Abstract
Many Westerners see Arabs and Moslems as bloodthirsty, violent, and ignorant terrorists. This pro-Palestinian paper argues that, while these may be untrue stereotypes, the Arabs have not made any efforts to respond to them and show the West the truth of who they are. It argues that, although the anti-Arab stereotypes in the West are usually blamed by the Arab world on the Jewish media, the fact is that the Arabs are partly responsible for the creation of these stereotypes because of the violent actions that they have taken and the fact that they have not tried to create understanding between their culture and the Western world.

From the Paper
"The Arabs must act upon the understanding that the media is not only an instrument for spreading information, but an instrument of "political public relations" (Mansour). It is used by countries and groups of people to argue their cause in front of the international community, and to appeal to public opinion in democratic countries such as the United States. As Ambassador Gamal Mansour explains, if the Arabs and Palestinians are to correct the "Jewish-propagated stereotypes," they have to appeal directly to the American public who, in turn, can influence the foreign policy of the United States towards the Middle East."

Tags:middle, east, suicide, bomber, Palestine

Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews Christina Civantos' 2006 text, "Between Argentines and Arabs: Argentine Orientalism, Arab Immigrants, and the Writing of Identity," which examines the phenomenon of Orientalism specifically in a Latin American context. The paper discusses the content of the book and how Civantos presents her ideas.

From the Paper
"Orientalism was a term coined by the postcolonial theorist Edward Said to describe the reduction of Middle Eastern or East Asian culture to a kind of exotic literary trope. Said discusses this development mainly in relation to European powers and their colonial possessions, but Christina Civantos in her 2006 text Between Argentines and Arabs: Argentine Orientalism, Arab Immigrants, and the Writing of Identity examines the phenomenon of Orientalism specifically in a Latin American context. Argentina was one of the most ethnically diverse societies of Latin America. The debate over colonialism, Nationalism, Orientalism took on a unique character in the country because of its cross-section of identities. European, Indian, and Arabs were all determined to create their unique subjectivity in relation to the nation."

Tags:gaucho, culture, colonialism, identity

Abstract
This paper examines the influence the U.S. media has in shaping the public's perception of Arabs and Muslim, focusing on the period from the 1940s through the 1990s. The paper examines romanticism and oriental fantasy in early movies, the impact these perceptions had on the Middle East crisis and the media perpetration of stereotypes and racism.

From the Paper
"The characterization of Arabs in the U.S. media is closely aligned with U.S. foreign and military policy. The media is instrumental in portraying stereotypes or perpetuating racism and prejudice against what becomes the other. The other is necessarily portrayed as inferior or undesirable incomparable to mainstream American values and identity. Berkhofer's model for how media images of the other were used against Native Americans is a fitting model to explain the treatment of Arabs in the U.S. media since the..."

Tags:Middle East, Muslims, Orientalism, other, racism, stereotypes, violence, foreign policy, romanticism, Sinbad, Aladdin, terrorists, Oklahoma City, jihad, ethnocentrism

Abstract
This essay discusses the main theme of the above-entitled book--the conflict between the intellectual content of Arab nationalism and the realities of the Middle East in modern times and the resulting disillusionment and alienation of many Arab intellectuals. The main focus of the essay is Chapter One, The Suicide of Khalil Hawi: Requiem for a Generation, with reference to excerpts from other chapters and other sources with respect to the period leading up to Hawi's death on June 6, 1982.

From the Paper
"Hawi was a Christian Arab of Greek Orthodox origins who was born in December 1919 and grew up in mountainous areas east of Beirut, Lebanon. He was exposed at an early age to the ravages of the Turks and the hardships of post-World War I Lebanon. He became well-known as an Arab poet and as a professor at the American University in Beirut (AUB) and at Cambridge University in England. Ajami uses his life and the development of his thought to trace the disenchantment and despair his generation of Arab intellectuals felt toward the directions Arab nationalism had taken since the days of his youth."

Tags:hawi, middle, east, ottoman, empire, nationalism

Abstract
The Arabs in Israel belong to the larger Palestinian/Arab community, but instrumentally, they belong to Israel as their state of citizenship where they must have their daily needs met. While they enjoy a range of rights, they do not have equal rights with Jews since Israel is a state of the Jewish people. Discrimination against the Palestinian citizens has been reconciled with Israeli democracy on the basis that the Palestinians are a potential threat to the security of the state.

Tags:arabs, in, israel

Abstract
"Fouad Ajami?s The Dream Palace of the Arabs is a tale both of a place and of a generation. It is in many ways a hagiography of the world of the Arab intellectual in the 20th century, a world lived in large measure in exile, sometimes even from within the intellectual?s native land.

From the Paper
"Fouad Ajami's The Dream Palace of the Arabs is a tale both of a place and of a generation. It is in many ways a hagiography of the world of the Arab intellectual in the 20th century, a world lived in large measure in exile, sometimes even from within the intellectual's native land. It is a tale of theocracy and artistic freedom, of longing for belonging, of the passionate desire to find out who one is and why it is that one is different from both peoples in other places and from peoples in other times. This paper looks at some of the themes in this book as they are laid out in Ajami's prologue and connects these themes to other authors exploring some of the same subjects.


Ajami is writing the story of the world of ideas in which intellectual Arabs have immersed themselves - or tried to immerse themselves - during the years more or less after World War II and the..."

From the Paper
"Newspapers, television, radio and Internet are the main sources that the public turns to when they want to be informed about issues that are taking place in the world around them. The media has been able to send out subliminal messages about minority groups and their actions. Mass media has portrayed Arabs as terrorists there by greatly influencing the way people look at them. The media manipulates, distorts and abuses the way people view Arabs by associating terrorist attacks with Arabs and Muslims. "

Tags:media

Abstract
This is an argumentative paper, which states that the American media is biased against the Arab population. It provides examples of such discrimination and examines the effects that this type of portrayal has on society.

From the Paper
"A stereotype is the creation of a biased opinion or view. One individual will attribute the actions of one to an entire group of people bound by a common link such as race, sex, or national origin. Stereotypes often cause people to act and react in biased and judgmental ways. Even the usage of the word Arab elicits bias as it is used to group together people from different countries, with their own cultures, beliefs and religions. Arabs in America have faced numerous challenges in their attempt to adjust to a foreign society, mostly due to stereotypes. A stereotype or even the reinforcement of a stereotype removed the need and responsibility to examine individuals solely on the basis of their character. Media executives can create and perpetuate a stereotype with little or no proof to back it up and instead of researching the topic or revising images which might create a stereotype, they pass it off to the American public as the truth."

Tags:stereotype, racism, discrimination

Abstract
The paper looks at the challenges Arab-Americans face in their culture today. The paper discusses how many Americans stereotype all Arabs as Muslims who are enraged against the United States and western culture, although that is a false assumption of the majority of Arab-Americans living and working in the U.S. The paper shows how their own strong sense of culture, family and religion help them balance their world with the American world.

From the Paper
"Arab Americans seem to have one foot in their past and another squarely in their future. The Arab culture is extremely close-knit, with families playing an extremely important role in this culture. Jobs play an important part of this culture, because they are the place where many Arabs may spend a majority of their daily activities, and they may present challenges for many reasons. Employment in America is based on a Christian calendar and Christian ideals. Arab employees may find it difficult to pray during the day, and they may find it difficult to celebrate Arab holidays, which fall outside the traditional holiday calendar used in America."

Tags:faith, religion, 9/11

Abstract
A breakdown of clashes between Arabs and Jews from 1948 until Prime Minister Barak's time. The Palestine question is discussed as well as how different Arab groups formed and why each direct confrontation came about.

From the Paper
"Tensions between Arabs and Jews extend back centuries, but the modern conflict begins with the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, after which there was fighting between the newly declared state and her Arab neighbors, and in 1949 the fighting ended with armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Israel as a state developed out of the Palestinian question. When the British wanted to turn the state of Palestine over to the United Nations, a solution to the issue of what people would reside in Palestine was reached in the form of partition. Jerusalem would be made an international city in which there would be free access for worship in Christian, Islamic, and Jewish shrines and holy places. The Jews accepted the partition, but the Arabs did not, feeling that the agreement actually gave Jewish landowners more than 50 percent of Palestine. After the war and the creation of the state of Israel, Israel now controlled half of Jerusalem, and nearly 60 percent of the Palestinians had been uprooted from their homes. Displaced Palestinians lived in crude refugee camps, and the remaining Palestinians lived within the 22.6 percent of the territory the Israeli's had failed to capture (Neff 23-24).
Israel thus began in conflict with her neighbors, and tensions continued during the years following the creation of the Israeli state. During this same era, the United States and the Soviet Union each became embroiled in the conflict, forced to choose sides and to become more and more enmeshed in Middle Eastern politics. Direct confrontation occurred in 1956, 1967, and 1973 (Neff 27). After the Sinai Campaign of 1956, there was a period of relative quiet along the Israel-Egypt border, in part because of the presence of the United Nations. This did not mean that the conflict was ended, however, and within a year of the "settlement" of the 1956 dispute, the Arab world experienced a series of upheavals (Herzog 145-146)."

Tags:confrontation, Middle, East, Palestine, Israel