Abstract
The paper looks at how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2003) state that the most significant issue connected to counseling Arab-Americans relate to both the historical perceptions of the social group, as well as the social perceptions of this portion of the population (p. 119). The paper discusses how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2004) argue that throughout history the Arab-American has been capable of disappearing into the "melting pot" because he or she is often confused with many other social groups, such as Hispanics, Asians or Native Americans (p. 119). The paper discusses how historically, Arab-Americans have ignored their heritage or even attempted to hide it because of the general perception in the United States that this heritage somehow held negative connotations and that those of Arab ancestry would not be accepted socially, and after September 11th, this willingness to hide their heritage became almost a necessity because of the general American sentiment that all people of an Arab background were terrorists (p. 119). Yet, the paper looks at how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2003) specify that over the course of time the need for Arab-Americans to defend their heritage and potentially prove themselves to be valuable members of society has overtaken fear and more Arab-Americans are now demonstrating pride in their culture (p. 119).

Tags:arab, americans, counselling

Abstract
This paper describes special treatment considerations that should be made with Islamic Arab patients afflicted with major depressive disorder. First, the paper gives an overview of Islamic culture in the US, focusing on tradition and practices that can be seen as oppressive toward women. Additionally, the paper cites how the terror attacks of 9/11 have made Arab-Americans victims of prejudice. The paper gives an overview of major depressive disorder, exploring the symptoms and treatment options. Next, the outlook of Arab Americans toward mental illness is described and resistance that counselors may encounter with these patients. Treatment methods that may be helpful to this population are suggested, such as metaphor therapy. The paper concludes by urging social workers to develop an understanding of the beliefs and values that their clients hold dear in order to better help them.

Outline:
What it Means to be Arab-Islamic?
Depression and Arab-Islamic People
Major Depressive Disorder Diagnosis
How Arab-Islamic People View Mental Illness
Treating Arab-Islamic Patients
Suggested Methods
Implications for Social Work

From the Paper
"Women frequently are the ones who experience the bulk of the stressors within the family. In a study completed in 2006, there were 96 female suicides for every 4 male (Hassan, 2007). Men are raised to be superior to women, which sometimes results in abusive behavior. Forced marriages are also common among Arab families and are a common factor in the depression of young Arab women (Hassan, 2007). The women are also expected to be mother and teacher to their children, as well as to maintain the dignity of the family. Often, upon having children Arab women are forced to postpone their careers and life to raise the children."

Tags:Arab-Americans, counseling Muslims, depression, metaphor therapy

Abstract
This paper explains that, for Arab-Americans, who were just as shocked by 9/11 as all Americans, there was an even greater intensity of emotion because of their concern that all Arabs would be stigmatized and blamed for the 9/11 attacks. The author points out that these concerns have been justified because many Americans have become hostile to Arabs and especially to Arab-Americans living in the United States. The paper relates that these reactions, which are deeply troubling, are not only irrational but also are a betrayal of the American values of freedom, liberty and equality that have made America great. The paper underscores that the Bush Administration security policies, such as racial profiling, and the mass media increasingly has portrayed a negative image of Arab-Americans.

From the Paper
"The three Muslim students clarified that it was a car, not a building, they had been talking about "bringing down" during a restaurant conversation overheard by the Georgia woman. But, on the second anniversary of 9/11, with memories of the World Trade Center towers collapsing still vivid in her mind, this woman in a small, conservative town in Georgia suspected that the three Arab-Americans she saw and heard talking about "bringing down" something could well be terrorists plotting to bring down a building or an airliner."

Tags:conservatives, bush, security, prejudice, harassment

Abstract
This paper argues against profiling Arab Americans, which the author considers a form of discrimination and prejudice aimed at these citizens. The author points out that after the attacks of 9/11, there has been a spike in incidents of Arab Americans being racially and religiously profiled without their consent or knowledge. The author further states that law enforcement officials actively advocate this profiling. The author states that discrimination of any sort is based on stereotypes, and is a result of the 9/11 attacks still being felt years later. The author concludes that profiling Arab Americans is due to deep xenophobia among Americans.

Introduction
Literature Review
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many scholars have been warily tracing the increase in surveillance and surveillance technology in society, assaying a shift from individualized or community-based surveillance to an increasingly universal technological surveillance system based on capital. After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, public scrutiny drifted away from the sort of Orwellian paranoia perpetuated by many critics of surveillance before the attacks and turned to its necessity. Still, however, the dangers of the new surveillance are just as valid, if not more so, as a threat to democracy and the ideal of justice as "innocent until proven guilty" after the attacks. Some of the increased dangers after the attacks include the profiling of Arab Americans, restricted access, persistent issues of privacy, and the idea of a national border controlled by surveillance that may be turning exclusivist."

Tags:prejudice, surveillance, terrorism, 9/11

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the impact of September 11, 2001 on Americans was similar in many profound ways, for there was a nationwide feeling of shock and disbelief. The writer discusses that the emotional and psychological reactions of Americans who lived in New York City or Washington D.C. tended to be much more intense, however, for many of them knew some of the victims, had directly experienced the ferocity of the terrorist attacks, and were caught in the midst of the carnage unleashed. The writer looks at the effects of these attacks on Arab-Americans.

Tags:9/11

Abstract
This research paper examines the attitudes of Arab-American students since September 11, 2001. The paper looks at the backgkround of Americans who come from Arab and Muslim countries. The paper also studies the status of Arab Americans before and after the 2001 terrorist attack on the U.S. The paper concludes with an examination of the effect of U.S. foreign policy on Arab-American students. The paper includes results of interviews with Arab American college students.

From the Paper
"The terrorist attack which took place in the United States on September was responsible for the development of new and negative attitudes toward Arabs and Muslims in the United States. However Susan M. Akram states..."

Tags:Arab-Americans, September 11, 2001, democracy, discrimination

Abstract
This paper explains that many of the nearly three million Arab-Americans are making an effort to reclaim and preserve their heritage. The author points out that Arab-Americans, including those born in the United States and recent immigrants from Arab nations, demonstrate the highest degree of ethnic pride as compared to other ethnic groups, with ninety percent of the population showing such pride. The paper reports that, most often, the Arab-American population displays its pride, heritage, and culture within the arts; the paper notes several Arab-American painters, sculptors, writers, and other artistic specialists.

From the Paper
"This vast population of both immigrants and native-born Arab-Americans lives all over the United States. However, the most concentrated area of Arab-American settlement is in southeastern Michigan. In particular, the city of Dearborn holds many Arabic centralized neighborhoods. In Dearborn, twenty percent of all the population and over forty percent of students enrolled in the public school system are Arab-American."

Tags:sakkal, alkatrany, festivals, dearborn, rihani

Abstract
The paper discusses the racism directed at Arabs prior to September 11 and relates that the American media was characterized by stereotypical images and there were many incidences of hate crimes against Arab-Americans. The paper then shows how the terrorist attacks of September 11 compounded the problem of racism against Arab-Americans in particular. The paper decries the U.S. government's response of legislation that actually erodes the constitutional protections afforded by the Bill of Rights. The paper concludes that racism against Arab-Americans is not going away anytime soon.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many observers were heard to note that "nothing would ever be the same again," and in some ways they were right. For instance, according to Cole and Dempsey (2002), the terrorist attacks of September 11 have affected the entire world, but especially American society in ways that continue to erode civil liberties without providing the protections of national security that are actually required. Today, threats from Al-Qaeda continue to haunt the American consciousness and it seems that Osama bin Laden will never be captured despite promises from the country's leadership that he was "a dead man walking." The many heads of the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization are manifesting themselves in more than 40 countries around the world like so many dragons, and it would seem that an increasing number of Americans are scared that so-called "sleeper cells" comprised of Arab Americans are already amongst them."

Tags:Muslims, hate, crimes, stereotypes, media, Constitution, civil, liberties

Abstract
This paper discusses the mild successes Arab-American entrepreneurs have built for themselves. The paper points out that, without continued growth, most businesses fail, and without financial or political strength, most businesses cannot continue to grow. The paper explores the need for Arab-American businessmen to band together in order to improve their business ventures.

From the Paper
"According to the 2000 U.S. Census, nearly 45,000 Arabs live in the six-county area surrounding Chicago (most of them in Cook County). Of these, most are concentrated in the Southwest side of the city, but also in the southwest suburbs such as Bridgeview, Oak Lawn and Burbank. However, community-based experts put the number even higher, at 150,000 (Abowd). Others (e.g. journalist Ray Hanania) post this number even higher, at 250,000. This discrepancy exists primarily because the long form of the census does not count "Arab-American" as a separate ethnic group, and many immigrants are hesitant to claim their ethnic status for fear of such things as deportation. Therefore, it makes sense to go with the larger numbers; and even if it does not quite rise to the highest end of the possible range, a community numbering even one hundred thousand makes the Arab community in the greater Chicago metropolitan area one of the largest in the country. The Arab-American community in Chicago has been growing since 1899, in fact, when the first large wave of Arab immigration hit the United States (Abowd)."

Tags:middle, east, entrepreneurs

Abstract
This paper reviews Edward Said's book, "Out of Place: A Memoir," which is an autobiography of his life as an Arab-American. The paper describes how, within the book, Said takes a stand on a number of troubling issues, as he attempts to discover exactly where he belongs in this world. The paper discusses Said's life and world views and explains why the writer of the paper feels that this novel is important.

From the Paper
"This novel is important because it shows how peoples' judgment of the Arab world has been clouded over the past sixty years. Not only does the media portray things in a manner that makes Arabs look like "the bad guy", but peoples' perception are impacted by the actions of a select few number of Arabs, rather than the majority. Said was a very good writer who obviously had a lot of experience with this particular topic and he makes his arguments based on his own experience. For this reason, he is a valid authority on this entire situation, despite his biasness due to his cultural background. This is an important work for the Arab world in general, as it shows the rest of society that there is always two sides to any situation, despite the way things might be portrayed in the media. There is much more to it than race, money, power, or land and Western society is liable to face as much blame as the Arab world because of how it has tried to take over the area for its own good. Said's work should be commended because it is by someone who has the bravery to stand up for everyone who is involve with the ongoing dispute in the Middle East. The sociological and economic issues that make the Middle East such a volatile region are still present and are not going to disappear anytime soon. Said's work in the region is revolutionary because not only is he tied to the dispute with personal investment, but he is also able to look at everything critically, as to benefit everyone equally. If he could let go of his assumption that everything involves race, this work could become a classic."

Tags:judgment, experience, bias