Abstract
Created millions of years of ago through geologic action, the Ogallala aquifer is a vast underground reservoir that runs west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains. This paper examines the evolution and deposition of the aquifer and discusses problems facing it today.

From the Paper
"The main concern for the Ogallala is the fact that the aquifer has been cut off from most of its natural recharging sources (Ogallala pp). The Rocky Mountains have not supplied the aquifer for more than a thousand years, and the High Plains climate today is classified as semi-arid, receiving only fifteen to twenty inches of rainfall annually, most of which is subject to a high rate of evaporation due to the dry air and high winds (Ogallala pp). Moreover, many of the rivers, such as the Platte, Canadian, and Arkansas, actually drain the aquifer since they have water tables below that of the aquifer (Ogallala pp)."

Tags:Miocene, debris, Pliocene, Rita, Blanca

Abstract
According to the City of Brooksville 2006 Water Quality Report of the City of Brooksville Florida, water sources are deep wells drawing from the Floridan Aquifer. "The water is aerated, chlorinated for disinfection purposes and fluoride is added to promote dental health" (2006 Water Quality, 2006, p. 1). The City routinely monitors the drinking water for contaminants according to State and Federal rules, laws, and regulations. Sources of both tap and bottled water include "rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells" (2006 Water Quality, 2006, p. 4). The water dissolves naturally occurring minerals as it travels over the surface of the land, including radioactive material, and may also pick up substances from animal or human activity. The City of Brooksville's disinfection process mentioned above, controls microbes and any contamination, which may result (2006 Water Quality, 2006).

From the Paper
Running Head: BROOKSVILLE, FLORIDA Environmental Health Water and Sewage According to the City of Brooksville 2006 Water Quality Report of the City of Brooksville Florida, water sources are deep wells drawing from the Floridan Aquifer. "The water is aerated, chlorinated for disinfection purposes and fluoride is added to promote dental health" (2006 Water Quality, 2006, p. 1). The City routinely monitors the drinking water for contaminants according to State and Federal rules, laws, and regulations. Sources of both tap and bottled water include "rivers, lakes, streams,

Tags:florida, health, community

Abstract
The paper explains how the hydrologic cycle is fundamental for the overall health of the environment and the quality of the earth's water supplies. The paper then discusses the situation in Florida and emphasizes the importance of taking steps to conserve the water resources that are available, protecting the quality of Florida's aquifers and practicing good waste management techniques. The paper provides a glossary that contains key definitions for some of the terms important in the study of water management issues both in Florida and throughout the world.

Outline:
Introduction: The Hydrologic Cycle
Issues in Water Management
The Situation and Circumstances in Florida
Steps to Better Manage the Water Supply
Glossary

From the Paper
"The hydrologic cycle is the process by which water moves through the environment. Surface water evaporates or transpires from surface collections and plants to condense in the atmosphere as clouds. Those clouds release precipitation that falls back to the Earth. Some of that water percolates through the surface and charges underground deposits of water. The hydrologic cycle consists of the passage of water through the environment in different states in response to environmental conditions. The hydrologic cycle includes processes such as storage as ice/snow, precipitation, infiltration, ground water storage, ocean storage, evaporation, condensation, evapo-transpiration, surface runoff, springs, and sublimation (Cervone, "Florida Aquifers"; "Hydrologic Cycle"; Perlman)."

Tags:aquifers, limescale, hydrologic, cycle, waste, management, pollution

Abstract
This paper explains that urban sprawl and the ever increasing population of the United States is causing one million acres of farmland to be paved over each year in order to build roads. The author points out that the American Farmland Trust (ATF) has been instrumental in developing many policies that that focus on farmland protection and local food systems. The paper relates that paving causes the urban heat island effect (UHI), which occurs when a metropolitan area is significantly warmer than its surroundings. The author underscores that paving impacts the natural seepage of rainwater at the soil surface and creates more soil erosion. The paper states that paving reduces the total area through which the soil absorbs rainwater causing more flooding and decreasing the amount of water in natural aquifers.

From the Paper
"Soil erosion is the gradual wearing away of land surface materials, especially rocks, sediments, and soils, by the action of water, wind, or a glacier. Erosion also involves the transport of eroded material from one place to another, as from the top of a mountain to an adjacent valley, or from the upstream portion of a river to the downstream portion. Soil erosion can cause the top soil to be removed from farmlands which has the nutrients for the crops to grow. Also erosion can cause stream and ditch bank erosion which can result in the undermining of structures such as bridges or roads."

Tags:undermining farmland aquifers, urban sprawl, heat island effect

Abstract
The paper relates that Canada is blessed with a relatively plentiful amount of fresh water and, as fresh-water reservoirs and aquifers around the world become over-burdened and/or begin to dry up, Canada will find itself in a powerful position because of its abundant water resources - though it should be cautioned that these resources are not as abundant as some might claim. Nonetheless, the paper discusses how because fresh water is essential to human life, water might well prove to be as important - if not more important - than oil is now. Ultimately, the paper argues that the nation of Canada could be a major international player in the control and management of water and could leverage this power into other forms of power, too (such as diplomatic power or economic power). The paper concludes, however, that Canada does have plenty of challenges before any of that happens.

From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that Canada will be a major water supplier in the twenty-first century - but not necessarily the global super-power in this regard. Nonetheless, the nation is blessed with a relatively plentiful amount of fresh water and, as fresh-water reservoirs and aquifers around the world become over-burdened and/or begin to dry up, Canada will find itself in a powerful position because of its abundant water resources - though it should be cautioned that these resources are not as abundant as some might claim. Nonetheless, because fresh water is essential to human life, water might well prove to be as important - if..."

Tags:global, water, super, power

Abstract
In 1989 it was discovered that a Uniroyal Chemical Company plant was discharging toxic effluent into Canagagigue Creek and local aquifers. This paper examines the development of the plant, the development of the toxic threat and its consequences.

Abstract
This paper examines how the permeability of soil affects soil and rock parameters. The author explains porosity in soil and discusses how the ratio or air, water and clay in soil affect its parameters. The paper defines several soil types and discusses the characteristics of each soil classification. The paper also examines external and human factors that can alter the characteristic of soil. The paper then discusses aquifers and ground water and explains how this information, when used with a good knowledge of soil porosity and permeability, can be a great tool for having and maintaining an adequate amount of water for people. Figures are included in this paper.

From the Paper
"Consequently, identifying the presence of these two regions containing soils that can readily retain moisture is extremely significant. This is because this data is imperative for the purposes of not only measuring the moisture capacity of the soil itself but in assessing accurately the potentiality for leaching through the addition of agricultural chemicals added."

Tags:geotechnical engineering, water management

Abstract
This paper is a critical analysis of the solutions proposed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District and the Tampa Bay Water Authority to solve southwest Florida's water supply problems. More specifically, it seeks to the issue of cost-effective strategies to be utilized in southwest Florida to overcome the current water shortage, while minimizing impacts to water bodies and supporting future economic and population growth. The paper lists what a viable alternative must protect in terms of wild life and the environment, citing the World Bank's policy of minimum social impact. The proposed alternatives for increasing Southwestern Florida's water supply are described in depth followed by an analysis of the possibility of implementing them successfully. "Best Management Practices" are used in this evaluation process. The paper concludes that by using the "Best Management Practices" and forging relationships with legislators and other state government, Florida has the potential to resolve its water problems.

Outline:
Introduction
Description of Alternatives
Evaluation of Alternatives
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Two alternatives were evaluated using the established criteria. The construction of the Big Bend desalination plant in Tampa Bay, Florida, is one option that has been proposed for addressing water supply issues. The plant would use cooling water from a power plant-- which generates power for the process-- and turn salty ocean water to water fit for drinking and agricultural uses. If the plant is able to utilize new membrane technology to remove dissolved solids, the plant will supply 25 million gallons of water per day to the south Florida region and account for 10% of the total water supply by 2008 (Tampa Bay Desalination Plant, 2003). The Big Bend desalination plant was originally scheduled to being operating by December 31, 2002 but construction has been behind schedule. New estimates indicate operation by the end of summer 2003. S & W Water designed, built, owns, and will operate the facility. Water will then be sold to Tampa Bay Water for under $2.50 per thousand gallons over a 30year period."

Tags:water resources, urban development, aquifers, environment

Abstract
This paper discusses the transformation of water that takes place through a continuation process referred to as a hydrological cycle, which derives its momentum from solar energy and gravity. The paper analyzes the various methods for maintaining an adequate water level. The paper contends that a comprehensive examination, analysis, and determination of the hydrologic and geological characteristics of a selected location are essential for the productive management of the water resource.

Outline
The Occurrence of Ground Water
Properties and Classification of Water-Bearing Formations
Darcy's Law
Measures of Water Quantity
Utilization of Groundwater
Permeability
Water Level Measurements

From the Paper
"The groundwater is observed to rest on the empty spaces of the natural elements such as soils, unconsolidated settlings and rocks. Envisaging the level of underwater is quite a hard task. It is considered by some that the groundwater is reserved in the subversive lakes and flows in subversive rivers. The groundwater is the underlying water beneath the ground that is fully soaked through the small outlets of soils and rocks. The groundwater is refilled primarily by the downpour and determined totally by the local environment and geology, which causes its disproportionate distribution in both quantity and quality."

Tags:evaporation, reservoir, aquifers

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of "Cadillac Desert", by Marc Reisner. It incorporates ideas of environmental justice, social justice. It explores the purpose of the book, which is to show the historical mismanagement of water in the American West. The author also addresses the issue of the scarcity of water.

From the Paper
"John Wesley Powell was an early visionary regarding the ecology of the American West. He believed that cities should not be built in deserts and that the only development that should take place in an area was that which could be ..."

Tags:desertification, water, Olgalala aquifer, dam construction, environmentalists, development