Abstract
This article looks at aqueous humor production and the drainage of the liquid secreted by the eye. The writer discusses the effect of aqueous humor on intra ocular pressure. In this paper, the writer discusses production and drainage problems resulting in glaucoma. The writer also examines the treatments for glaucoma.

From the Paper
"Aqueous humor is a liquid secreted by the eye. Aqueous humor fills the anterior and posterior chambers with fluid. The production of aqueous humor is essential to normal function of the human eye. The balance between production and drainage of the aqueous humor helps the eye to maintain a certain size and shape. Aqueous humor is produced in the posterior chamber and it is drained from the anterior chamber. The peripheral part of the anterior chamber between ... "

Tags:Aqueous Humor Production, drainage, Intraocular Pressure, IOP, glaucoma, treatment, chronic disease, surgery, laser, medication, risk factors, shunts

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed overview of acids and bases in the pH scale, including the history, characteristics, types, and Ka values with chemistry and biology applications. The paper covers seven main parts: the history starting with the Romans; the definition of both an acid and a base; the characteristics of acids and bases; types of acids and bases; how to determine an acid number; the relationship between acids and bases to the pH scale; and aqueous and self-ionization solutions. I. Introduction A. What do acids and alkalines have in common? 1.To test whether temperature affected the acidity of different liquids. 2. The complexity and fascination of such project. 3. If different types of liquids were utilized, then temperature would certainly make a difference, however minimal. II. History A. The history of acids have dated back centuries. 1. The Romans first coined the term acidus. 2. Lavoisier's work with acids. 3. Predecessors, such as Arrhenius. III. Definition of acid A. The definition of acids have been controversial at times. 1. The Arrhenius definition 2. The Bronsted definition 3. The Lewis definition IV. Characterizing acids in general B. The nature of acids 1. Sourness 2. Dissolving in water V. Types of Acids A. Strong acids 1. Fundamental characteristics. 2. Dangerous 3. Larger Ka values B. Weak acids 1. Fundamental characteristics 2. Smaller Ka values 3. Equilibrium watch VI. Characterizing Bases. A. Bases are the opposite of acids 1. The Arrhenius definition 2. Characteristics B. Strong and weak bases VII. Acidity A. Acid number has a lot of relation to everything else 1. Determining acid number 2. Acid numbers importance B. pH is the epitome of research 1. Aqueous solution 2. Self- ionization 3. Definitions

From the Paper
"What do acids and alkaline truly have in common? The history of the understanding of an acid is relatively old. Dating back to the Roman Empire days, came the word that we derived acid from, acidus, meaning sour. Around the 1800s, French chemists erroneously believed that all acids contained oxygen, including the famed Antoine Lavoisier. Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist in the mid 1800s and a Nobel laureate, did a few experimentations with acids, and came up with concocting a definitive, chemically sound definition of an acid. Later on, in the 20th century, the partners Bronsted and Lowry initiated theories about acids using and published the acid-based concept. The most pragmatic research of acids and bases came from the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. Ever since then, the idea of acids and base has been widely recognized, although the definitions of such terms have been rather controversial."

Tags:acid, acidity, acids, alkaline, aqueous, arrhenius, base, bases, biology, chemistry, equilibrium, ka, laviosier, number, ph, romans, scale, sour

Abstract
This paper explains that, although aspirin has been found in many to be effective in treating patients with heart disease including myocardial infarction, many patients cannot successful take aspirin due to complicating factors that result in bleeding being triggered by aspirin. Next, the author presents an extensive literature review, the methodology for the original study and the results in table format. The paper concludes that this study found that aqueous solutions of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) hydrolyzes rapidly, which correlates with a diminished 'ex vivo' ASA effect on platelet function. The paper includes 22 figures and three tables.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
List of Tables and Figures
Abstract
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Organization of the Study
Terms and Definitions
Literature Review
Anti-Platelet Effects of Aspirin
VerifyNow Assay
Methodology, Results, Summary and Conclusion
Methodology
Results of Study
Summary of Results
Conclusions of the Study

From the Paper
"The work of Hillman (2009) entitled: "Platelet Aspirin Resistance Detection and Validation" states that it was concluded by Tantry et al that the occurrence of aspirin resistance "in published reports is overestimated, implying that this was due to the use of assays that did not measure cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity. Although these investigators reported an incidence of aspirin resistance of _0.4%, several reviews estimate, based on a large number of studies, that the incidence of aspirin resistance is between 5% and 45%." There are stated to be serious limitations in the Tantry et al study that "call into question the generalizability of their findings." Stated first is that the research population of Tantry et al was comprised mainly of patients with stable angina. It is stated that a number of studies have demonstrated that "...aspirin resistance is more prevalent in patients with acute coronary syndromes than in patients with stable angina, and thus their study may underestimate the prevalence of aspirin resistance in those at greatest risk."
"Stated secondly is that through "...employing a dose of 325 mg of aspirin, their data may not be applicable to the vast majority of patients who currently are treated with 81 mg per day." Third stated is that because their definition of aspirin resistance "...has not been validated against clinical outcomes, it is arbitrary and thus must be viewed as speculative. Fourth, the thrombelastograph (TEG) assay they use has not undergone extensive critical evaluation.""

Tags:aggregability, prostaglandis biosynthesis, platelet secretion, aqueous solution, donor

Abstract
In this paper the author takes an in-depth look at Ethanol. The author makes mention of the different ways that it can be produced, its various characteristics, chemical composition and uses. The paper concludes with various arguments as to why ethanol has so many benefits and is so useful and argues why it may well be the ?fuel of the future?.

From the paper:

?Ethanol (ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic, agreeable odor. In dilute aqueous solution, it has a somewhat sweet flavor, but in more concentrated solutions it has a burning taste. Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is an alcohol, a group of chemical compounds whose molecules contain a hydroxyl group, ? OH ? bonded to a carbon atom.?

Tags:fermenting, distilling, starch, sugar, manufacture, solvent, ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethanoic, acid, acetic, ch3ch2oh, molecules, chemical, hydroxyl, c2h4, ethene, h2o, steam, c2h5oh, yeast, zymase, enzyme