Abstract
The paper looks at how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2003) state that the most significant issue connected to counseling Arab-Americans relate to both the historical perceptions of the social group, as well as the social perceptions of this portion of the population (p. 119). The paper discusses how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2004) argue that throughout history the Arab-American has been capable of disappearing into the "melting pot" because he or she is often confused with many other social groups, such as Hispanics, Asians or Native Americans (p. 119). The paper discusses how historically, Arab-Americans have ignored their heritage or even attempted to hide it because of the general perception in the United States that this heritage somehow held negative connotations and that those of Arab ancestry would not be accepted socially, and after September 11th, this willingness to hide their heritage became almost a necessity because of the general American sentiment that all people of an Arab background were terrorists (p. 119). Yet, the paper looks at how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2003) specify that over the course of time the need for Arab-Americans to defend their heritage and potentially prove themselves to be valuable members of society has overtaken fear and more Arab-Americans are now demonstrating pride in their culture (p. 119).

Tags:arab, americans, counselling

Abstract
This paper describes special treatment considerations that should be made with Islamic Arab patients afflicted with major depressive disorder. First, the paper gives an overview of Islamic culture in the US, focusing on tradition and practices that can be seen as oppressive toward women. Additionally, the paper cites how the terror attacks of 9/11 have made Arab-Americans victims of prejudice. The paper gives an overview of major depressive disorder, exploring the symptoms and treatment options. Next, the outlook of Arab Americans toward mental illness is described and resistance that counselors may encounter with these patients. Treatment methods that may be helpful to this population are suggested, such as metaphor therapy. The paper concludes by urging social workers to develop an understanding of the beliefs and values that their clients hold dear in order to better help them.

Outline:
What it Means to be Arab-Islamic?
Depression and Arab-Islamic People
Major Depressive Disorder Diagnosis
How Arab-Islamic People View Mental Illness
Treating Arab-Islamic Patients
Suggested Methods
Implications for Social Work

From the Paper
"Women frequently are the ones who experience the bulk of the stressors within the family. In a study completed in 2006, there were 96 female suicides for every 4 male (Hassan, 2007). Men are raised to be superior to women, which sometimes results in abusive behavior. Forced marriages are also common among Arab families and are a common factor in the depression of young Arab women (Hassan, 2007). The women are also expected to be mother and teacher to their children, as well as to maintain the dignity of the family. Often, upon having children Arab women are forced to postpone their careers and life to raise the children."

Tags:Arab-Americans, counseling Muslims, depression, metaphor therapy

Abstract
The paper relates that the question of modern Arab identity is a complex one, which is informed by complex cultural, historical, and political considerations. This paper explores the issue of a modern Arab identity in the Arabic-speaking world with reference to competing/co-existing identities in terms of nationality, class, and culture. The paper argues that while the common basis of an Arab language unifies otherwise disparate and distinct populations across the Arabic-speaking world, this pan-Arab identity is undermined to varying degrees by potent and deeply embedded national, class and cultural identities which have become increasingly important over the centuries in the Middle East and North Africa.

From the Paper
"The question of modern Arab identity is a complex one, which is informed by complex cultural, historical, and political considerations. This essay will explore the issue of a modern Arab identity in the Arabic-speaking world with reference to competing/co-existing identities in terms of nationality, class, and culture. As will be argued, while the common basis of an Arab language unifies otherwise disparate and distinct populations across the Arabic-speaking world, this pan-Arab identity is undermined to varying degrees by potent and deeply embedded national, class and cultural..."

Tags:arab, identity, world

Abstract
This research paper examines the attitudes of Arab-American students since September 11, 2001. The paper looks at the backgkround of Americans who come from Arab and Muslim countries. The paper also studies the status of Arab Americans before and after the 2001 terrorist attack on the U.S. The paper concludes with an examination of the effect of U.S. foreign policy on Arab-American students. The paper includes results of interviews with Arab American college students.

From the Paper
"The terrorist attack which took place in the United States on September was responsible for the development of new and negative attitudes toward Arabs and Muslims in the United States. However Susan M. Akram states..."

Tags:Arab-Americans, September 11, 2001, democracy, discrimination

Abstract
This questions the stereotyping and hate crimes which are still prevalent amongst U.S. officials and citizens almost ten years after the World Trade Center attacks. The author argues that a major problem that existed and still exists regarding the Muslim Americans is America's lack of education and knowledge and high degree of misunderstanding regarding Arabs, Muslims and the distinction between the two. The paper also discusses several organizations aimed at countering these discriminatory sentiments (e.g. the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), and the Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services (ACCESS)).

From the Paper
"Immediately after the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Arab-Americans and immigrants from the Arab or Muslim countries experienced an unprecedented backlash from stereotyping to actual hate crimes and a variety of civil liberties violations. The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) received a tremendous increase of discrimination complaints in the workplace, public accommodations, and at airports. In addition, the U.S. government instituted a number of their own discriminatory policies and administrative measures targeting Arab-American and South Asian communities. These policies included massive secret detentions, selective law enforcement through so-called "voluntary" interviews and deportation of Middle Eastern men, a proposal to fingerprint immigrants and visitors from certain Arab or Muslim countries, and singling out Middle Eastern men for heightened enforcement of minor immigration law violations.
"In addition, the government detained scores of immigrants of Arab or South Asian descent merely on the basis of their ethnicity. According to a report by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), around 75 men, largely of Arab and South Asian origin were rounded up immediately after the attacks and held in secret federal custody. The number of detainees continued to grow as the government continued to selectively target Middle Eastern men for questioning."

Tags:anti-muslim, anti-arab, arab-american, muslim discriminate stereotyping

Abstract
This paper explains that the image the West has of the Arab world has always been formed to a certain extent by misperception and misunderstanding. The author points out that religious, cultural and political tensions, which have ebbed and flowed over the centuries between the West and the Arab world ,have been due to real grievances on both sides. The paper states that much of the mutual enmity between these two civilizations has arisen because Arabs and Westerners simply don't understand one another very well.

From the Paper
"The image the West has of the Arab world has always been formed to a certain extent by misperception and misunderstanding. The religious, cultural, and political tensions which have ebbed and flowed over the centuries between the West and the Arab world have been due to real grievances on both sides, but much of the mutual enmity between these two civilizations has arisen because Arabs and Westerners simply don't understand one another very well. September 11, 2001 was a defining moment, for the West reacted dramatically to the al Qaeda terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D.C. The negative image many Westerners already had of the Arab world was reinforced by the carnage unleashed on America that autumn morning."

Tags:arab, image, issues

Abstract
The paper provides a detailed assessment of the Arab/Israeli conflict and its influence on tension between the Islamic world and the West. The paper examines a number of religious factors and issues such as the status of Jerusalem and its importance in Islamic tradition which, it contends, is the primary reason for Muslim antipathy towards Israel. According to the paper, it is the West's consistent support of Israeli that has ultimately caused the resurgence of anti western sentiment in the Arab Muslim world and terrorism.

From the Paper
"The historical relationship between the Muslim world and the West has often been one of enmity and distrust. Moreover, in recent years the divisions have appeared to become more protracted and divisive. In definitional terms it is sometimes problematic to use ambiguous terms like Muslim and Western 'Worlds'. However, it is nonetheless important to note that that the history of relations between the two has invariably been characterised by "continuing and deeply conflictual relations between Islam and Christianity".
"This historical tendency towards disagreement and division has manifested itself in a number of ways. Central among these is the ongoing conflict between Israel and her Arab neighbours which since the establishment of the Israeli state in 1948 has come to personify the lasting nature of disagreement between Islam and the West. Moreover, although some academic authorities have attempted to play down its significance; it is certainly possible to see the manner in which religious motivation has often formed the foundation on which age old tensions rest. As such, any assessment of the modern conflict between Israel and the Arabs must ultimately be based on a religious foundation whilst simultaneously accounting for other factors."

Tags:islam, christianity, jerusalem, arab, prophets, religious

Abstract
This paper explores the emergence of the Arab people after Islam and Mohammed. The paper begins by looking at historical tensions in the region and the structure of the new Arabic Empire. The paper also discusses religion and rivalries in the region.

From the Paper
"Albert Hourani traces the emergence of the Arab people to the religious movement initiated by the Prophet Mohammed beginning in the early seventh century and located on the margins of the Byzantine and Sasanian empires..."

Tags:Middle East, Arab people, Iraq, Islam

Abstract
This paper traces the development and history of the Arab American Female in educational institutes and suggests that face a lot of prejudice from both their family and peer groups as they try to adjust.

Tags:arab, females, schools

Abstract
This paper traces the 9/11 terrorist attack to the United States, support of Israel in the 1967 War with her Arab neighbors, the historical facts of the war and the nations' political goals then and now.

From the Paper
"Since September 11th, and a subsequent international crackdown on terrorism and all entities that support, harbor or commit acts characterized as terrorism, confrontation between Israeli and Palestinian forces has become a detail of daily life. Likewise, so have much of the violence, death and destruction on both sides of the battle line. Israelis act on the pretense of defense, exacting military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza strip, in order to control the mounting terrorism that has threatened the Jewish state from within its own borders. Palestinians struggle for international recognition, independent statehood and liberation from Israeli possession. But the everyday intensification of conflict in the region is murky at best, as both sides operate without a credible solution, and accusations collect support on both sides. And while the shortsighted may regard this circumstance as a relatively new one, aftermath of recent tensions in the region and the election of a far right administration in Ariel Sharon, a perusal of the circumstances surrounding the end of the 1967 War will suggest that many of the specifics overarching this conflict are now at least thirty-five years of age."

Tags:1948, 1967, israel, jordan, egypt, syria, lebanon, unites, states, zionism, plo, palestine, israeli, jordan, palestinians, refugees, syria, arab, jewish, state, jews, AL-Fatch, Anwar, Sadat, King, Hussein, United, Nations, UN, French, Societ