Abstract
This paper explains that while we talk of observation as the evidential basis of science, Quine thinks that the notion of observation is too unclear to be helpful. The paper continues that evidential support of science therefore, comes down to a relation of stimulation to scientific theory. The author refutes that observation is relative to linguistic, professional or cultural communities, rather than to the whole speech community.

From the Paper
"An observation sentence may be holophrastic, or consist of a single noun or adjective thought of as a sentence, such as "Sunny", "Cloudless", or "Rabbit" in place of the previously mentioned sentences. We may use conjunction to form further observation sentences from more primitive ones, or we may compound them by predication. From "Flower" and "Pink", we can form "This flower is pink". Equivalently, in terms of stimulus meaning, we could say "Pink flower" but we get a stronger connection than that through predication. The conjunction gets confirmation when stimulation by something in the scene confirms each of its component observation sentences. Predication however focuses the two observations, requiring them to coincide or overlap. For "This flower is pink", pink must encompass the flower; but it could extend beyond, the relation not being symmetric."

Tags:holophrastic, symmetric, observation, evidence, community

Abstract
This paper discusses the cosmogonic myth of 'Purusa' upon which the traditional caste system in India is based. The paper explains that this system places the Brahmin (the most pure) at the top, the Ksatriya below them, the Vaisya below the Ksatriya, and, at the bottom, the Sudra, and that this placement is supposed to be symbiotic rather than oppressive. The paper then puts forth the argument that purity was not intended as selective attribute, but is an idea that arose from the Vedic Brahmins, those who thought themselves as the most esteemed piece of Puru a; therefore, purity is a man-made conception - one that should have no bearing on one's capabilities or aspirations in this life or in one's pursuit to reach m k a.

From the Paper
"Yet Hinduism is more than an amalgamation of a purity-centric caste institution developed under the steady hands of Vedic Brahmins. Especially in the past century, much has been done to raise "social awareness about the evils of institutionalized discrimination, especially against untouchables and women" (Lipner 123). As India develops further and becomes increasingly inter-connected with the rest of the world, the socially positive and aspiring aspects of Hinduism ought to take more precedent over the out-dated traditions of caste restriction and oppression. The cosmogonic Puru a myth is not a divinely ordained blank check to the highest caste or those who hold the most esteemed positions, as the Vedic Brahmins happily promulgated, but rather it is a myth that espouses the interconnectedness of all things in one body or universe; so that if one part is damaged, all parts are affected adversely. This is the message of the Puru a myth. From this egalitarian message it can be said that it is through action not birth that one's cosmic endeavor is furthered."

Tags:untouchables, Brahmins, caste

Abstract
The paper explores the problems that are associated with being an entrepreneur: the need to develop specialized business acumen in a hurry, the reliance upon the quality of one's staff, the external factors that are more significant in their implications for a small business than for a larger one, the absence of a large and diversified customer base, and the stresses that come with being the final arbiter on which direction the business takes. From there, the paper looks at the benefits that accrue to those who are entrepreneurs: the personal freedom, the ability to set goals (and achieve goals) that are in line with ones talents and interests, and the ability to seize control of things when it appears a change in organizational direction is needed. In the end, the paper concludes that entrepreneurship is perfect for creative people who want to work in an unfettered job environment and who have a high risk-tolerance and an ability to learn business lessons quickly, while for those who value stability and the security of a steady pay-cheque, a life working for someone else can be more comforting. The paper shows how the type of person you are determines which direction is best for you.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at whether or not entrepreneurship is preferable to working for others. In doing so, the next several pages will explore the problems that attend being an entrepreneur: the need to develop specialized business acumen in a hurry, the reliance upon the quality of one's staff (people who work for corporations rarely have to worry about how somebody else in the office is doing, thereby giving them the luxury of worrying only about themselves), the external factors (like business location) that are more significant in their implications for a small business than for a larger one, the absence (in the early stages) of..."

Tags:entrepreneurship, work, benefits

Abstract
To commence, Friedman argues that there can be no political freedom without economic freedom. He states at one point that "the kind of economic organization that provides economic freedom directly, namely, competitive capitalism, also promotes political freedom because it separates economic power from political power and in this way enables the one to offset the other" (Friedman and Friedman 9). In Friedman's view, the key feature of the market organization of economic activity is that it effectively prevents one person from interfering with another person with regards to most activities; for instance, the consumer is protected from coercion initiated by the seller because there exist other sellers (within a free market system) with whom the consumer can deal (Friedman and Friedman 14). With a free market within which every person can pursue the thing or things he or she wants, it becomes possible to limit the ability of the government to tell individuals what they should - or should not - want and do; in other words, economic freedom gives every person a real choice and that reduces the need for the state, via acquiescing to the will of the majority, to do the decision-making for private citizens (Friedman and Friedman 15). As Milton Friedman sees it, the free market asks of government only that it serve as an impartial arbiter and rule-maker; it is not its job to force the individual person to do things he or she does not wish to do (24-25).

From the Paper
An internal critique of Friedman's concept of freedom based on a study of R.H. Tawney's equality To commence, Friedman argues that there can be no political freedom without economic freedom. He states at one point that "the kind of economic organization that provides economic freedom directly, namely, competitive capitalism, also promotes political freedom because it separates economic power from political power and in this way enables the one to offset the other" (Friedman and Friedman 9). In Friedman's view, the key feature of the market organization of economic activity is that it effectively prevents one person from interfering with another person with

Tags:equality, freedom, friedman

Abstract
The paper argues that the War on Drugs has been remarkable in that it has actually helped to create some of the worst aspects of the drug trade. The paper contends that the United States' role in the militarization of the state of Colombia provided the motive, impetus and support structure for the notorious drug lord, Pablo Escobar. The paper describes how this militarization perpetrated first by the United States and its allies in the Colombian government, elevated Escobar during the 1980s as a wealthy businessman and an uncommon arbiter of brutality. The paper contends that the tactics of extremity which are part and parcel of the War on Drugs only lead to more extreme tactics by drug lords like Escobar.

From the Paper
"It has often been a centerpiece of conservative American governance to attempt at making inroads to beating substance abuse. Its approach, however, is one that has rarely acted in direct response to the symptoms of addiction, social penetration of drug use or the demand for pragmatism in a heavily nuanced debate. Instead, drug policy as law is typically pursued in this country with an impetus that is somewhat incongruous to the actual nature of the problem. In seeming contrast to everything that clinical science has illustrated to be true about the formation, sustenance and diminishment of chemical dependency or recreational drug use, the United States' more right-leaning leaders have made the nation an international bastion for militant and draconian policies in combating import, trade and use of illegal drugs. This is an effort which has taken place under the umbrella term, the War on Drugs. Since its inception during the Nixon presidency in 1971, this war has been a jewel in the crown of many Republican Administrations as well as a fulcrum which had drawn massive criticism from civil libertarians."

Tags:Colombia, cocaine, drug-trafficking, violence, brutality

Abstract
"Nissan's mission is to provide automotive products and services that are innovative and unique that offer measurable values to all of its stakeholders. The corporation is pursuing this mission through environmentally sustainable mobility to benefit all of humanity in the process. This will be facilitated with the use of bio-fuels and hybrids among other new technologies, with the consumer being the final arbiter of what will be the winning product. Today Nissan's financial status is such that pursuing new green technologies under the "Nissan Green Program 2010" is a viable reality. Nissan's alliance with Renault has allowed the corporation to focus on new and promising technologies such a lithium-ion batteries and clean diesel fuels. This focus on the environmental is purposeful as Nissan intends to be a world leader in the 'green' fuel and vehicle industry. The corporation's mission is also to advance technologies in many other areas including the safety and integrity of the Nissan vehicle."

From the Paper
Running Head: NISSAN Nissan's Mission Statement Nissan's mission is to provide automotive products and services that are innovative and unique that offer measurable values to all of its stakeholders. The corporation is pursuing this mission through environmentally sustainable mobility to benefit all of humanity in the process. This will be facilitated with the use of bio-fuels and hybrids among other new technologies, with the consumer being the final arbiter of what will be the winning product. Today Nissan's financial status is such that pursuing new green technologies under the "Nissan Green Program 2010"

Tags:nissan, organization, health

Abstract
This paper discusses the power of the Supreme Court in the United States. The paper suggests that the Supreme Court is the final arbiter of constitutionality on just about any issue that is debated among citizens of the United States and it discusses the political and legal problems that have arisen from this situation. It specifically discusses the public outcry regarding activist judges who appear to want to legislate from the bench.

From the Paper
"The need for judicial reforms, then, is rather obvious. What is less evident, however, is the means through which to accomplish this reform. Some commentators have suggested a constitutional amendment limiting justices to term limits, albeit long ones, to avoid the political maneuvering inherent in the timing of Justices' retirements and nomination; the amendment provides significant equality among administrations to nominate candidates for the Court without placing undue emphasis on when certain Justices retired (as Justice William Douglas attempted to do by waiting to retire until a Democratic president was in office) (DiTullio and Schochet 2004). Other reforms proposed include different nomination processes, a more significant emphasis on qualifications over political affiliation, less outside lobbyist and interest group involvement, and various other tweaks to the process of choosing members of the judiciary (Yoo 2000, 1465)."

Tags:amendment, judicial, political

Abstract
The paper looks closely at the underlying themes of political corruption as the arbiter of freedom in our society. It concludes that Warren's point was to demonstrate that only through finding the strength to defy society can we truly experience freedom.

Abstract
While Wittgenstein crafts a method of thinking, Derrida constructs the linguistic structure of philosophy within literature. In his view, philosophy exists solely within language and the language of the pen is the primary form. Language, then, for both philosophers, is the sole arbiter of philosophy. Without language, there can be no salient thought. Language and thought combine to create a form, but not a substance. Wittgenstein worked within the form; Derrida worked to provide the substance. On discourse in thought and the use of language, Wittgenstein and Derrida differed at least slightly.

Abstract
This paper discusses the "arbiter" role that religion played to the government and civil society, as reflected in the works of the theologians John Calvin and Thomas More, and political scientist Niccolo Machiavelli. The paper reviews Calvin's "Conversion and Call to Geneva" and More's "Utopia," comparatively analyzing them against Machiavelli's "The Prince".

From the Paper
"Case in point shown in Machiavelli's discourse is the inability of Church leaders to help lead civil society towards betterment and improvement of its state, as Western history had shown. The Pope, as he pointed out, did not have the political power to govern his own clergy, which demonstrates the Pope's inability to govern a bigger number of people, such as civil society. Evidence of the Pope's inability to lead over his clergy is the tendency for cardinals to attempt to usurp each other's, and the Pope's, powers, for their self-promotion and the creation of factions even within the Church organization."

Tags:civil, society, political, leaders, religious, groups, clergy, church