Abstract
This paper discusses archaic sculpture - in particular the Moschophoros statue. The paper provides a description of the sculpture and the damages it incurred as well as some of the critiques that it has received over the years.

From the Paper
''The Moschophoros statue is a very impressive work, lauded by countless critics and historians as an iconic example of archaic Greek statuary. He is nude and has long hair, a beard, and of course is carrying a calf that is draped around his shoulders. The most likely reason he is carrying a calf is that he is bringing it to a place where it will be sacrificed. He is carrying the proverbial "sacrificial lamb" one could say. The way he is looking straight forward, and his posture is facing directly forward, indicate he is from the genre of contemporary Archaic period Kouroi. His is named Romvos and he is offering that calf to Athena.
''Moschophoros' genitals are missing from the sculpture because a good share of the front side of his left leg from roughly the left hip down to the shinbone is gone. That fact is mentioned because typically Archaic Greek statuary features naked males with penis and scrotum fully visible from the front, and females most always are featured with clothing. His right hand it completely broken off just above the wrist and his left hand is partially broken off. The calf's left hind leg is partly missing in the same breakage as his left hand's demise; the calf's right front leg swings around Moschophoros' neck and is partially lost in the breakage that is centered at the center of the chest of Moschophoros.''

Tags:marble, sculptors, pigments

Abstract
This paper discusses the sculpted art form from the Archaic Greek period known as Kouroi. The discussion addresses the characteristic features of Archaic Greek Kouroi, the influence of Egyptian culture on Archaic Greek Kouroi, and the eventual evolution of Archaic Greek Kouroi to appear more realistic. This occurred toward the late Archaic and Early Classical periods in Greek civilization.

From the Paper
"The Greek statues known as Kouros sculpted in the Archaic tradition feature a number of characteristics that makes them representative of this era's artistic form and expression. According to Donna A. Wilson common characteristics of Archaic Kouros include a reliance on schemata impulse for pattern domination of surface and plane linearity, ornamentality and explicitness and passivity. One of the most famous Kouros statues is actually a pair of statues of the Greek twins Kleobis and Biton."

Tags:arete, anatomical precision, Homer, Apollo, Hera, Kleobis and Biton, stone carving, tools

Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of Greek statues over the centuries. It presents an overview of Greek statuary, focusing on the Archaic period and the High Hellenic period. The paper specifically focuses on and compares the kouros of the Archaic period and the depiction of Demosthenes from the High Hellenic period in order to understand how the changes came about.

Table of Contents:
Overview
The Archaic Period: the Kouros
The High Hellenistic Period: Demosthenes
Comparing Statues
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The kouros was never intended to represent a single individual. Instead, such statues were intended to represent a group of people, being that of idealized male youths at the height of their sexually attractive state. However, the statue of Demosthenes is clearly a representation of a single individual. It does not merely represent a group of people, being an idealized representation of the group "philosopher." Rather, the statue of Demosthenes is what Pedley calls a "psychological portrait" (352) of a living being, unlike the ambiguous kouros who exists suspended outside of time."

Tags:bakenreneb, depiction, representation

Abstract
This paper explains why anthropological archeologists are interested in cultural evolution, discusses the Spencerian and Darwinian models of cultural evolution, identifies the key characteristics of tribes, chiefdoms, and archaic states, and analyzes what kinds of material remains might archaeologists find most useful in their search for a better understanding of how prehistoric cultural evolution worked.

Abstract
This paper summarizes the plot of "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson and examines the theme of the story about rebellion against capitalism and capitalist patriarchs. The paper focuses primarily on Tessie, the chosen victim of the stoning ritual and how she is representative of this rebellion.

From the Paper
"The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson is a story of a senseless, superstitious, archaic ritual that is still practiced yearly in many villages at ten o'clock on the morning of June 27th (Jackson pp). Jackson begins by describing how the people of the village gather in the square on the clear and sunny morning of June 27th, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day, the flowers blossoming profusely and the grass richly green (Jackson pp). This first sentence paints such a quaint picture that it leads the reader to believe that this tale will be filled with joy and luck. The author informs the reader that in some towns, there were so many people that the lottery took two days, but this village, had only about three hundred people, so the whole lottery took less than two hours, "so it could begin at ten o'clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner" (Jackson pp). It sounds as if this is a kind of yearly gathering in which some type of prizes are awarded, for everyone gathers so hurriedly and matter of fact, such as Tessie Hutchinson."

Tags:path, square, crowd, mrs., delacroix, husband, bill, mrs., summers, male, domination

Abstract
This paper discusses The Kroisos, from Anavysos, Greece whose composition is dated before or around 530 BCE. This dating locates the Kroisos period of composition far before the more commonly known classical period of ancient Greek sculpture. It examines the style, form and the creative intention of the sculptor and compares them to early Egyptian and Roman sculpture. It argues how, at first glances, the plainness of the Kroisos is disappointing, but if the gazer is willing to look beyond initial impressions, he or she may very well see the beginnings of what would become one of the most influential and moving periods in the depiction of the human frame.

From the Paper
"The Kroisos is a young man, with long hair. His hair is curled in texture, and almost seems like a string of stone beads rather than an actual individuated head of hair. His nose is rather flat. He appears to be smiling about something. However, rather than a depiction of joy, his smile has a uniform, generic quality to it. He smiles but unlike the "Mona Lisa," his smile does not seem directed at the gazer, nor about something in his line of vision, much less an important thought perplexing his mind. The sculpture's tone of commonality of representation rather than individuation of representation, is further emphasized by the smooth, almost lidded expression to the Kroisos' eyes."

Tags:man, young, anavysos, roman, egyptian

Abstract
Discusses how this is an important archaeological site. Contains some of the oldest recorded artifacts found in North America. Considers samples taken from the Caves and describes the eastern Great Basic area.

From the Paper
"Danger Cave is in Utah, in the eastern Great Basin area (Aikens 1983: 169). It is a cluster of dry caves in the Great Salt Lake region and contains artifacts from before the Paleo-Indian period through the Archaic period, and up to 25..."

Abstract
This paper explains that "Terracotta Loutrophoros" (Ceremonial Vase for Water), from the Archaic period, which is now housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, is a Greek black-figured funerary amphora that has two handles for carrying and an opening. Next, the author relates the way the vertical shape of the vessel is balanced by the horizontal narrative bands and the narrative scenes are placed in relationship to each other. The paper concludes that the figures, who are mourning the death of a youth, are able to portray their love for him thus making the vase not only a ritual object but also a work of art so descriptive that the viewer does not need a museum placard to understand the story.

From the Paper
"There is also great detail in all the women's gowns. The fabric patterns are almost all identical, which may indicate that it was customary to wear a typical kind of dress to a funeral. The white arms and faces may be intended to bring attention to the mourning gesture customary in humeral processions (arms held above the head). On the lower part of the neck, there are two guardian lions. Their presence may imply that the youth were courageous and brave fighters who may have fought other beasts and soldiers in their lifetime.
"The middle section of the amphora is the largest and most significant scene. Eight women surround the dead youth lying on the bier."

Tags:archaic scenes borders, women's gowns, painted

Abstract
This paper describes the use of the word "like" in its two least popular meaning among English lovers and most common form among English speakers: the quotative, as in "and I was like, 'what?'", and the hedge word, as in "I like bombed on that exam". The author points out that, although she feels embarrassed about how her use of the word affects people's perception of her intelligence, she feels very strongly, as others do, that the current uses of the word "like" have very real, even innovative, purposes. The paper relates that the ability of "like" to indirectly quote or relay speech, behavior and thought with one word sets it apart from other words with similar functions. The author states that she sometimes uses the word to be purposely and purposefully imprecise. The paper concludes that informal usages of the English language help communicate sincerity and friendliness and demonstrate a natural process for the standard to eventually become archaic.

From the Paper
"But, despite what Lily Thorns may like to believe, the quotative and hedge-word "like" were not born of wealthy teenaged girls from Southern California in the 1980s. In the 1962 novel "A Clockwork Orange" by English author Anthony Burgess, the hedge-work "like" is also frequently used by the narrator, Alex - a young man of high intelligence, in fact. The usage is not exclusively American. I also notice it was used by my aunt and uncle, both of whom are in their 50s and were born and raised in Manchester (as was Anthony Burgess, for that matter), as a hedge word--although usually at the end of their sentences, much like the hedge-phrase "as it were". "

Tags:popular, archaic, function, emphasis, grammaticalization

Abstract
This paper explores how the Persian Wars changed the society of the Greeks, with a special focus on Athens. It attempts to compare the Archaic and Classical periods socially and culturally by using the Persian War as the fulcrum between Archaic and Classical. It also addresses the Persian War as the instigator of resistance that prompted changes within the classical period. It examines the changes in politics, art, literature, economics and intra-poleis relations.

Outline
Democratic Expansion
'Poliscentrism' vs. Imperialism " The Athenian Empire
Economics " Money, Money Makes a Man
The Progression of the Arts: The "Explosive" Archaic and the "Golden Age"
"There is No Growth Without Resistance " A Conclusion

From the Paper
"The reforms of Solon did little to advance democratic rights for the Athenians, whilst he certainly took the first step in ending debt-bondage, it can hardly be considered a leaping bound for democracy. In 508 BC, Cleisthenes reorganized political groupings into a great number of tribes so as to break the strength of the clans. Cleisthenes then set about embedding main constitutional power in the Assembly; in spite of this the check of power was still held by elected archons and those of the Areopagus who were almost always of the aristocratic elite. The limitation on how far democracy was allowed to go was always in place. The Archaic Period in regards to the fulfillment or expansion of democracy, and certainly in comparison to the changes to be made in the Classical Period was more the planting of a seed - that would be later cultivated by Pericles."

Tags:athens, economics, classical, democracy