Abstract
Discusses how the first European settlement of Southern New England disrupted the Native American culture of the region. Differing structures and social systems of Indian & European cultures. King Philip's War (1675-1676). The issue of land ownership, and scarcity of good, arable land leading to friction and eventual violence.

From the Paper
"Southern New England was the home to a complex civilization when some of the first European settlers to the New World came to the area that is southern and eastern Massachusetts, the eastern part of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and most of Connecticut. Although there were regional differences throughout this area caused by differences in the environment as well as by the inevitable differentiation of people into subcultures, this region was unified by what can be viewed into a single cultural group. That culture - along with the lives of individual American Indians - would be in large measure destroyed during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans.


This paper takes as its focus the culture of the Native Americans of Southern New England and also why it was so terribly..."

Abstract
This essay provides a discussion of various factors that led to productivity increases during the Colonial period in American history, with a focus from 1650-1750. The paper explains how due to readily available supplies of arable land and slave labor and the rise of a mercantile class and technological advances, productivity increased greatly during this period, but most of the output increase was due to the agricultural sector.

From the Paper
"Colonial America is a period that spans nearly half of U.S. history two centuries out of four since the founding of Jamestown in .... Despite a persistent perception and reinforced historical image of not being an overly productive economic time in U.S. history, nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, the colonial period was an era during which the American work ethic took root, a time when work did not proceed according to the..."

Tags:farming, division of labor, international trade, cottage work, slaves, indentured servants, scythe, families, capitalization, investment, England, British

Abstract
The following paper defines community-supported agriculture, its history and evolution, and then delves into Kamloops' Farmers' Market and the issues confronting it and other farmers' markets throughout the country. The paper suggests that supply issues, such as food production shortages brought about by an absence of arable land, are real problems for this sector and looks at how the Kamloops' Farmers' Market's aggressive marketing push will cause trouble for possible competitors and will undoubtedly push them toward flashing their own environmental bona-fides.

From the Paper
"The following paper defines community-supported agriculture, its history and evolution, and then delves into Kamloops' Farmers' Market and the issues confronting it - and other farmers' markets - throughout the country. The paper suggests that supply issues (food production shortages brought about by an absence of arable land) is a real problem for this sector and looks at how the Kamloops' Farmers' Market's aggressive marketing push will cause trouble for possible competitors and will undoubtedly push them toward flashing their own environmental bona-fides...."

Tags:strategic, marketing, kamloops

Abstract
The paper focuses on the Caspian region that is particularly affected by environmental problems. The paper examines the problem of pollution and the reduction of arable land and shows how they are set to increase in the future, especially if one takes into account the threat of global warming. The paper concludes that the only solution to this problem is an integrated and internationally monitored plan of action or remedial plan, as was implemented in the case of the Great Lakes in North America.

Outline:
Introduction
The Caspian Region
Solutions
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There has been a considerable growth in the interest and concern about the global environment during the past decade. Governments, policy makers and environmental bodies are becoming more involved in the way that problems such as pollution and unmanaged ecosystems affect the environment in the world. This concern has been recently increased by the acceptance in the scientific community of the reality of global warming and climate change, which has been almost certainly linked to human causative factors such as carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. These concerns have refocused attention on various problems areas around the world."

Tags:global, warming, pollution

Abstract
This paper describes how two native tribes, the Kogi and the Kallawaya, have adapted to the conditions of the Andes mountains. There are similarities and differences in how these two groups have approached survival in this harsh climate. Both groups have relied on vertical farming and living in order to maximize arable land for food production and dwelling.

From the Paper
"Ancient Andean Tribes: the Kogi and the Kallawaya The Andes mountain range is home to two different groups of native dwellers. One group, the Kogi tribe, descendants of the Tairona, lives in the mountains of Colombia. The second group, the Kallawaya, is native to Bolivia. Both groups have adapted effectively to living in the harsh Andes climate; however, they have adapted quite differently from each other. This paper will be used to describe several of the similarities and several of the differences that exist between these groups. The ancient Andean tribes created a method of adapting to their environment known as `verticality' or the `vertical archipelago.' The tribes that lived in these hostile mountain regions created a series of pastures and croplands that often stretched for "sixty or more kilometers from top to bottom, [which] allowed a critical mass of people to assemble who could undertake the enormous work of terracing"

Tags:kogi, kallawaya, verticality

Abstract
Presents an overview of the economic and political environment of Djibouti. Discusses key political and ethnic disputes, the lack of natural resources and industry, and the lack of arable land. Examines the development of international trade.

From the Paper
"The tiny Republic of Djibouti, which is nearly the size of the state of Massachusetts, is emerging from the latest round of Horn of Africa travesties with a positive political and economic outlook on the future (CIA- The World Factbook 1). In a region ..."

Abstract
The paper begins with a discussion of severe arable land degradation and how genetic modification works. Various methods of genetic modification methods are provided, with references from scientific sources. The essay moves on to discuss impact of genetic engineering on maize gene pool and possible scenarios. Also mentioned is the down side of engineering plants to produce pesticides. Various fears of unknown effects from GMO are stated with case studies. Lastly, the essay addresses ethical and political reasons for and against GMO.

From the Paper
"Food is a crucial factor in supporting life on earth, but with the extremely fast rates of population growth, many wonder how long will it be before human consumption exceeds food production. Already, erosion and nutrient depletion has taken its toil on food production, with nearly 40 percent of the world's arable land seriously degraded (Robbins, 2001). In the early 1990s, a new science called Genetic Engineering came up with a possible solution."

Tags:engineering, genetic, gmo, third

Abstract
Desertification, which is the degradation of arable lands into deserts, is one of the very many environmental dangers that are facing us today, although desertification seems to be the most dangerous in relation to its immediate effect on human populations. The paper examines the phenomenon of desertification and analyzes it from the economic and humanitarian perspectives. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"The point thus becomes the need for developed countries to provide the underdeveloped ones with such resources that would allow them to implement sound farming practices, without being effected in terms of drop in food production. The solution is to control the problem before it grows to critical levels. In the end, we all live on a single planet, and our food resources are negatively influenced by desertification. That is, it is a common problem, effecting us all, with the greatest responsibility for a solution lying with the developed countries due to the fact that they have both the financial means and technology to combat desertification."

Tags:malnutrition, famine, Africa

Abstract
The paper explains sustainable development to be "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (United Nations General Assembly, para.2). The paper discusses how poor nations are put into somewhat of a quandary by this definition because tough anti-pollution laws or conservation laws that developed nations embrace inevitably put a harness on the resource exploitation third world countries rely upon in order to expand their economies. The paper discusses how innovations in agricultural technology have both helped and hindered the sustainable development of developing lands: on the one hand, they have given countries the ability to mass-produce foodstuffs on land/terrain that would not have been considered arable a few generations ago; on the other hand, new pesticides can put the health of the domestic population at risk. The paper examines how national accounting systems have finally begun to consider environmental impacts when pondering growth and economic opportunities.

From the Paper
"Sustainable development is as follows: "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (United Nations General Assembly, para.2). Of course, poor nations are put into somewhat of a quandary by this definition because tough anti-pollution laws or conservation laws that developed nations embrace inevitably put a harness on the resource exploitation third world countries rely upon in order to expand their economies. Innovations in..."

Tags:international, economics, development

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the spatial distribution of the Chinese population that includes an assessment of food security. The paper concludes that with certain strategies undertaken by the government, China should be able to maintain high levels of food security.

Tags:replacement rate, famine, infrastructure, fertility rate, arable land, agriculture, spatial distribution, density, population, family planning, food supply, One-Child Policy