well controlled.
With television and newspapers, controls are in place to determine what will be communicated. It is generally not possible for a person to publish information without it being verified in some way. However, with the Internet, a person can publish and communicate messages to people from all over the world with no requirement to have checks on the information.
Essentially, the Internet allows anyone to say anything, and to say that anything to a lot of people. This leads to the Internet being capable of being used as a tool to defame others."
Abstract This paper defines the ethics that a professional counselor or therapist is bound by. The paper explores various ethical issues that clients and therapists are faced with and how they are normally viewed and handled. The paper also discusses the profession itself and its beliefs about the ethics of its members. Using several professional journal articles and sources, the paper defines the ethics that are required, the problems that can occur surrounding working with troubled clients and the ethics that can arise in that practice and suggestions to protect both the client and the therapist or counselor.
From the Paper "Over the last five decades the use of professional counselors and therapists has been on the rise. Those who find their lives stunted because of emotional issues are often slowed in many areas of their life. The problem not only affects the person involved but also affects their family, friends and co-workers.
Professional counselors and therapists are charged with an extremely important duty. They assist in the troubled person working through the issue and learning to put their life back in order(Bakan, D. 1967).. There are times one goes to a professional counselor because of an isolated incident or issue and there are times one is needed because of a lifelong accumulation of issues or incidences. Regardless of the reason someone goes to a professional counselor or therapist it is important that they feel comfortable opening up to them(Baumrind, D. (1964).. It is equally important that the client be able to trust their counselor regarding confidentiality, professional conduct and other things(Baumrind, D. (1985).. "
Abstract Discusses the implications of culture on child psychopathology, assessment and treatment. This paper is on the cultural differences that arise from the social conditioning of the child and the effect this difference has on the social skills of the child.
Abstract In this paper the author looks at different questions that arise when examining a crime scene. He questions photography as a tool, citing its advantages and disadvantages. The author points out that with modern photography, pictures can easily be altered and do not necessarily stand up in a court of law. He elaborates on this issue. The paper continues with an examination of steps investigators take in order to ensure the integrity of the crime scene and, the procedures used to collect and submit the evidence. The author then discusses the different types of DNA that can and are used in evidence and how they can be taken. The paper concludes with a look at the different types of powders that are available and are used in detecting finger prints.
Table of Contents:
Pros and Cons of Photographing Examinations
Operating Principles of Photographing
Guidelines for Ensuring Your Digital Photographs Are Admissible
Traditional and Magnetic Powders
Fluorescent Powders
Small Particle Reagent
Cyanoacrylate Fuming
From the Paper "Mitochondria are cell structures found in all our cells. They are the power plants of our body, providing about 90% of the energy that our body needs to function. What's significant from the forensic science perspective is that single mitochondria hold several loops of DNA all of which are involved in energy generation. Further, since each cell in our body contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, this in fact means that there are hundreds to thousands of mtDNA copies in a human cell. This compares to just two copies of nuclear DNA located in that same cell. Thus, forensic scientists are offered better sensitivity and the opportunity to characterize mtDNA in situations where nuclear DNA is significantly degraded, such as in charred remains, or may be present in small quantity. Interestingly, in situations where authorities cannot get a reference sample from an individual who may be long deceased or missing, a mtDNA reference sample can be acquire from any maternally related relative. However, all individuals of the same maternal lineage will be indistinguishable by mtDNA analysis."
Abstract This paper looks at two issues arising from the Exxon Valdez disaster in 1989, the extent of Exxon's liability and the effect on hydrographic survey technology. It also explains why Exxon was responsible for the environmental disaster.
From the Paper "When the foot Exxon Valdez ran aground at Blight Reef during the first minutes of March,its cargo tanks ruptured, as a consequence, nearly million gallons of crude oil spilled into Prince William Sound contaminating more than miles of seashore and defiling a ..."
Abstract This paper explores the key issues arising from attempts to rebuild Iraq's infrastructure and the attacks made on projects by insurgent militia groups as of 2004. The paper examines the controversies and problems.
From the Paper "The military conflict in Iraq is the subject of intense debate on a worldwide scale. The problems are many and varied with the ones resulting in physical military engagement and civilian deaths being the primary focus of the news media. One topic which has repeatedly appeared in academic discourse is the challenge of re-establishing the infrastructure of the nation which is crucial to the survival and independence of its citizens."
Tags: War, in, Iraq, Rebuilding, program, initiated, by, Coalition, forces, Trouble, with, insurgent, attacks, on, project, sites
Abstract This paper discusses the United Nation (UN) charter with regards to genocide intervention, as well as state sovereignty. It discusses conflict of interest and other issues that arise when a sovereign state is condemned under international law of genocide and the surrounding states may want to attempt to stop the human rights abuses that are occurring. This creates a moral dilemma, in terms of violating the state's sovereignty.
From the Paper "UN Charter and Genocide Intervention In matters of sovereign nations, the United Nations charter places a strong emphasis against intervention of the internal affairs of that nation, with the exception of cases that have been officially labeled as genocide. When put into context of the United States, the record of this global superpower is inconsistent at best. While intervention is not encouraged to prevent wars of conquest and vengeance, not taking a firm stand on the matter, as in the case of the United States, has fostered an environment that has also become conducive to utilizing war and intervention as a means to advance policy."
Abstract This paper discusses ethics in the field of nursing and medicine. It discusses the ethical questions and problems that can arise for health professionals while caring for their patients. The paper discusses the four principles of veracity, justice, fidelity and paternalism, as they relate to these particular professions.
From the Paper "Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing In the fields of nursing and medicine, as a whole, one of the biggest issues to come up for professionals in these lines of work is ethics. By ethics, we mean issues where one's moral fiber and ability to decide between right and wrong, between good and bad are called into play. Each and every day where patient care is employed and lives are at stake, healthcare professionals such as nurses must make ethical decisions for the good of all. This essay will evaluate four different principles that come up when ethical reasoning is used in the nursing field. The four principles that will be discussed are: veracity, justice, fidelity, and paternalism. The first principle that this paper will discuss is that of veracity."
Abstract This paper shall review four situations that could conceivably arise when dealing with present or past employees in a university setting. Specifically, the paper deals with items like unionization and
de-certification, faculty selection procedures, the differences between labour relations in private and public workplaces, and termination agreements and covenants not to compete. The paper examines the legal dangers that may result from intemperate action by management and also looks at the rights and responsibilities of employees as well.
From the Paper "Recently, it has come to our attention that several faculty members are interested in forming a union. This development raises some curious issues. Most notably, some in management feel that it is best to let the union form "quietly" and then negotiate a contract. The idea is that when the novelty of having a union has worn off, it would then be possible to de-certify the same union through an election involving the whole faculty. The question we are confronted with is whether or not it is possible to allow a union to both form and then de-certify within the span of a year. To answer such a question, we need to examine current United States statutory law and case law and also review the broad trends of the law over the last century. Since the late 1920s, the United States government (and judiciary) one..."
Abstract This paper presents three case studies within the realm of psychotherapy. It presents each case study individually and then discusses the professional and ethical issues that arise within each one. The paper concludes each case by discussing how it should be approached and then looking at the potential outcomes for each case.
Table of Contents:
Three Case Vignettes on Professional and Ethical Issues
First Vignette
Case Vignette #2 - Competence
Third Case Vignette
From the Paper "In this case, Sue has been seeing her high school counselor, Mr. Smith, weekly for two months. The school has a policy against long-term counseling so Mr. Smith refers Sue to a different counselor. The problem is that Sue refuses to see another counselor because she does not want to see anyone but Mr. Smith. The problem is that the school requires a referral, but Sue does not want another counselor. The potential issues in this case depend upon what Sue will do. The ethics code states that clients are treated with confidentiality. Any referrals require the consent of the client and a clear agreement must be reached before a referral can be made (Code of Ethics - D. Clients Served by Others 2004). Even visiting with the parents, confidentiality must be observed. An important ethical code relates to dual relationships even as simple as parents and children so the counselor must be careful in how the situation is handled. The main point is making sure not to increase the risk of harm for the client. If the client has threatened her life or the counselor feels the client is in danger, then the counselor must report this."
Abstract This paper analyzes the various elements of Marxist ideology that arise within Andy Warhol's art works "100 Cans" (1962), "Marilyn Monroe" (1967) and "A Set of Six Self Portraits" (1967). It discusses the idea of commodity and cultural identity within these works and aims to reveal Warhol's medium and ideology in industrial American society. The paper shows how Warhol merges images of capitalism and mass production into his portraits.
From the Paper "This was the biographical background for Warhol's interest in images of famous people, since he was obsessed with the way that people could become famous in the mass communications milieu of American culture. The use of photography could now capture a person's image and be broadcast to millions of people nationwide through the television. For icons like Marilyn Monroe, her image could now be processed and manipulated through media exploitation now that it could easily be replicated. In this way, the nightmare of Marx's human devaluation and exploitation of identity within a mass production industrial culture became realized; it was a beautiful dream-come-true for Andy Warhol and his choice of replicating popular icons in American society."
Abstract Three overlapping systems of international arbitration have developed to resolve international business disputes: (1) maritime arbitration of disputes related to ocean shipping and transportation; (ii) arbitration of disputes arising out of international trade in goods and services; and (iii) arbitration of disputes arising out of private foreign direct investment (FDI) and other trans-national financial transactions. This paper examines the effectiveness of international arbitration as a means of resolving business disputes arising out of international trade in goods and services and investment. The paper summarizes the historical roots of commercial arbitration, and the fundamental steps taken in the postwar period to establish a solid national and international legal and institutional framework to permit it to operate effectively.
Paper Headings:
Introduction
Defining Characteristics and Appeal
What is Commercial Arbitration?
Appeal of Commercial Arbitration in an International Context
Pre-1945 Historical Evolution of Arbitration
Ancient Origins
Arbitration in Medieval Europe
Decline of the Effectiveness of Commercial Arbitration
Establishing An Effective Legal Framework
Hostility of Other Legal Systems to Commercial Arbitration
Summary
From the Paper "Thousands of (but certainly not all) maritime and international commodity arbitrations are handled today in many of the world's great ports in a similar matter of fact and informal manner. Due to the scientific, mercantile, industrial and post-industrial revolutions which have occurred since the 16th century, the volume of world commerce has expanded and the means and methods of production, distribution and transportation have become much more complex. Global trade increased by an average per annum of 4.57 percent during the period 1870-1929, then (due to the Great Depression and World War II) by less than one per cent between 1929 and 1945. Since then, world trade in goods and services has mushroomed, increasing, according to the World Trade Organization, by an average of six and one half percent per annum between 1958 and 1993, from just $2.62 billion in 1986 to $6.3 billion in 1996."
Abstract James Joyce's "Eveline" is a story about the ways in which people try to connect to each other and the poor job that they generally make of the process. While Joyce seems at first to be trying to write a story about people attempting to communicate with each other, by the end of the story, what we are left with is an impression of the ways in which people are isolated from each. The paper explains that this isolation seems to arise because of the preconceptions that the characters have of what certain kind of people should be like. But it also arises as a result of the ways in which life's tragedies accumulate over time to create barriers between people that are impermeable even to far more genuine attempts to communicate than we see in this story.
From the Paper "Eveline's strong emotional connection to her mother is the most important emotional dynamic that we read about in this story: We sense a depth of love here that seems much deeper than that which Eveline feels towards her fianc?. We wonder if this is because the love between women in this world is always something that will be greater than the love between a man and a woman (because men and women are always essentially antagonists). Or it may be that Eveline's love for her mother seems far deeper because it was one based on a real and enduring relationship. Eveline's love for her fianc? seems much less based in reality but rather on an idealized belief in the importance of marriage and the goodness of men."
Abstract This study explores the issues of leadership and ethical responsibility in the educational field. The paper identifies issues that may arise as a result of the implementation of monitoring programs in schools for drugs, guns, and other teenage problems, and stresses the importance of ethical leadership when those issues do arise. The paper also includes an analysis of leadership styles of teachers and instructors within the educational system and their preference for using methods to control drugs and guns within the school premises. The study includes teachers and educators from all levels of the educational system from grade school to graduate school.
From the Paper "There is a constant debate: "Are leaders born or are leader made"? Leadership skills can be developed?the qualities required in a leader can be learned. Bernard M. Bass states ?Leadership is one of the world's oldest preoccupations.? (Wren, 1995) When individuals know and understand both their strengths and their weakness, their effectiveness as leaders is greater. The leadership quality most desired is the ability to have a vision and a dream. No leader will have followers if the followers do not believe in the leader's mission. Strong leaders have a helpful and thoughtful personality. They are also very aware of their own strengths and weakness. The key to success in a career, and consequently in life, is to set attainable goals and work towards attaining these goals. Disciple and dedication is a necessity. A good leader knows how to generate enthusiasm and positive thinking within him or her self and how to broadcast it."
